Research Article
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Realization of Earthquake Vulnerability Analysis in Structure Scale with Fuzzy Logic Method in GIS: Kadikoy, Maltepe and Prince Islands Sample

Year 2016, Volume: 3 Issue: 3, 40 - 56, 30.12.2016
https://doi.org/10.30897/ijegeo.306479

Abstract

The inadequate evaluation of geologic factors and unqualified and unplanned structuring play effective role in
giant damage and loss of lives created by the earthquakes and faulty areas choice and structure construction
cause building damages during the earthquake, thus it also causes giant loss of lives. Istanbul province and its
immediate environment are located in north of North Anatolian Fault Zone having 1500 km length. Hence, it
causes that the settlement’s Sea of Marmara coastal region is located in 1st seismic belt. The earthquake risk in
Istanbul and related risk factors should be determined besides vulnerability and earthquake risk. A
mathematical model has been created in geographic information systems for Kadıkoy, Maltepe and Prince
Islands sub-provinces by using Fuzzy Logic method which is one of the artificial intelligence methods by
considering 4 vulnerability parameters and earthquake vulnerability analysis have been made in this study. The
used parameters are the location by fault line, geologic structure, building structure and the number of floors.
The vulnerability grades emerged as a result of analysis have been studied and the distribution of buildings
according to those levels have been presented via a thematic map. The pre-earthquake precautions should be
determined for the study field by considering the vulnerability grades in case of any earthquake and the loss of
life and property should be minimized.

References

  • Akbulut, M.T. and Aytuğ, A. (2005). Proposal evaluation approach of determining earthquake vulnerability based on observations (Deprem hasar görebilirlik riskinin gözleme dayali belirlenmesine yönelik öneri değerlendirme yaklaşimi). YTU Arch. Fac. E-Journal, 1(1), 88-98.
  • Algan, O., Yalçın, M.N., Özdoğan, M., Yılmaz, Y., Sarı, E., Kırcı-Elmas, E., Yılmaz,İ., Bulkan,Ö., Ongan, D., Gazioğlu, C., Nazik, A., Polat, M.A. and Meriç, E. (2011). Holocene coastal change in the ancient harbor of Yenikapı–İstanbul and its impact on cultural history. Quaternary Research, Vol .76 (1), pp.30-45.
  • Alpar, B., Gazioglu, C., Altinok, Y., Yucel Z.Y. and Dengiz, S. (2004) Tsunami hazard assessment in Istanbul using by high resolution satellite data (IKONOS) and DTM. In: XXth Congress of the ISPRS, Istanbul.
  • Alpar, B., Altinok Y., Gazioglu C. and Yucel Z.Y. (2003) Tsunami hazard assessment in Istanbul. Turk J Mar Sci 9(1):3–29.
  • Calvi, G.M., Pinho, R., Magenes, G., Bommer, J.J., Restrepo-Vélez, L.F. and Crowley, H. (2006). Development of seismic vulnerability assessment methodologies over the past 30 years. ISET Journal of Earthquake Technology, 43(3), 75-104.
  • Demartinos, K. and Dritsos, S. (2006). First-Level Pre-earthquake Assessment of Buildings Using Fuzzy Logic. Earthquake Spectra, 22(4), 865–885.
  • Emre, Ö., Doğan, A., Duman, T.Y., and Özalp, S. (2011). 1:250,000 scale active fault map series of Turkey, Bursa (NK 35-12) quadrangle. Serial number: 9, General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Erdik M. and Durukal, E. (2007). Earthquake risk in Istanbul (İstanbul’da deprem riski)., Expected Marmara earthquake, risks and precautions (Beklenen Marmara depremi, riskler ve önlemler), Reports of Turkish Science Academy (Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Raporlari), 19, 25-36.
  • FEMA-249, (1994). Assessment of the state-of-the-art earthquake loss estimation methodologies. Federal Emergency Management Agency, Earthquake hazards reduction series 70.
  • Fischer, T., Alvarez, M., De la Llera, JC., and Riddell, R. (2002). An integrated model for earthquake risk assessment of buildings. Engineering Structures 24(7), 979–998.
  • Flerit, F., Armijo, R., King, G.C.P., Meyer, B., and Barka, A. (2003). Slip partitioning in the Sea of Marmara pull-apart determined from GPS velocity vectors, Geophysical Journal International, 154, pp. 1–7.
  • Gazioğlu, C., Yucel Z.Y. and Doğan E. (2005). Morphological Features of Major Submarine Landslides of Marmara Sea Using Multibeam Data. J Coastal Res. 21:664–673.
  • Gazioğlu, C., Gökaşan, E., Algan, O., Yücel, Z.Y., Tok, B. and Doğan, E. (2002). Morphologic features of the Marmara Sea from multibeam data. Marine Geology, 190, 397–420.
  • Giovinazzi, S. (2005). The vulnerability assessment and the damage scenario in seismic risk analysis. Ph.D Dissertation. University of Florence (I) and Technical University of Braunschweig (D).
  • Gökasan, E., Gazioğlu, C., Alpar, B., Yücel, Z. Y., Ersoy, Ş., Gündoğdu, O., Yalırak, C. and Tok, B., (2002). Evidence of NW extension of the north Anatolian fault zone in Marmara Sea; a new approach to the 17th August 1999 Marmara Sea Earthquake. Geo-Mar. Lett., 21 (4), 183–199.
  • Hébert, H., Schindele, F., Altinok, Y., Alpar, B. and Gazioğlu, C. (2005). Tsunami hazard in the Marmara Sea (Turkey): a numerical approach to discuss active faulting and impact on the Istanbul coastal areas. Marine Geol. 215:23–43. Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality. (2009), Istanbul earthquake possible loss estimation (İstanbul olası deprem kayıp tahminleri). Directorate of Earthquake and Geotechnical Investigation, Istanbul.
  • Keskin, M. T. (2005). A cost effect research for the base isolated reinforced concrete building. MSc Thesis. ITU, Istanbul, TR.
  • Kundak, S. and Türkoğlu, H. 2007. Earthquake risk analysis in Istanbul, Journal of ITU, 6(2), 37-46.
  • Lestuzzi, P., Podesta, S., Luchini, C., Garofano, A., Kazantzidou-Firtinidou, D., Bozzano, C., Bischof, P., Haffter, A. and Rouiller, J. D. (2016). Seismic vulnerability assessment at urban scale for two typical Swiss cities using Risk-UE methodology. Nat Hazards, 84(1), 249–269.
  • Mamdani, E.H., (1977). Application of fuzzy logic to approximate reasoning using linguistic synthesis. IEEE Transactions on Computers, 26 (12), 1182–1191.
  • MATLAB (2016). https://www.mathworks.com
  • Özgül, N. (2011). İstanbul il alanının jeolojisi-Istanbul kent jeolojisi projesi (Geology of Istanbul province area- Geology project of Istanbul city), Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality.
  • Pondard, N., Armijo, R., King, G.C.P., Meyer, B., and Flerit, F. (2007). Fault interactions in the Sea of Marmara pull-apart (North Anatolian Fault): earthquake clustering and propagating earthquake sequences, Geophysical Journal International, 171 (2007), pp. 1185–1197.
  • Rached, T. and Weeks, J. (2003). Assessing vulnerability to earthquake hazards through spatial multicriteria analysis of urban areas. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 17(6), 547-576.
  • Şen, Z. (2010). Rapid visual earthquake hazard evaluation of existing buildings by fuzzy logic modeling. Expert Systems with Applications, 37(8), 5653–5660.
  • Sucuoğlu, H. (2007). Determining earthquake risks urban building stocks with the method road scanning method (Kentsel yapı stoklarında deprem risklerinin sokaktan tarama yöntemi ile belirlenmesi), 6th National Earthquake Engineering Conference (Ulusal Deprem Mühendisliği Konferansı), İstanbul, 267-284.
  • Tesfamariam, S. and Saatcioglu, M. (2008). Risk-based seismic evaluation of reinforced concrete buildings. Earthquake Spectra, 24 (3), 795–821.
  • Tesfamariam, S. and Saatcioglu, M. (2010). Seismic vulnerability assessment of reinforced concrete buildings using hierarchical fuzzy rule base modeling. Earthquake Spectra, 26 (1), 235–256.
  • Tesfamariam, S. and Sanchez-Silva, M. (2011). A model for earthquake risk management based on the life-cycle performance of structures. Civil Engineering And Environmental Systems, 28(3), 261-278.
  • Toksöz, M.N. Reilinger, R.E., Doll, C.G. Barka, A.A. and Yalçın, N. (1999). Izmit (Turkey) Earthquake of 17 August 1999: first report, Seismological Research Letters, 70 (6) (1999), pp. 669–679.
  • Trendafiloski, G. Wyss, M. and Rosset, P. (2011). Loss Estimation Module in the Second Generation Software QLARM, In: Spence R., So, E. Scawthorn, C. (Eds), Human Casualties in Earthquakes Progress in Modelling and Mitigation, Springer, 95-106.
  • Türer Başkaya, F.A. (2015). Disaster sensitive landscape planning for the coastal megacity of Istanbul Journal of Coastal Conservation 19: 729-742.
  • Yılmaz, Y., Gökaşan, E. and Erbay, A.Y. (2010). Morphotectonic development of the Marmara Region, Tectonophysics, 488, pp. 51–70.
  • Zadeh, L.A. (1965). Fuzzy Sets. Information and Control, 8, 338-353.
Year 2016, Volume: 3 Issue: 3, 40 - 56, 30.12.2016
https://doi.org/10.30897/ijegeo.306479

Abstract

References

  • Akbulut, M.T. and Aytuğ, A. (2005). Proposal evaluation approach of determining earthquake vulnerability based on observations (Deprem hasar görebilirlik riskinin gözleme dayali belirlenmesine yönelik öneri değerlendirme yaklaşimi). YTU Arch. Fac. E-Journal, 1(1), 88-98.
  • Algan, O., Yalçın, M.N., Özdoğan, M., Yılmaz, Y., Sarı, E., Kırcı-Elmas, E., Yılmaz,İ., Bulkan,Ö., Ongan, D., Gazioğlu, C., Nazik, A., Polat, M.A. and Meriç, E. (2011). Holocene coastal change in the ancient harbor of Yenikapı–İstanbul and its impact on cultural history. Quaternary Research, Vol .76 (1), pp.30-45.
  • Alpar, B., Gazioglu, C., Altinok, Y., Yucel Z.Y. and Dengiz, S. (2004) Tsunami hazard assessment in Istanbul using by high resolution satellite data (IKONOS) and DTM. In: XXth Congress of the ISPRS, Istanbul.
  • Alpar, B., Altinok Y., Gazioglu C. and Yucel Z.Y. (2003) Tsunami hazard assessment in Istanbul. Turk J Mar Sci 9(1):3–29.
  • Calvi, G.M., Pinho, R., Magenes, G., Bommer, J.J., Restrepo-Vélez, L.F. and Crowley, H. (2006). Development of seismic vulnerability assessment methodologies over the past 30 years. ISET Journal of Earthquake Technology, 43(3), 75-104.
  • Demartinos, K. and Dritsos, S. (2006). First-Level Pre-earthquake Assessment of Buildings Using Fuzzy Logic. Earthquake Spectra, 22(4), 865–885.
  • Emre, Ö., Doğan, A., Duman, T.Y., and Özalp, S. (2011). 1:250,000 scale active fault map series of Turkey, Bursa (NK 35-12) quadrangle. Serial number: 9, General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Erdik M. and Durukal, E. (2007). Earthquake risk in Istanbul (İstanbul’da deprem riski)., Expected Marmara earthquake, risks and precautions (Beklenen Marmara depremi, riskler ve önlemler), Reports of Turkish Science Academy (Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Raporlari), 19, 25-36.
  • FEMA-249, (1994). Assessment of the state-of-the-art earthquake loss estimation methodologies. Federal Emergency Management Agency, Earthquake hazards reduction series 70.
  • Fischer, T., Alvarez, M., De la Llera, JC., and Riddell, R. (2002). An integrated model for earthquake risk assessment of buildings. Engineering Structures 24(7), 979–998.
  • Flerit, F., Armijo, R., King, G.C.P., Meyer, B., and Barka, A. (2003). Slip partitioning in the Sea of Marmara pull-apart determined from GPS velocity vectors, Geophysical Journal International, 154, pp. 1–7.
  • Gazioğlu, C., Yucel Z.Y. and Doğan E. (2005). Morphological Features of Major Submarine Landslides of Marmara Sea Using Multibeam Data. J Coastal Res. 21:664–673.
  • Gazioğlu, C., Gökaşan, E., Algan, O., Yücel, Z.Y., Tok, B. and Doğan, E. (2002). Morphologic features of the Marmara Sea from multibeam data. Marine Geology, 190, 397–420.
  • Giovinazzi, S. (2005). The vulnerability assessment and the damage scenario in seismic risk analysis. Ph.D Dissertation. University of Florence (I) and Technical University of Braunschweig (D).
  • Gökasan, E., Gazioğlu, C., Alpar, B., Yücel, Z. Y., Ersoy, Ş., Gündoğdu, O., Yalırak, C. and Tok, B., (2002). Evidence of NW extension of the north Anatolian fault zone in Marmara Sea; a new approach to the 17th August 1999 Marmara Sea Earthquake. Geo-Mar. Lett., 21 (4), 183–199.
  • Hébert, H., Schindele, F., Altinok, Y., Alpar, B. and Gazioğlu, C. (2005). Tsunami hazard in the Marmara Sea (Turkey): a numerical approach to discuss active faulting and impact on the Istanbul coastal areas. Marine Geol. 215:23–43. Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality. (2009), Istanbul earthquake possible loss estimation (İstanbul olası deprem kayıp tahminleri). Directorate of Earthquake and Geotechnical Investigation, Istanbul.
  • Keskin, M. T. (2005). A cost effect research for the base isolated reinforced concrete building. MSc Thesis. ITU, Istanbul, TR.
  • Kundak, S. and Türkoğlu, H. 2007. Earthquake risk analysis in Istanbul, Journal of ITU, 6(2), 37-46.
  • Lestuzzi, P., Podesta, S., Luchini, C., Garofano, A., Kazantzidou-Firtinidou, D., Bozzano, C., Bischof, P., Haffter, A. and Rouiller, J. D. (2016). Seismic vulnerability assessment at urban scale for two typical Swiss cities using Risk-UE methodology. Nat Hazards, 84(1), 249–269.
  • Mamdani, E.H., (1977). Application of fuzzy logic to approximate reasoning using linguistic synthesis. IEEE Transactions on Computers, 26 (12), 1182–1191.
  • MATLAB (2016). https://www.mathworks.com
  • Özgül, N. (2011). İstanbul il alanının jeolojisi-Istanbul kent jeolojisi projesi (Geology of Istanbul province area- Geology project of Istanbul city), Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality.
  • Pondard, N., Armijo, R., King, G.C.P., Meyer, B., and Flerit, F. (2007). Fault interactions in the Sea of Marmara pull-apart (North Anatolian Fault): earthquake clustering and propagating earthquake sequences, Geophysical Journal International, 171 (2007), pp. 1185–1197.
  • Rached, T. and Weeks, J. (2003). Assessing vulnerability to earthquake hazards through spatial multicriteria analysis of urban areas. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 17(6), 547-576.
  • Şen, Z. (2010). Rapid visual earthquake hazard evaluation of existing buildings by fuzzy logic modeling. Expert Systems with Applications, 37(8), 5653–5660.
  • Sucuoğlu, H. (2007). Determining earthquake risks urban building stocks with the method road scanning method (Kentsel yapı stoklarında deprem risklerinin sokaktan tarama yöntemi ile belirlenmesi), 6th National Earthquake Engineering Conference (Ulusal Deprem Mühendisliği Konferansı), İstanbul, 267-284.
  • Tesfamariam, S. and Saatcioglu, M. (2008). Risk-based seismic evaluation of reinforced concrete buildings. Earthquake Spectra, 24 (3), 795–821.
  • Tesfamariam, S. and Saatcioglu, M. (2010). Seismic vulnerability assessment of reinforced concrete buildings using hierarchical fuzzy rule base modeling. Earthquake Spectra, 26 (1), 235–256.
  • Tesfamariam, S. and Sanchez-Silva, M. (2011). A model for earthquake risk management based on the life-cycle performance of structures. Civil Engineering And Environmental Systems, 28(3), 261-278.
  • Toksöz, M.N. Reilinger, R.E., Doll, C.G. Barka, A.A. and Yalçın, N. (1999). Izmit (Turkey) Earthquake of 17 August 1999: first report, Seismological Research Letters, 70 (6) (1999), pp. 669–679.
  • Trendafiloski, G. Wyss, M. and Rosset, P. (2011). Loss Estimation Module in the Second Generation Software QLARM, In: Spence R., So, E. Scawthorn, C. (Eds), Human Casualties in Earthquakes Progress in Modelling and Mitigation, Springer, 95-106.
  • Türer Başkaya, F.A. (2015). Disaster sensitive landscape planning for the coastal megacity of Istanbul Journal of Coastal Conservation 19: 729-742.
  • Yılmaz, Y., Gökaşan, E. and Erbay, A.Y. (2010). Morphotectonic development of the Marmara Region, Tectonophysics, 488, pp. 51–70.
  • Zadeh, L.A. (1965). Fuzzy Sets. Information and Control, 8, 338-353.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Alper Şen

Vedat Ekinci This is me

Publication Date December 30, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 3 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Şen, A., & Ekinci, V. (2016). Realization of Earthquake Vulnerability Analysis in Structure Scale with Fuzzy Logic Method in GIS: Kadikoy, Maltepe and Prince Islands Sample. International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics, 3(3), 40-56. https://doi.org/10.30897/ijegeo.306479