Research Article
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Year 2021, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 186 - 192, 15.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.30897/ijegeo.836780

Abstract

References

  • Barrett, S.R.H., Britter, R.E., Waitz, I.A. (2010). Global mortality attributable to aircraft cruise emissions. Environmental Science and Technology, 44 (19). 7736-7742. https://doi.org/10.1021/es101325r
  • Bayırhan, I., Mersin, K., Tokuslu, A., Gazioglu, C. (2019). Modelling of Ship Originated Exhaust Gas Emissions in the Istanbul Strait. International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics (IJEGEO), 6(3): 238-243. DOI:10.30897/ijegeo.641397
  • Bo, X., Xue, X., Xu, J., Du, X., Zhou, B., Tang, L. (2019). Aviation's emissions and contribution to the air quality in China. Atmospheric Environment, 201 (2019) 121–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.01.005.
  • Elbir, T. (2008). Estimation of engine emissions from commercial aircraft at a midsized Turkish airport. J. Environ. Eng., 134, 210-215. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2008)134:3(210)
  • Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (2005). Regulatory Announcement No. EPA420-F-05–015, Office of Transportation and Air Quality.
  • Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). (2016). Aerospace Forecast. Fiscal Year 2016-2036
  • Georgian Civil Aviation Agency (GCAA). (2019). Flight schedule, statistics. http://gcaa.ge/eng/regular.php
  • Hudda, N., Fruin, S.A. (2016). International airport impacts to air quality: size and related properties of large increases in ultrafine particle number concentrations. Environ. Sci. Technol., 50 (7), 3362–3370. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b05313
  • International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). (2011). Airport Air Quality Manual.
  • International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). (2016a). Air Navigation Report.
  • International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). (2016b). Aircraft Engine Emissions Databank.
  • Kalivoda, M.T., Kudrna, M. (1997). Methodologies for estimating emissions from air traffic: future emissions. Cost 319 Action, report no. MEET Project ST-96-SC.204, Vienna, Austria; 1997, Perchtoldsdorf-Vienna.
  • Krzyzanowski, M., Cohen, A. (2008). Update of WHO air quality guidelines. Air Quality, Atmosphere, and Health (1), 7-13. DOI: 10.1007/s11869-008-0008-9
  • Penner, J.E., Lister, D.H., Griggs, D.J., Dokken, D.J., McFarland, M. (2010). Aviation and the Global Atmosphere. A Special Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Perl, A., Patterson, J., Perez, M. (1997). Pricing aircraft emissions at Lyon-Satolas airport. Transport Res Part D., 1997;2(2):89–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-9209(97)00005-9
  • Pope, C.A., Dockery, D.W. (2012). Health effects of fine particulate air pollution: lines that connect. Journal of the Air&Waste Management Association,56,709-742. https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2006.10464485
  • Rissman, J., Arunachalam, S., Woody, M., West, J.J., BenDor, T., Binkowski, F.S. (2013). A plume-in-grid approach to characterize air quality impacts of aircraft emissions at the Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 13 (18), 9285–9302. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-9285-2013
  • Song, S.K., Shon, Z.H. (2012). Emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants from commercial aircraft at international airports in Korea. Atmos.Environ., 61(61),148-158. https://doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.07.035
  • Stettler, M.E.J., Eastham, S., Barrett, S.R.H. (2011). Air quality and public health impacts of UK airports, Part I: Emissions. Atmospheric Environment, 45 (2011), 5415-5424. https://doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.07.012
  • TAV Airports Holding Corporations (TAVAHC). (2019).
  • Tokuslu, A. (2020). Estimation of aircraft emissions at Georgian international airport. Energy, 206 (2020), 118219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.118219
  • Unal, A., Hu, Y., Chang, M., Odman, M., Russell, A. (2005). Airport related emissions and impacts on air quality: application to the Atlanta international airport. Atmos. Environ., 39(32):5787-5798. https://doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.05.051
  • Vujović, D., Todorovic, N. (2017). An assessment of pollutant emissions due to air traffic at Nikola Tesla International Airport, Belgrade, and the link between local air quality and weather types. Transportation Research Part D., 56 (2017), 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2017.08.003.
  • World Health Organization (WHO). (2006). WHO Air Quality Guidelines for Particulate Matter, Ozone, Nitrogen Dioxide and Sulfur Dioxide. Global Update 2005. Summary of Risk Assessment.
  • Yang, X., Cheng, S., Lang, J., Xu, R., Lv, Z. (2018). Characterization of aircraft emissions and air quality impacts of an international airport. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 72(2018)198–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2018.01.007
  • Yilmaz, I. (2017). Emissions from passenger aircraft at Kayseri airport, Turkey. Journal of Air Transport Management, 58 (2017), 176-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2016.11.001
  • Yu, J., Shao, C., Xue, C., Hu, H. (2020). China’s aircraft-related CO2 emissions: Decomposition analysis, decoupling status, and future trends. Energy Policy, 138 (2020), 111215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2019.111215
  • Zaporozhets, O., Synylo, K. (2017). Improvements on aircraft engine emission and emission inventory asesessment inside the airport area. Energy, 140 (2017), 1350-1357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.07.178
  • Zhou, Y., Jiao, Y., Lang, J., Chen, D., Huang, C., Wei, P., Li, S., Cheng, S. (2019). Improved estimation of air pollutant emissions from landing and takeoff cycles of civil aircraft in China. Environmental Pollution, 249 (2019), 463-471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.03.088

Calculation of Aircraft Emissions During Landing and Take-Off (LTO) Cycles at Batumi International Airport, Georgia

Year 2021, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 186 - 192, 15.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.30897/ijegeo.836780

Abstract

In this paper, aircraft emissions (nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons) were estimated during landing and take-off (LTO) cycles for the year 2018 at Batumi International Airport in Georgia. The calculation model is based on flight data recorded by TAV Airports Holding Corporations in Georgia, including type and number of aircraft, engine type, number of passengers, and emission factors from the International Civil Aviation Organization Engine Exhaust Emission Databank were used for estimating the emissions. The total aircraft emissions during the LTO cycle were assessed as 68.96 t/y (39.78 t/y for NOx, 25.92 t/y for CO, and 3.26 t/y for HC) at Batumi international airport. Domestic flights were accountable for 68% of the total LTO emissions in 2018. The findings displayed that NOx was mainly released during the take-off and climb-out modes, accounting for 27% and 37% of the total emissions. CO and HC emissions were released mostly in taxi mode and responsible for 77% and 70% of total emissions. The assessment demonstrates that a 2-minute reduction in taxi mode results in an approximate 6% reduction in LTO emissions. To predict future emissions, it was evaluated that a 50% increase in LTO cycles would result in an increase of approximately 55-60% in emissions.

References

  • Barrett, S.R.H., Britter, R.E., Waitz, I.A. (2010). Global mortality attributable to aircraft cruise emissions. Environmental Science and Technology, 44 (19). 7736-7742. https://doi.org/10.1021/es101325r
  • Bayırhan, I., Mersin, K., Tokuslu, A., Gazioglu, C. (2019). Modelling of Ship Originated Exhaust Gas Emissions in the Istanbul Strait. International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics (IJEGEO), 6(3): 238-243. DOI:10.30897/ijegeo.641397
  • Bo, X., Xue, X., Xu, J., Du, X., Zhou, B., Tang, L. (2019). Aviation's emissions and contribution to the air quality in China. Atmospheric Environment, 201 (2019) 121–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.01.005.
  • Elbir, T. (2008). Estimation of engine emissions from commercial aircraft at a midsized Turkish airport. J. Environ. Eng., 134, 210-215. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2008)134:3(210)
  • Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (2005). Regulatory Announcement No. EPA420-F-05–015, Office of Transportation and Air Quality.
  • Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). (2016). Aerospace Forecast. Fiscal Year 2016-2036
  • Georgian Civil Aviation Agency (GCAA). (2019). Flight schedule, statistics. http://gcaa.ge/eng/regular.php
  • Hudda, N., Fruin, S.A. (2016). International airport impacts to air quality: size and related properties of large increases in ultrafine particle number concentrations. Environ. Sci. Technol., 50 (7), 3362–3370. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b05313
  • International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). (2011). Airport Air Quality Manual.
  • International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). (2016a). Air Navigation Report.
  • International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). (2016b). Aircraft Engine Emissions Databank.
  • Kalivoda, M.T., Kudrna, M. (1997). Methodologies for estimating emissions from air traffic: future emissions. Cost 319 Action, report no. MEET Project ST-96-SC.204, Vienna, Austria; 1997, Perchtoldsdorf-Vienna.
  • Krzyzanowski, M., Cohen, A. (2008). Update of WHO air quality guidelines. Air Quality, Atmosphere, and Health (1), 7-13. DOI: 10.1007/s11869-008-0008-9
  • Penner, J.E., Lister, D.H., Griggs, D.J., Dokken, D.J., McFarland, M. (2010). Aviation and the Global Atmosphere. A Special Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Perl, A., Patterson, J., Perez, M. (1997). Pricing aircraft emissions at Lyon-Satolas airport. Transport Res Part D., 1997;2(2):89–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-9209(97)00005-9
  • Pope, C.A., Dockery, D.W. (2012). Health effects of fine particulate air pollution: lines that connect. Journal of the Air&Waste Management Association,56,709-742. https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2006.10464485
  • Rissman, J., Arunachalam, S., Woody, M., West, J.J., BenDor, T., Binkowski, F.S. (2013). A plume-in-grid approach to characterize air quality impacts of aircraft emissions at the Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 13 (18), 9285–9302. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-9285-2013
  • Song, S.K., Shon, Z.H. (2012). Emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants from commercial aircraft at international airports in Korea. Atmos.Environ., 61(61),148-158. https://doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.07.035
  • Stettler, M.E.J., Eastham, S., Barrett, S.R.H. (2011). Air quality and public health impacts of UK airports, Part I: Emissions. Atmospheric Environment, 45 (2011), 5415-5424. https://doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.07.012
  • TAV Airports Holding Corporations (TAVAHC). (2019).
  • Tokuslu, A. (2020). Estimation of aircraft emissions at Georgian international airport. Energy, 206 (2020), 118219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.118219
  • Unal, A., Hu, Y., Chang, M., Odman, M., Russell, A. (2005). Airport related emissions and impacts on air quality: application to the Atlanta international airport. Atmos. Environ., 39(32):5787-5798. https://doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.05.051
  • Vujović, D., Todorovic, N. (2017). An assessment of pollutant emissions due to air traffic at Nikola Tesla International Airport, Belgrade, and the link between local air quality and weather types. Transportation Research Part D., 56 (2017), 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2017.08.003.
  • World Health Organization (WHO). (2006). WHO Air Quality Guidelines for Particulate Matter, Ozone, Nitrogen Dioxide and Sulfur Dioxide. Global Update 2005. Summary of Risk Assessment.
  • Yang, X., Cheng, S., Lang, J., Xu, R., Lv, Z. (2018). Characterization of aircraft emissions and air quality impacts of an international airport. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 72(2018)198–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2018.01.007
  • Yilmaz, I. (2017). Emissions from passenger aircraft at Kayseri airport, Turkey. Journal of Air Transport Management, 58 (2017), 176-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2016.11.001
  • Yu, J., Shao, C., Xue, C., Hu, H. (2020). China’s aircraft-related CO2 emissions: Decomposition analysis, decoupling status, and future trends. Energy Policy, 138 (2020), 111215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2019.111215
  • Zaporozhets, O., Synylo, K. (2017). Improvements on aircraft engine emission and emission inventory asesessment inside the airport area. Energy, 140 (2017), 1350-1357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.07.178
  • Zhou, Y., Jiao, Y., Lang, J., Chen, D., Huang, C., Wei, P., Li, S., Cheng, S. (2019). Improved estimation of air pollutant emissions from landing and takeoff cycles of civil aircraft in China. Environmental Pollution, 249 (2019), 463-471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.03.088
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Aydın Tokuşlu 0000-0002-5851-6902

Publication Date June 15, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 8 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Tokuşlu, A. (2021). Calculation of Aircraft Emissions During Landing and Take-Off (LTO) Cycles at Batumi International Airport, Georgia. International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics, 8(2), 186-192. https://doi.org/10.30897/ijegeo.836780