Bitkisel Üretimde Bor

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 33 - 46, 20.03.2018

Hatun Barut , Sait Aykanat , Safiye Aşıklı Selim Eker

Öz

Bor (B) bitkiler tarafından eser miktarda gereksinim duyulan ve eksikliği
ile toksisite sınırı birbirine çok yakın olan bir mikro elementtir.  Optimum büyüme ve
verimlilik sağlanabilmesı için bitkilerde borun yeterli miktarda bulunması
gerekir. Mevcut bilgilere göre bor,
bitki bünyesinde karbohidrat ve protein metabolizmasında, doku
farklılaşmasında, oksin ve fenol metabolizmasında, membran permeabilitesinde,
polen çimlenmesinde ve polen tüpü büyümesinde önemli roller üstlenmektedir.
Bitki bünyesinde bor’un hareketi sınırlıdır. Borun bitkide yukarı doğru
taşınmasında transpirasyonun etkili olduğu saptanmıştır. Bitkiler tarafından
borun alınmasının ve farklı organlara taşınmasının bitkinin su alımı ve
ksilemdeki hareketi ile yakından ilişkili olduğu ve ayrıca bu taşınmanın bitki
türleri arasında büyük farklılıklar gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Bor eksikliği
öncelikle bitkilerin büyüme noktalarına zarar verdiği için bitkilerde büyüme
çok yavaşlar. Eksikliğin çok şiddetli olması halinde büyüme noktaları ölür ve
büyüme tamamen durur. Bu nedenle bitkisel üretimde bor vazgeçilemez bir mikro
elementtir. Dünya bor rezervlerinin %72’sine sahip olan
Türkiye’nin toplam bor üretimindeki payı %33’tür.  Ancak borlu ürünlerin tarım alanlarında
kullanılması sınırlıdır. Çünkü bu konuda araştırmalar yeterli değildir. Bu
çalışmada borun tarımsal açıdan önemine dikkat çekilmiş ve farklı bitkilerde
yapılan araştırmalar değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bor, bor eksikliği, bitkisel üretim

Boron in Plant Production

Öz

Boron (B) is needed by plants
in trace amounts and the limits for required and toxic levels are quite close
to each other. Sufficient boron levels are essential for optimum growth and
yield in plant production practices. Boron plays various significant roles in
carbohydrate and protein metabolisms of plants, tissue differentiation, auxin
and phenol metabolisms, membrane permeability, pollen germination and pollen
tube growth. Boron mobilization is restricted by several factors throughout plant
growth. Transpiration is an efficient mechanism for boron transport to plant
upper sections. Plant water intake and water movement through xylem are also
closely related to plant boron uptake and boron transport to other organs of
plant. Such mobilization mechanisms greatly vary from one plant to another.
Boron deficiency primarily destroys growing points and ultimately results in
growth regressions in plants. Under severe deficiencies, growing points may
even die out and growth may be totally terminated. Thus, boron is considered as
an essential, inevitable, micro nutrient for plants. Turkey
has 72% of world boron reserves and the share of Turkey in world boron production is
around 33%. Since there aren’t sufficient researches and studies, boron
products have limited uses over agricultural lands. In this study, significance
of boron in agricultural practices was pointed out and boron researches carried
out with different plants were reviewed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Boron, boron deficiency, plant production

Kaynakça

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