Ketencik (Camelina sativa) Tarımı

Year 2019, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 36 - 62, 17.12.2019

Uğur Sevilmiş Mehmet Bilgili Şerif Kahraman Seyithan Seydoşoğlu Deniz Sevilmiş

Abstract

Ketencik (Camelina sativa L. Crantz), Brassicaceae familyasına ait tek yıllık yağlı tohumlu bir bitkidir. Düşük tarımsal girdi gereksinimi, soğuk havaya toleransı, kısa büyüme mevsimi gereksinimi, geleneksel tarım ekipmanlarıyla uyumluluğu ve yarı kurak bölgelerde, düşük verimli ve tuzlu topraklarda iyi yetişme gibi birçok olumlu tarımsal özelliği mevcuttur ki bu özellikleri açısından yağlı tohumlar içerisinde sıra dışıdır.
Türkiye’deki ketencik üretimi, sadece araştırma ve geliştirme amaçlı olarak sınırlı bir alanda yapılmaktadır. Birçok tarımsal türe yağ içeriği ve biyokütle bakımından alternatif olabilecek ketencik türüne ait yerli tescilli çeşit olmasına rağmen türün agronomik ve adaptasyon özellikleri konusunda Türkçe detaylı bir çalışmaya gereksinim vardır.
Bu çalışmada, ketenciktarımı ve mekanizasyonu açısından dünyadaki mevcut durum ve son yıllarda sağlanan gelişmeler incelenmiştir. Tarihçesi, biyolojisi, iklim isteği, ticari çeşitler, ekim sistemi, gübreleme, su gereksinimi, hastalık, zararlı, yabancı ot durumu, tohum verimi, hasat - harman ve depolama, kullanım alanları (yağı, küspesi), ticari önemi ile pazarlama, Türkiye'deki durum ve çözülmesi gereken sorunlar başlıkları altında uluslararası literatürde yer alan bilgiler incelenmiş ve bir araya getirilmiştir.

Keywords

Ketencik, Camelina sativa, yağ bitkisi

References

• Abramovic, H. & Abram, V. (2005). Physico-chemical properties, composition and oxidative stability of Camelina sativa oil. Food Technol. Biotechnol, 43(1): 63-70. Acamovic, T., Gilbert, C., Lamb, K. & Walker, K. C. (1999). Nutritive value of Camelina sativa meal for poultry. British poultry science, 40(S1): 27-27. Adamsen, F. J. & Coffelt, T. A. (2005). Planting date effects on flowering, seed yield, and oil content of rape and crambe cultivars. Industrial Crops and Products, 21(3): 293-307. Agegnehu, M. & Honermeier, B. (1997). Effects of seeding rates and nitrogen fertilization on seed yield, seed quality and yield components of false flax. Die Bodenkultur, 48(1): 15. Akbaş, M. (2017). Sonbaharda farklı zamanlarda ekilen ketencik [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz] genotiplerinin verim ve bazı kalite unsurlarının belirlenmesi (Doctoral dissertation, Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü). Akk, E. & Ilumäe, E. (2005). Possibilities of growing Camelina sativa in ecological cultivation. Estonian Res Institute Agric. Allen, B. L., Vigil, M. F. & Jabro, J. D. (2014). Camelina growing degree hour and base temperature requirements. Agronomy Journal, 106(3): 940-944. Angelini, L. G., Moscheni, E., Colonna, G., Belloni, P. & Bonari, E. (1997). Variation in agronomic characteristics and seed oil composition of new oilseed crops in central Italy. Industrial crops and Products, 6(3-4): 313-323. Antonious, G. F., Bomford, M. & Vincelli, P. (2009). Screening Brassica species for glucosinolate content. Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B, 44(3): 311-316. Arslan, Y., Subaşı, İ., Katar, D., Kodaş, R. & Keyvanoğlu, H. (2014). Farkli Azot ve Fosfor Dozlarinin Ketencik Bitkisi (Camelina Sativa (L.) Crantz)’nin Bazi Bitkisel Özellikleri Üzerine Olan Etkisinin Belirlenmesi. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 29(3): 231-239. Ayaşan, T. (2014). Ketencik bitkisinin (Camelia sativa) kanatlı beslenmesinde kullanılması. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 17(2): 10-13. Bernardo, A., Howard-Hildige, R., O'Connell, A., Nichol, R., Ryan, J., Rice, B. & Leahy, J. J. (2003). Camelina oil as a fuel for diesel transport engines. Industrial Crops and Products, 17(3): 191-197. Berti, M., Wilckens, R., Fischer, S., Solis, A. & Johnson, B. (2011). Seeding date influence on camelina seed yield, yield components, and oil content in Chile. Industrial Crops and Products, 34(2): 1358-1365. Blackshaw, R., Johnson, E., Gan, Y., May, W., McAndrew, D., Barthet, V. & Wispinski, D. (2011). Alternative oilseed crops for biodiesel feedstock on the Canadian prairies. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 91(5): 889-896. Bolat, Ç. (2014). Farklı azot ve fosfor dozlarının ketencik (Camelina sativa) bitkisinin verim ve verim unsurlarına etkisi(Master's thesis, ESOGÜ, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü). Bonjean, A. & Le Goffic, F. (1999). La cameline-Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz: une opportunité pour l’agriculture et l’industrie européennes. Oléagineux, Corps Gras, Lipides, 6(1): 28-34. Bouby, L. (1998). Two early finds of gold-of-pleasure (Camelina sp.) in middle Neolithic and Chalcolithic sites in western France. Antiquity, 72(276): 391-398. Browne, L. M., Conn, K. L., Ayer, W. A. & Tewari, J. P. (1991). The camalexins: new phytoalexins produced in the leaves of Camelina sativa (Cruciferae). Tetrahedron, 47(24): 3909-3914. Budin, J. T., Breene, W. M. & Putnam, D. H. (1995). Some compositional properties of camelina (Camelina sativa L. Crantz) seeds and oils. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, 72(3): 309-315. Bugnarug, C. & Borcean, I. (2000). A study on the effect of fertilizers on the crop and oil content of Camelina sativa L. Lucrăi Scedilla˜ tiințifice-Agricultură, Universitatea de Scedilla˜ tiințe Agricole scedilla˜ i Medicină Veterinară a Banatului Timiscedilla˜ oara, 32(2): 541-544. Colombini, S., Broderick, G. A., Galasso, I., Martinelli, T., Rapetti, L., Russo, R. & Reggiani, R. (2014). Evaluation of Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz meal as an alternative protein source in ruminant rations. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 94(4): 736-743. Conn, K. L., Tewari, J. P. & Dahiya, J. S. (1988). Resistance to Alternaria brassicae and phytoalexin-elicitation in rapeseed and other crucifers. Plant Science, 56(1): 21-25. Crowley, J. G. (1999). Evaluation of Camelina sativa as an alternative oilseed crop. Teagasc. Crowley, J. G. & Fröhlich, A. (1998). Factors affecting the composition and use of camelina. Teagasc. Çoban, F. (2014). Ekim sıklıklarının ketencik [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz] bitkisinde önemli agronomik özellikler üzerine etkileri(Doctoral dissertation, Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü). Daun, J. K. (1993). Oilseeds: production. Pages 831883 in Grains & oilseeds handling, marketing, processing. Canadian International Grains Commission, Winnipeg, MB. Davis, P. B., Menalled, F. D., Peterson, R. K. & Maxwell, B. D. (2011). Refinement of weed risk assessments for biofuels using Camelina sativa as a model species. Journal of Applied Ecology, 48(4): 989-997. Enjalbert, J. N. & Johnson, J. J. (2011). Guide for producing dryland camelina in eastern Colorado. Fact sheet (Colorado State University. Extension). Crop series; no. 0.709. Eynck, C. & Falk, K. C. (2013). 17 Camelina (Camelina sativa). Biofuel Crops: Production, Physiology and Genetics, 369. Finch, S. (1978). Volatile plant chemicals and their effect on host plant finding by the cabbage root fly (Delia brassicae). Entomologia experimentalis et applicata, 24(3): 350-359. Francis, A. & Warwick, S. I. (2009). The biology of Canadian weeds. 142. Camelina alyssum (Mill.) Thell.; C. microcarpa Andrz. ex DC.; C. sativa (L.) Crantz. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 89(4): 791-810. Francis, C. M. & Campbell, M. C. (2003). New high quality oil seed crops for temperate and tropical Australia. Canberra: Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. French, A. N., Hunsaker, D., Thorp, K. & Clarke, T. (2009). Evapotranspiration over a camelina crop at Maricopa, Arizona. Industrial crops and products, 29(2-3), 289-300. Fröhlich, A. & Rice, B. (2005). Evaluation of Camelina sativa oil as a feedstock for biodiesel production. Industrial crops and products, 21(1): 25-31. Gehringer, A., Friedt, W., Lühs, W. & Snowdon, R. J. (2006). Genetic mapping of agronomic traits in false flax (Camelina sativa subsp. sativa). Genome, 49(12): 1555-1563. Grant, D. J. (2008). Response of Camelina to nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur. Fertilizer facts. Montana State University, Ext. Service, Western Triangle Ag. Research Center, Conrad. Gugel, R. K. & Falk, K. C. (2006). Agronomic and seed quality evaluation of Camelina sativa in western Canada. Canadian journal of plant science, 86(4): 1047-1058. Harveson, R. M., Santra, D. K., Putnam, M. L., Curtis, M. & Pavlista, A. D. (2011). A New Report for Downy Mildew [(Hyaloperonospora camelinae Gäum.) Göker, Voglmayr, Riethm., M. Weiss & Oberw. 2003] of Camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz] in the High Plains of the United States. Plant Health Progress. Online publication. doi, 10. Henderson, A. E., Hallett, R. H. & Soroka, J. J. (2004). Prefeeding behavior of the crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae, on host and nonhost crucifers. Journal of insect behavior, 17(1): 17-39. Hergert, G. W., Margheim, J., Pavlista, A., Burgener, P., Lyon, D., Hazen, A. & Thompson, C. (2011). Yields and ET of deficit to fully irrigated canola and camelina. In Proceedings of the 23rd annual central plains irrigation conference (pp. 190-198). Hill, J., Nelson, E., Tilman, D., Polasky, S. & Tiffany, D. (2006). Environmental, economic, and energetic costs and benefits of biodiesel and ethanol biofuels. Proceedings of the National Academy of sciences, 103(30): 11206-11210. Hurtaud, C. & Peyraud, J. L. (2007). Effects of feeding camelina (seeds or meal) on milk fatty acid composition and butter spreadability. Journal of Dairy Science, 90(11): 5134-5145. Imbrea, F., Jurcoane, S., Halmajan, H. V., Duda, M. & Botos, L. (2011). Camelina sativa: A new source of vegetal oils. Romanian Biotechnological Letters, 16(3): 6263-6270. Jackson, G. D. (2008). Response of camelina to nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. Fertilizer facts, (49). Jha, P. & Stougaard, R. N. (2013). Camelina (Camelina sativa) tolerance to selected preemergence herbicides. Weed technology, 27(4): 712-717. Jiang, Y. (2013). Effect of Environmental and Management Factors on Growth and Seed Quality of Selected Genotypes of Camelina sativa L. Crantz. Jiang, Y., Caldwell, C. D., Falk, K. C., Lada, R. R. & MacDonald, D. (2013). Camelina yield and quality response to combined nitrogen and sulfur. Agronomy Journal, 105(6): 1847-1852. Johnson, E.N., Falk, K., Klein-Gebbinck, H., Lewis, L. & Malhi, S. (2010) Agronomy of Camelina sativa and Brassica carinata. Final Report. Available at AAFC Scott Research Farm, Box 10, Scott, Saskatchewan, Canada Johnson, J. J., Enjalbert, N., Schneekloth, J., Helm, A., Malhotra, R. & Coonrod, D. (2009). Development of oilseed crops for biodiesel production under Colorado limited irrigation conditions: final report to the Colorado Water Institute. Completion report (Colorado Water Institute); no. 211. Johnston, A. M., Tanaka, D. L., Miller, P. R., Brandt, S. A., Nielsen, D. C., Lafond, G. P. & Riveland, N. R. (2002). Oilseed crops for semiarid cropping systems in the northern Great Plains. Agronomy Journal, 94(2): 231-240. Kasetaite, S., Ostrauskaite, J., Grazuleviciene, V., Svediene, J. & Bridziuviene, D. (2014). Camelina oil and linseed oil-based polymers with bisphosphonate crosslinks. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 131(17): 1-8. Katar, D., Arslan, Y. & Subaşı, İ. (2012). Kışlık farklı ekim zamanlarının ketencik (Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz) bitkisinin verim ve verim öğelerine etkisi. GOÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 29(1): 105-112. Koç, N. (2014). Farklı zamanlarda ekilen ketencik [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz]'in verim ve bazı agronomik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi (Doctoral dissertation, Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü). Kurt, O. & Göre, M. (2018). Samsun Ekolojik Koşullarında Bazı Ketencik [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz.] Genotiplerin Önemli Tarımsal Karakterlerinin Belirlenmesi. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 55(2): 179-186. Lenssen, A. W., Iversen, W. M., Sainju, U. M., Caesar-TonThat, T., Blodgett, S. L., Allen, B. L. & Evans, R. G. (2012). Yield, pests, and water use of durum and selected crucifer oilseeds in two-year rotations. Agronomy journal, 104(5): 1295-1304. Marquard, R. & Kuhlmann, H. (1986). Investigations of productive capacity and seed quality of linseed dodder (Camelina sativa Crtz). Fette Seifen Anstrichmittel, 88(7): 245-249. McVay, K. A. & Khan, Q. A. (2011). Camelina yield response to different plant populations under dryland conditions. Agronomy journal, 103(4): 1265-1269. McVay, K. A. & Lamb, P. F. (2008). Camelina Production in Montana, Montana State University Extension. Field Crops, D-16. Meadus, W. J., Duff, P., McDonald, T. & Caine, W. R. (2014). Pigs fed camelina meal increase hepatic gene expression of cytochrome 8b1, aldehyde dehydrogenase, and thiosulfate transferase. Journal of animal science and biotechnology, 5(1): 1-8. Merrien, A. & Chatenet, F. (1996). Cameline: comments’ elabore le rendement. Oleoscope, 35: 24-27. Miller, P. R. & Holmes, J. A. (2005). Cropping sequence effects of four broadleaf crops on four cereal crops in the northern Great Plains. Agronomy journal, 97(1), 189-200. Mittelbach, M. & Remschmidt, C. (2004). Biodiesel. The compherensive handbook (No. L-0577). Martin Mittelbach. Morris, E. (1980). Erucic acid again. Food Cosmet Toxicol 18(2): 197- 199. Moser, B. R. (2010). Camelina (Camelina sativa L.) oil as a biofuels feedstock: Golden opportunity or false hope?. Lipid Technology, 22(12): 270-273. Moser, B. R. & Vaughn, S. F. (2010). Evaluation of alkyl esters from Camelina sativa oil as biodiesel and as blend components in ultra low-sulfur diesel fuel. Bioresource Technology, 101(2), 646-653. Mulligan, G. A. (2002). Chromosome numbers determined from Canadian and Alaskan material of native and naturalized mustards, Brassicaceae (Cruciferae). Canad. Field-Nat, 116(4): 611-622. Narasimhulu, S. B., Kirti, P. B., Bhatt, S. R., Prakash, S. & Chopra, V. L. (1994). Intergeneric protoplast fusion between Brassica carinata and Camelina sativa. Plant cell reports, 13(11): 657-660. Obour A. K., Krall J. M. & Nachtman J. J. (2012) Influence of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on dryland Camelina sativa seed yield and oil content. Agricultural Experiment Station 2012 Field Days Bulletin, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA. Obour, A. K., Sintim, H. Y., Obeng, E. & Jeliazkov, D. V. (2015). Oilseed camelina (Camelina sativa L Crantz): Production systems, prospects and challenges in the USA Great Plains. Adv. Plants Agric. Res, 2(2): 1-10. Pan, X. (2010). A two year agronomic evaluation of Camelina sativa and Brassica carinata in NS, PEI and SK. Pavlista, A. D., Baltensperger, D. D., Isbell, T. A. & Hergert, G. W. (2012). Comparative growth of spring-planted canola, brown mustard and camelina. Industrial crops and products, 36(1): 9-13. Pavlista, A. D., Isbell, T. A., Baltensperger, D. D. & Hergert, G. W. (2011). Planting date and development of spring-seeded irrigated canola, brown mustard and camelina. Industrial crops and products, 33(2): 451-456. Pearson, N. & Walker, K. C. (1999). The performance of Camelina sativa in the UK. Aspects of Applied Biology. Peiretti, P. G., Mussa, P. P., Prola, L. & Meineri, G. (2007). Use of different levels of false flax (Camelina sativa L.) seed in diets for fattening rabbits. Livestock Science, 107(2-3): 192-198. Plessers, A. G., McGregor, W. G., Carson, R. B. & Nakoneshny, W. (1962). Species trials with oilseed plants: II. Camelina. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 42(3): 452-459. Putnam, D. H., Budin, J. T., Field, L. A. & Breene, W. M. (1993). Camelina: a promising low-input oilseed. New crops. Wiley, New York, 314. Putnam, M. L., Serdani, M., Ehrensing, D. & Curtis, M. (2009). Camelina infected by downy mildew (Hyaloperonospora camelinae) in the western United States: a first report. Plant Health Prog., doi, 10. Raymer, P. L., Auld, D. L. & Mahler, K. A. (1990). Agronomy of canola in the United States. In Canola and Rapeseed (pp. 25-35). Springer, Boston, MA. Retka-Schill, S. (2008). Walking a tightrope. Biodiesel Mag, 5(3): 64-70. Robinson R. G. (1987) Camelina: a useful research crop and a potential oilseed crop. University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin No: 579. Rokka, T., Alén, K., Valaja, J. & Ryhänen, E. L. (2002). The effect of a Camelina sativa enriched diet on the composition and sensory quality of hen eggs. Food research international, 35(2-3): 253-256. Russo, R. & Reggiani, R. (2012). Antinutritive compounds in twelve Camelina sativa genotypes. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 3(10): 1408. Ruxton, C. H. S., Reed, S. C., Simpson, M. J. A. & Millington, K. J. (2004). The health benefits of omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: a review of the evidence. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 17(5): 449-459. Ryhänen, E. L., Perttilä, S., Tupasela, T., Valaja, J., Eriksson, C. & Larkka, K. (2007). Effect of Camelina sativa expeller cake on performance and meat quality of broilers. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 87(8): 1489-1494. Salisbury, P. A. (1987). Blackleg resistance in weedy crucifers. Cruciferae Newsletter, 12, 90. Sawyer, K. (2008). Is there room for camelina. Biodiesel Mag, 5(7): 83-87. Schnell, J. & Davis, S. (2011). Plant biology document of “The biology of Camelina sativa (L.) Crant”. Plant and Biotechnology Risk Assessment Unit, Plant Health Science Division, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Ontario. Schumacher, J. & Smith, V. (2007). Feedstock requirements for large scale 100 million gallon biodiesel production facilities in Montana. Montana State University Extension, 92. Schuster, A. & Friedt, W. (1995). Camelina sativa: old face—new prospects. Cruciferae Newsletter, 17: 6-7. Schuster, A. & Friedt, W. (1998). Glucosinolate content and composition as parameters of quality of Camelina seed. Industrial crops and products, 7(2-3): 297-302. Séguin-Swartz, G., Eynck, C., Gugel, R. K., Strelkov, S. E., Olivier, C. Y., Li, J. L. & Falk, K. C. (2009). Diseases of Camelina sativa (false flax). Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 31(4): 375-386. Shukla, V. K. S., Dutta, P. C. & Artz, W. E. (2002). Camelina oil and its unusual cholesterol content. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 79(10): 965-969. Soriano Jr, N. U. & Narani, A. (2012). Evaluation of biodiesel derived from Camelina sativa oil. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 89(5): 917-923. Szumacher-Strabel, M., Cieślak, A., Zmora, P., Pers‐Kamczyc, E., Bielińska, S., Stanisz, M. & Wójtowski, J. (2011). Camelina sativa cake improved unsaturated fatty acids in ewe's milk. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 91(11): 2031-2037. Urbaniak, S. D., Caldwell, C. D., Zheljazkov, V. D., Lada, R. & Luan, L. (2008). The effect of cultivar and applied nitrogen on the performance of Camelina sativa L. in the Maritime Provinces of Canada. Canadian journal of plant science, 88(1): 111-119. Vollmann, J., Damboeck, A., Eckl, A., Schrems, H. & Ruckenbauer, P. (1996). Improvement of Camelina sativa, an underexploited oilseed. Progress in new crops. ASHS Press, Alexandria, VA, 1: 357-362. Vollmann, J., Grausgruber, H., Stift, G., Dryzhyruk, V. & Lelley, T. (2005). Genetic diversity in camelina germplasm as revealed by seed quality characteristics and RAPD polymorphism. Plant Breeding, 124(5): 446-453. Vollmann, J., Moritz, T., Kargl, C., Baumgartner, S. & Wagentristl, H. (2007). Agronomic evaluation of camelina genotypes selected for seed quality characteristics. Industrial Crops and Products, 26(3): 270-277. Vollmann, J., Steinkellner, S. & Glauninger, J. (2001). Variation in resistance of Camelina (Camelina sativa [L.] Crtz.) to downy mildew (Peronospora camelinae Gaum.). Phytopathologische Zeitschrift. Yıldırım, H. & Önder, M. (2016). Farklı gübre dozlarının ketencik [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz] bitkisinde bazı verim ve kalite bileşenlerine etkileri. Selçuk Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(1): 117-122. Zadernowski, R., Budzynski, W., Nowak-Polakowska, H., Rashed, A. A. & Jankowski, K. (1999). Effect of fertilization on the composition of lipids from false flax (Camelina sativa L. Cr.) and crambe (Crambe abissinica Hochst.). Oilseed Crops (Poland), 20:503-510. Zentner, R. P., Wall, D. D., Nagy, C. N., Smith, E. G., Young, D. L., Miller, P. R. & Johnston, A. M. (2002). Economics of crop diversification and soil tillage opportunities in the Canadian prairies. Agronomy Journal, 94(2): 216-230. Zohary, D. & Hopf, M. (2000). Domestication of plants in the Old World: the origin and spread of cultivated plants in West Asia. Europe, and the Nile Valley Oxford University Press, New York. Zubr, J. (1997). Oil-seed crop: Camelina sativa. Industrial crops and products, 6(2), 113-119. Zubr, J. (2003). Qualitative variation of Camelina sativa seed from different locations. Industrial Crops and Products, 17(3): 161-169. Zubr, J. & Matthäus, B. (2002). Effects of growth conditions on fatty acids and tocopherols in Camelina sativa oil. Industrial crops and products, 15(2): 155-162.