int. j. environ. pollut. environ. model.

International Journal of Environmental Pollution and Environmental Modelling

2618-6128

Yasin Akın AYTURAN

Environmental Engineering

Çevre Mühendisliği

Impact of Baffle Walls on Area and Hydraulic Detention Time Needed for Wastewater Stabilization Ponds at Different Pollutant Loads

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3077-910X

Ali

Hafiz Qasim

KARADENİZ TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8187-4046

Üçüncü

Osman

KARADENIZ TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

12 31 2022

5 2 99 108 07 26 2022 09 05 2022

2018

International Journal of Environmental Pollution and Environmental Modelling

This paper mainly presents the in-depth analysis performed to explore the effect of baffle walls (BWs) on the requirement of the area and hydraulic detention time (DT) for wastewater stabilization ponds (WSPs). In addition, the influence of various concentrations of fecal coliforms and BOD5 is also presented. The meteorological parameters used to perform the analysis represent Ayvadere, a neighborhood in Arakli city of the Trabzon Province, Turkey. There were 12 different combinations of fecal coliforms and BOD5 influent loads. The analysis also included 3 different configurations of ponds, 6 various numbers, and 5 different lengths of the BWs, with which 720 analyses were performed. Configuration 1 gave minimum area and DT by meeting all the WSPs design and irrigation class-B effluent standards. There were 2 BWs with a length of 50 % of the design length of facultative ponds. Moreover, fecal coliforms and BOD5 were 106 (MPN/100 ml) and 300 (mg/l) simultaneously. According to the findings of the study, increasing the number and length of BWs reduces the area and DT required for WSPs. Furthermore, the results also show that the need for both things increased by increasing the pollution load. The cost of BWs is an essential factor compared to the decrease in area. So, an optimization study is recommended using various methods available in the literature. Besides, an examination must be conducted experimentally to compare the results of the analysis performed in this research.

Baffle walls Biochemical Oxygen Demand Fecal Coliforms Mathematical Analysis Wastewater Stabilization Ponds

Araújo, G.M. and Lima Neto, I.E., 2018, Removal of organic matter in stormwater ponds: a plug-flow model generalisation from waste stabilisation ponds to shallow rivers, Urban Water J., Vol. 15(9), 918-924. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1573062X.2019.1581231

Abagale, F.K. and Richard, A.O., 2021, Diversity Profiling of Helminth Eggs in Waste Stabilisation Ponds in the Tamale Metropolis, Ghana, Ghana J. Tech., Vol. 7(2), pp.1-11.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.47881/255.967x

Garcia-Rodriguez, O., Mousset, E., Olvera-Vargas, H. and Lefebvre, O., 2022, Electrochemical treatment of highly concentrated wastewater: A review of experimental and modeling approaches from lab-to full-scale, Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol. 52(2), 240-309.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2020.1820428

George, I., Crop, P., and Servais, P., 2002, Fecal coliform removal in wastewater treatment plants studied by plate counts and enzymatic methods, Water Res., Vol. 36, 2607–2617.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00475-4

Goodarzi, D., Mohammadian, A., Pearson, J. and Abolfathi, S., 2022, Numerical modelling of hydraulic efficiency and pollution transport in waste stabilization ponds, Ecol. Eng., Vol. 182, 106702. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2022.106702

Liotta, F., Chatellier, P., Esposito, G., Fabbricino, M., Van Hullebusch, E.D. and Lens, P.N., 2014, Hydrodynamic mathematical modelling of aerobic plug flow and nonideal flow reactors: a critical and historical review, Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol. 44(23), 2642-2673.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2013.829768

Li, M., Zhang, H., Lemckert, C., Roiko, A. and Stratton, H., 2018. On the hydrodynamics and treatment efficiency of waste stabilisation ponds: From a literature review to a strategic evaluation framework. J. Clean. Prod., 183, pp.495-514. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.01.199

Liu, L., Hall, G. and Champagne, P., 2020, The role of algae in the removal and inactivation of pathogenic indicator organisms in wastewater stabilization pond systems, Algal Res., Vol. 46, 101777. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2019.101777

Olukanni, D.O., & Ducoste, J.J., 2011, Optimization of waste stabilization pond design for developing nations using computational fluid dynamics, Ecol. Eng., 37, 1878–1888.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2011.06.003

Mahapatra, S., Samal, K. and Dash, R.R., 2022, Waste Stabilization Pond (WSP) for wastewater treatment: A review on factors, modelling and cost analysis, J. Environ. Manage. Vol. 308, 114668. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114668

Majumder, A., Gupta, A.K., Ghosal, P.S. and Varma, M., 2021, A review on hospital wastewater treatment: A special emphasis on occurrence and removal of pharmaceutically active compounds, resistant microorganisms, and SARS-CoV-2, J. of Environ. Chem. Eng., Vol. 9(2), 104812.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2020.104812

Maryam, B. and Büyükgüngör, H., 2019, Wastewater reclamation and reuse trends in Turkey: Opportunities and challenges, J. of Water Process. Eng., Vol. 30, 100501.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2017.10.001

Martinez, F.C., Salazar, A.D., Rojas, A.L., Rojas, R.L., and Sifuentes, A.C.U., 2012, Elimination of fecal coliforms in stabilization lagoons with different arrangements, Far East J. Appl. Math. Vol. 69, 87–110. Available online at: http://www.pphmj.com/journals/fjam.htm

Mara, D., 2013, Domestic wastewater treatment in developing countries, Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781849771023

Mathur, P. and Singh, S., 2022, Analyze mathematical model for optimization of anaerobic digestion for treatment of wastewater, Materials Today: Proceedings. Vol. 62 (8), 5575-5582.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.04.606

Merchán-Sanmartín, B., Aguilar-Aguilar, M., Morante-Carballo, F., Carrión-Mero, P., Guambaña-Palma, J., Mestanza-Solano, D. and Berrezueta, E., 2022, Design of Sewerage System and Wastewater Treatment in a Rural Sector: A Case Study, Planning, Vol. 17(1), 51-61.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.170105

Recio-Garrido, D., Kleiner, Y., Colombo, A. and Tartakovsky, B., 2018, Dynamic model of a municipal wastewater stabilization pond in the arctic, Water Res., Vol. 144, 444-453.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2018.07.052

Sperling, V. M., 2007, Waste stabilisation ponds. IWA publishing.

URI: http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31040

Tuik, “Belediye Su İstatistikleri, 2018.” Available. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Belediye-Su-Istatistikleri-2018-30668 (Accessed on January 26, 2022)

T.C. Cumhurbaşkanliği Mevzuat Bilgi Sistemi “Resmî Gazete Tarihi: 18.08.2010, Sayısı: 27676(Ek-1),”https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=14217&MevzuatTur=7&MevzuatTertip=5 (Accessed on January 20, 2022).