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Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 549 - 567, 26.06.2025

Jamilu Ya'u Muhammad

https://doi.org/10.58559/ijes.1626281

Abstract

References

  • [1] Delbeke, J. Artur, R.M. Yvon, S., Jake, W. The Paris Agreement. Towards a Climate-Neutral Europe: Curbing the Trend 2019; 24–45.
  • [2] Dombrovski, R. Managing Emerging Technologies for Socio-Economic Impact. Renewable Energy Policies for Eco-Innovation 2015.
  • [3] Uyar, T.S., Doğancan, B. Integration of Hydrogen Energy Systems into Renewable Energy Systems for Better Design of 100% Renewable Energy Communities. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2017; 42(4): 2453–2456.
  • [4] Jacobson, M.Z. et al., 100% Clean and Renewable Wind, Water, and Sunlight (WWS) All-Sector Energy Roadmaps for 53 Towns and Cities in North America. Sustainable Cities and Society 2018; 42: 22–37.
  • [5] Mao, G. Wang, S. Tenq, Q. Zuo, J. Tan, X. Wang, H. Liu, Z. The sustainable future of hydropower: A critical analysis of cooling units via the Theory of inventive problem solving and life cycle assessment methods. Journal of Cleaner Products 2017; 142(4): 2446–2453.
  • [6] Demarty, M. Bastien, J. GHG emissions from hydroelectric reservoirs in tropical and equatorial regions: Review of 20 years of CH4 emission measurements. Energy Policy 2011; 39: 4197–4206.
  • [7] Dursun, B. Gokcol, C. The role of hydroelectric power and contribution of small hydropower plants for sustainable development in Turkey. Renewable Energy 2011; 36(4): 1227–1235.
  • [8] ESHA. Guide on How to Develop a Small Hydropower Plant. 2004.
  • [9] Lafitte, R. World Hydro Power Potential. International Sustainable Energy Organization for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency 2014.
  • [10] A. Kumar, A. Schei, T. Ahenkorah, A. Caceres Rodriguez, R. Devernay, J.M. Freitas, M. Hall, D. Killingtveit, Ǻ. Liu, Z. Hydropower. IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York 2011.
  • [11] Okot, D.K. Review of small hydropower technology. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review 2013; 26: 515–520.
  • [12] Basso, S. Botter, G. Streamflow variability and optimal capacity of run-of-river hydropower plants. Water Resources Res. 2012; 48.
  • [13] Santolin, A. Cavazzini, G. Pavesi, G. Ardizzon, G. Rossetti, A. Techno-economical method for the capacity sizing of a small hydropower plant. Energy Conversion Management 2011; 52: 2533–254.
  • [14] Haddad, O.B. Moradi-Jalal, M. Marino, M.A. Design operation optimization of run-of-river power plants. Proceeding in Institute of Civil Engineering and Water Management 2011: 164: 463–475.
  • [15] Kumar, K. Saini, G. Rajvikram, E. Zafar, S. Vladimir, T. Effective monitoring of Pelton turbine based hydropower plants using data-driven approach. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 2023; 149: 109047. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2023.109047.
  • [16] Hosseini, S.M.H. Forouzbakhsh, F. Rahimpoor, M. Determination of the optimal installation capacity of small hydro-power plants through the use of technical, economic and reliability indices. Energy Policy 2005; 33: 1948–1956, 2005.
  • [17] Elbatran, A.H.A. Yaakob, O.B. Ahmed, Y.M. Experimental Investigation of a Hydraulic Turbine for Hydrokinetic Power Generation in Irrigation/Rainfall Channels. Journal of Marine Science and Application 2021; 20(1): 144-155. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11804-020-00152-4.
  • [18] Yu, L. Wu, X. Wu, S. Jia, B. Han, G. Xu, X. Dai, J. Zhang, Y. Wang, F. Yang, Q. Zhou, X. Multi-objective optimal operation of cascade hydropower plants considering ecological flow under different ecological conditions. Journal of Hydrology 2021; 601: 126599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126599.
  • [19] Banos, R. et al., Stochastic Optimization for Hydropower: A Review. Applied Energy 2021; 302: 117543.
  • [20] Jasper, A. Veysel, Y. A toolbox for the optimal design of run-of-river hydropower plants. Environmental Modeling Software 2019; 111: 134–152.
  • [21] Getachew, E. Miroslav, M. Juan, C. Franca, J. Optimization of Run-of-River Hydropower Plant Capacity. Water Power Dam Construction 2018; 1–10.
  • [22] Aliyu, A.S. Ramli, A.T. Saleh, M.A. Nigeria electricity crisis: Power generation capacity expansion and environmental ramifications. Energy 2013; 61: 354–367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2013.09.011
  • [23] Ibrahim, M. Imam, Y. Ghanem, A. Optimal Planning and Design of Run-of-river Hydroelectric Power Projects. Renewable Energy 2019; 141: 858–873.
  • [24] Mishra, S. Singal, K. Khatod, D. Cost Optimization of High Head Run of River Small Hydropower Projects. In Application of Geographical Information Systems and Soft Computation Techniques in Water and Water Based Renewable Energy Problems, Springer, Singapore 2018; 141–166.
  • [25] Chinyere, A. Obasih, R. Ojo, E. Okonkwo, C. Mafiana, E. Technical Details for the Design of a Penstock for Kuchigoro Small Hydro Project. American Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy 2017; 3: 27–35.
  • [26] Adejumobi, I. Shobayo, D. Optimal selection of hydraulic turbines for small hydroelectric power generation: A case study of Opeki river, South-Western Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Technology 2015; 34: 530–537.
  • [27] Munir, M. Shakir, A. Khan, M. Optimal Sizing of Low Head Hydropower Plant: A Case Study of Hydropower Project at Head of UCC (Lower) at Bambanwala. Pakistan Journal of Engineering and Applied Science 2015; 16: 73–83.
  • [28] Kumar, A. Singhal, M. Optimum Design of Penstock for Hydro Projects. International Journal of Energy Power Engineering 2015; 4: 216–226.
  • [29] Sangal, S. Garg, A. Kumar, D. Review of Optimal Selection of Turbines for Hydroelectric Projects. International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering 2013; 3: 424–430.
  • [30] Mishra, S. Singal, K. Khatod, D. A review on electromechanical equipment applicable to small hydropower plants. International Journal of Energy Resources 2012; 5: 553–571.
  • [31] Mishra, S. Singal, K. Khatod, D. Approach for Cost Determination of Electro-Mechanical Equipment in RoR Projects. Smart Grid and Renewable Energy 2011; 2: 63–67.
  • [32] Aggidis, G. Luchinskaya, E. Rothschild, R. Howard, D. The costs of small-scale hydro power production: Impact on the development of existing potential. Renewable Energy 2010; 35: 2632–2638.
  • [33] Singal, K. Saini, P. Raghuvanshi, S. Analysis for cost estimation of low head run-of-river small hydropower schemes. Energy and Sustainable Development 2010; 14: 117–126.
  • [34] Chawla, K.K. Composite Materials: Science and Engineering. 4th edition, Springer, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28983-6
  • [35] Motwani, K.H. Jain, S.V. Patel, R.N. Cost analysis of pump as turbine for pico hydropower plants: A case study. Procedia Engineering 2013; 51: 721–726.
  • [36] Banos, R. Manzano-Agugliaro, F. Montoya, F.G. Gil, C. Alcayde, A. Gomez, J. Optimization methods applied to renewable and sustainable energy: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review 2011; 15(4): 1753–1766.
  • [37] Khosrowpanah, S. Fiuzat, A. Albertson, M. Experimental study of cross flow turbine. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 1988; 114(3): 299–314.
  • [38] Bozorgi, A. Javidpour, E. Riasi, A. Nourbakhsh, A. Numerical and experimental study of using axial pump as turbine in pico-hydropower plants. Renewable Energy 2013; 53: 258–264.
  • [39] Khurana, S. Kumar, V. Kumar, A. The effect of nozzle angle on erosion and the performance of turgo impulse turbines. International Journal of Hydropower Dams 2013; 20: 97–101.
  • [40] Ramos, H.M. Simao, M. Borga, A. Experiments and CFD analyses for a new reaction micro hydro propeller with five blades. Journal of Energy Engineering 2013; 139: 109–117.
  • [41] Anagnostopoulos, J.S. Dimitris, E.P. A fast Lagrangian simulation method for flow analysis and runner design in Pelton turbines. Journal of Hydrodynamics 2012; 24(6): 930–941.
  • [42] Shimokawa, K. Furukawa, A. Okuma, K. Matsushita, D. Watanabe, S. Experimental study on simplification of Darrieus-type hydro turbine with inlet nozzle for extra-low head hydropower utilization. Renewable Energy 2012; 41: 376–382.
  • [43] Akinori, F. Watanabe, S. Matsushita, D. Okuma, K. Development of ducted Darrieus turbine for low head hydropower utilization. Current Applied Physics 2010; 10: S128–S132.
  • [44] Yassi, Y. Hashemloo, S. Improvement of the efficiency of the agnew micro-hydro turbine at part loads due to installing guide vanes mechanism. Energy Conversion and Management 2010; 51: 1970–1975.
  • [45] Cobb, B.R. Sharp, K.V. Impulse (Turgo and Pelton) turbine performance characteristics and their impact on pico-hydro installations. Renewable Energy 2013; 50: 959–964.
  • [46] Laghari, J.A. Mokhlis, H. Bakar, A.H.A. Mohammad, H. A comprehensive overview of new designs in the hydraulic, electrical equipment and controllers of mini hydro power plants making it cost effective technology. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review 2013; 20: 279–293.
  • [47] Pimnapat, I. Patib, T. Bhumkittipichc, K. Performance study of micro hydro turbine and PV for electricity generator, case study: Bunnasopit School, Thailand. 10th eco-energy and materials science and engineering (EMSES2012), Energy Proceeding 2013; 34: 235–242.
  • [48] Williamson, S.J. Stark, B.H. Booker, J.D. Low head pico hydro turbine selection using a multi-criteria analysis. Renewable Energy 2014; 61: 43–50.
  • [49] Williamson, S.J. Stark, B.H. Booker, J.D. Performance of a low-head pico-hydro turgo turbine. Applied Energy 2013; 102: 1114–1126.
  • [50] Elbatran, A.H. Yaakob, O.B. Ahmed, Y.M. Shabara, H.M. Operation, performance and economic analysis of low head micro-hydropower turbines for rural and remote areas: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review 2015; 43: 40–50.
  • [51] Yaakob, O.B. Ahmed, Y.M. Elbatran, A.H. Shabara, H.M. A review on micro hydro gravitational vortex power and turbine systems. Jurnal Teknologi (Science Engineering) 2014; 69(7): 1–7.
  • [52] Pigueron, Y. Dubas, M. Guide pour l’étude sommaire de petites centrales hydrauliques. Hes.so 2009.
  • [53] Ramos, H. Guidelines for Design of Small Hydropower Plants, Belfast, North Ireland. WREAN (Western Region Energy Agency Network) DED (Dep. Econ. Dev.) 2000.
  • [54] Parish, O. Fraenkel, P. Bokalders, V. Micro-Hydro Power: A Guide for Development Workers. Practical Action Publishing: Rugby, UK. 1991.
  • [55] IUCN, HNWCP Water management options for the Hadejia-Jama’are River Basin, 1999.
  • [56] The British Hydropower Association, A Guide to UK Mini-Hydro. 2018.
  • [57] Chen, J. Yang, H. Liu, C. Lau, C. Lo, M. A novel vertical axis water turbine for power generation from water pipelines. Energy 2013; 54: 184–193.
  • [58] MATLAB Simulink-MathWorks Nordic, Optimization Toolbox. 2023.

Optimal sizing of small hydroelectric power plant: a case study of Challawa Gorge dam, Kano state

Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 549 - 567, 26.06.2025

Jamilu Ya'u Muhammad

https://doi.org/10.58559/ijes.1626281

Abstract

Hydropower remains a cornerstone of renewable energy, yet small-scale plants in developing regions often underperform due to suboptimal design and outdated optimization approaches. This study addresses these limitations by developing a novel dual-objective optimization framework for the Challawa Gorge Dam in Kano State, Nigeria, leveraging Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) to simultaneously maximize power output and minimize water consumption. Using MATLAB-based simulations integrated with Monte Carlo flow analysis, we optimize penstock design, turbine selection, and operational parameters under real-world constraints (cavitation index σ > 0.12, surge pressure < 5% gross head). Our results demonstrate a 19.8% increase in power generation (5.73 MW achieved) alongside a 12.1% reduction in water usage (8.79 m3/s), outperforming conventional Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) methods by 15.3% in efficiency. This work provides both a technical roadmap for sustainable hydropower expansion and actionable insights for policymakers targeting Nigeria’s 2030 renewable energy goals.

Keywords

Energy Greenhouse Gas Hydropower Optimal Zero-emission

References

  • [1] Delbeke, J. Artur, R.M. Yvon, S., Jake, W. The Paris Agreement. Towards a Climate-Neutral Europe: Curbing the Trend 2019; 24–45.
  • [2] Dombrovski, R. Managing Emerging Technologies for Socio-Economic Impact. Renewable Energy Policies for Eco-Innovation 2015.
  • [3] Uyar, T.S., Doğancan, B. Integration of Hydrogen Energy Systems into Renewable Energy Systems for Better Design of 100% Renewable Energy Communities. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2017; 42(4): 2453–2456.
  • [4] Jacobson, M.Z. et al., 100% Clean and Renewable Wind, Water, and Sunlight (WWS) All-Sector Energy Roadmaps for 53 Towns and Cities in North America. Sustainable Cities and Society 2018; 42: 22–37.
  • [5] Mao, G. Wang, S. Tenq, Q. Zuo, J. Tan, X. Wang, H. Liu, Z. The sustainable future of hydropower: A critical analysis of cooling units via the Theory of inventive problem solving and life cycle assessment methods. Journal of Cleaner Products 2017; 142(4): 2446–2453.
  • [6] Demarty, M. Bastien, J. GHG emissions from hydroelectric reservoirs in tropical and equatorial regions: Review of 20 years of CH4 emission measurements. Energy Policy 2011; 39: 4197–4206.
  • [7] Dursun, B. Gokcol, C. The role of hydroelectric power and contribution of small hydropower plants for sustainable development in Turkey. Renewable Energy 2011; 36(4): 1227–1235.
  • [8] ESHA. Guide on How to Develop a Small Hydropower Plant. 2004.
  • [9] Lafitte, R. World Hydro Power Potential. International Sustainable Energy Organization for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency 2014.
  • [10] A. Kumar, A. Schei, T. Ahenkorah, A. Caceres Rodriguez, R. Devernay, J.M. Freitas, M. Hall, D. Killingtveit, Ǻ. Liu, Z. Hydropower. IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York 2011.
  • [11] Okot, D.K. Review of small hydropower technology. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review 2013; 26: 515–520.
  • [12] Basso, S. Botter, G. Streamflow variability and optimal capacity of run-of-river hydropower plants. Water Resources Res. 2012; 48.
  • [13] Santolin, A. Cavazzini, G. Pavesi, G. Ardizzon, G. Rossetti, A. Techno-economical method for the capacity sizing of a small hydropower plant. Energy Conversion Management 2011; 52: 2533–254.
  • [14] Haddad, O.B. Moradi-Jalal, M. Marino, M.A. Design operation optimization of run-of-river power plants. Proceeding in Institute of Civil Engineering and Water Management 2011: 164: 463–475.
  • [15] Kumar, K. Saini, G. Rajvikram, E. Zafar, S. Vladimir, T. Effective monitoring of Pelton turbine based hydropower plants using data-driven approach. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 2023; 149: 109047. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2023.109047.
  • [16] Hosseini, S.M.H. Forouzbakhsh, F. Rahimpoor, M. Determination of the optimal installation capacity of small hydro-power plants through the use of technical, economic and reliability indices. Energy Policy 2005; 33: 1948–1956, 2005.
  • [17] Elbatran, A.H.A. Yaakob, O.B. Ahmed, Y.M. Experimental Investigation of a Hydraulic Turbine for Hydrokinetic Power Generation in Irrigation/Rainfall Channels. Journal of Marine Science and Application 2021; 20(1): 144-155. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11804-020-00152-4.
  • [18] Yu, L. Wu, X. Wu, S. Jia, B. Han, G. Xu, X. Dai, J. Zhang, Y. Wang, F. Yang, Q. Zhou, X. Multi-objective optimal operation of cascade hydropower plants considering ecological flow under different ecological conditions. Journal of Hydrology 2021; 601: 126599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126599.
  • [19] Banos, R. et al., Stochastic Optimization for Hydropower: A Review. Applied Energy 2021; 302: 117543.
  • [20] Jasper, A. Veysel, Y. A toolbox for the optimal design of run-of-river hydropower plants. Environmental Modeling Software 2019; 111: 134–152.
  • [21] Getachew, E. Miroslav, M. Juan, C. Franca, J. Optimization of Run-of-River Hydropower Plant Capacity. Water Power Dam Construction 2018; 1–10.
  • [22] Aliyu, A.S. Ramli, A.T. Saleh, M.A. Nigeria electricity crisis: Power generation capacity expansion and environmental ramifications. Energy 2013; 61: 354–367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2013.09.011
  • [23] Ibrahim, M. Imam, Y. Ghanem, A. Optimal Planning and Design of Run-of-river Hydroelectric Power Projects. Renewable Energy 2019; 141: 858–873.
  • [24] Mishra, S. Singal, K. Khatod, D. Cost Optimization of High Head Run of River Small Hydropower Projects. In Application of Geographical Information Systems and Soft Computation Techniques in Water and Water Based Renewable Energy Problems, Springer, Singapore 2018; 141–166.
  • [25] Chinyere, A. Obasih, R. Ojo, E. Okonkwo, C. Mafiana, E. Technical Details for the Design of a Penstock for Kuchigoro Small Hydro Project. American Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy 2017; 3: 27–35.
  • [26] Adejumobi, I. Shobayo, D. Optimal selection of hydraulic turbines for small hydroelectric power generation: A case study of Opeki river, South-Western Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Technology 2015; 34: 530–537.
  • [27] Munir, M. Shakir, A. Khan, M. Optimal Sizing of Low Head Hydropower Plant: A Case Study of Hydropower Project at Head of UCC (Lower) at Bambanwala. Pakistan Journal of Engineering and Applied Science 2015; 16: 73–83.
  • [28] Kumar, A. Singhal, M. Optimum Design of Penstock for Hydro Projects. International Journal of Energy Power Engineering 2015; 4: 216–226.
  • [29] Sangal, S. Garg, A. Kumar, D. Review of Optimal Selection of Turbines for Hydroelectric Projects. International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering 2013; 3: 424–430.
  • [30] Mishra, S. Singal, K. Khatod, D. A review on electromechanical equipment applicable to small hydropower plants. International Journal of Energy Resources 2012; 5: 553–571.
  • [31] Mishra, S. Singal, K. Khatod, D. Approach for Cost Determination of Electro-Mechanical Equipment in RoR Projects. Smart Grid and Renewable Energy 2011; 2: 63–67.
  • [32] Aggidis, G. Luchinskaya, E. Rothschild, R. Howard, D. The costs of small-scale hydro power production: Impact on the development of existing potential. Renewable Energy 2010; 35: 2632–2638.
  • [33] Singal, K. Saini, P. Raghuvanshi, S. Analysis for cost estimation of low head run-of-river small hydropower schemes. Energy and Sustainable Development 2010; 14: 117–126.
  • [34] Chawla, K.K. Composite Materials: Science and Engineering. 4th edition, Springer, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28983-6
  • [35] Motwani, K.H. Jain, S.V. Patel, R.N. Cost analysis of pump as turbine for pico hydropower plants: A case study. Procedia Engineering 2013; 51: 721–726.
  • [36] Banos, R. Manzano-Agugliaro, F. Montoya, F.G. Gil, C. Alcayde, A. Gomez, J. Optimization methods applied to renewable and sustainable energy: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review 2011; 15(4): 1753–1766.
  • [37] Khosrowpanah, S. Fiuzat, A. Albertson, M. Experimental study of cross flow turbine. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 1988; 114(3): 299–314.
  • [38] Bozorgi, A. Javidpour, E. Riasi, A. Nourbakhsh, A. Numerical and experimental study of using axial pump as turbine in pico-hydropower plants. Renewable Energy 2013; 53: 258–264.
  • [39] Khurana, S. Kumar, V. Kumar, A. The effect of nozzle angle on erosion and the performance of turgo impulse turbines. International Journal of Hydropower Dams 2013; 20: 97–101.
  • [40] Ramos, H.M. Simao, M. Borga, A. Experiments and CFD analyses for a new reaction micro hydro propeller with five blades. Journal of Energy Engineering 2013; 139: 109–117.
  • [41] Anagnostopoulos, J.S. Dimitris, E.P. A fast Lagrangian simulation method for flow analysis and runner design in Pelton turbines. Journal of Hydrodynamics 2012; 24(6): 930–941.
  • [42] Shimokawa, K. Furukawa, A. Okuma, K. Matsushita, D. Watanabe, S. Experimental study on simplification of Darrieus-type hydro turbine with inlet nozzle for extra-low head hydropower utilization. Renewable Energy 2012; 41: 376–382.
  • [43] Akinori, F. Watanabe, S. Matsushita, D. Okuma, K. Development of ducted Darrieus turbine for low head hydropower utilization. Current Applied Physics 2010; 10: S128–S132.
  • [44] Yassi, Y. Hashemloo, S. Improvement of the efficiency of the agnew micro-hydro turbine at part loads due to installing guide vanes mechanism. Energy Conversion and Management 2010; 51: 1970–1975.
  • [45] Cobb, B.R. Sharp, K.V. Impulse (Turgo and Pelton) turbine performance characteristics and their impact on pico-hydro installations. Renewable Energy 2013; 50: 959–964.
  • [46] Laghari, J.A. Mokhlis, H. Bakar, A.H.A. Mohammad, H. A comprehensive overview of new designs in the hydraulic, electrical equipment and controllers of mini hydro power plants making it cost effective technology. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review 2013; 20: 279–293.
  • [47] Pimnapat, I. Patib, T. Bhumkittipichc, K. Performance study of micro hydro turbine and PV for electricity generator, case study: Bunnasopit School, Thailand. 10th eco-energy and materials science and engineering (EMSES2012), Energy Proceeding 2013; 34: 235–242.
  • [48] Williamson, S.J. Stark, B.H. Booker, J.D. Low head pico hydro turbine selection using a multi-criteria analysis. Renewable Energy 2014; 61: 43–50.
  • [49] Williamson, S.J. Stark, B.H. Booker, J.D. Performance of a low-head pico-hydro turgo turbine. Applied Energy 2013; 102: 1114–1126.
  • [50] Elbatran, A.H. Yaakob, O.B. Ahmed, Y.M. Shabara, H.M. Operation, performance and economic analysis of low head micro-hydropower turbines for rural and remote areas: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review 2015; 43: 40–50.
  • [51] Yaakob, O.B. Ahmed, Y.M. Elbatran, A.H. Shabara, H.M. A review on micro hydro gravitational vortex power and turbine systems. Jurnal Teknologi (Science Engineering) 2014; 69(7): 1–7.
  • [52] Pigueron, Y. Dubas, M. Guide pour l’étude sommaire de petites centrales hydrauliques. Hes.so 2009.
  • [53] Ramos, H. Guidelines for Design of Small Hydropower Plants, Belfast, North Ireland. WREAN (Western Region Energy Agency Network) DED (Dep. Econ. Dev.) 2000.
  • [54] Parish, O. Fraenkel, P. Bokalders, V. Micro-Hydro Power: A Guide for Development Workers. Practical Action Publishing: Rugby, UK. 1991.
  • [55] IUCN, HNWCP Water management options for the Hadejia-Jama’are River Basin, 1999.
  • [56] The British Hydropower Association, A Guide to UK Mini-Hydro. 2018.
  • [57] Chen, J. Yang, H. Liu, C. Lau, C. Lo, M. A novel vertical axis water turbine for power generation from water pipelines. Energy 2013; 54: 184–193.
  • [58] MATLAB Simulink-MathWorks Nordic, Optimization Toolbox. 2023.
There are 58 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Hydroelectric Energy Systems
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Jamilu Ya'u Muhammad 0000-0002-7627-672X

Publication Date June 26, 2025
Submission Date January 24, 2025
Acceptance Date May 30, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 10 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Muhammad, J. Y. (2025). Optimal sizing of small hydroelectric power plant: a case study of Challawa Gorge dam, Kano state. International Journal of Energy Studies, 10(2), 549-567. https://doi.org/10.58559/ijes.1626281
AMA Muhammad JY. Optimal sizing of small hydroelectric power plant: a case study of Challawa Gorge dam, Kano state. Int J Energy Studies. June 2025;10(2):549-567. doi:10.58559/ijes.1626281
Chicago Muhammad, Jamilu Ya’u. “Optimal Sizing of Small Hydroelectric Power Plant: A Case Study of Challawa Gorge Dam, Kano State”. International Journal of Energy Studies 10, no. 2 (June 2025): 549-67. https://doi.org/10.58559/ijes.1626281.
EndNote Muhammad JY (June 1, 2025) Optimal sizing of small hydroelectric power plant: a case study of Challawa Gorge dam, Kano state. International Journal of Energy Studies 10 2 549–567.
IEEE J. Y. Muhammad, “Optimal sizing of small hydroelectric power plant: a case study of Challawa Gorge dam, Kano state”, Int J Energy Studies, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 549–567, 2025, doi: 10.58559/ijes.1626281.
ISNAD Muhammad, Jamilu Ya’u. “Optimal Sizing of Small Hydroelectric Power Plant: A Case Study of Challawa Gorge Dam, Kano State”. International Journal of Energy Studies 10/2 (June2025), 549-567. https://doi.org/10.58559/ijes.1626281.
JAMA Muhammad JY. Optimal sizing of small hydroelectric power plant: a case study of Challawa Gorge dam, Kano state. Int J Energy Studies. 2025;10:549–567.
MLA Muhammad, Jamilu Ya’u. “Optimal Sizing of Small Hydroelectric Power Plant: A Case Study of Challawa Gorge Dam, Kano State”. International Journal of Energy Studies, vol. 10, no. 2, 2025, pp. 549-67, doi:10.58559/ijes.1626281.
Vancouver Muhammad JY. Optimal sizing of small hydroelectric power plant: a case study of Challawa Gorge dam, Kano state. Int J Energy Studies. 2025;10(2):549-67.
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