ijesa

International Journal of Engineering Science and Application

2548-1185 2587-2176

Nisantasi University

Acoustics and Noise Control (Excl. Architectural Acoustics) Manufacturing Safety and Quality

Akustik ve Gürültü Kontrolü (Mimari Akustik hariç) İmalat Güvenliği ve Kalite

ASSESSMENT OF VIBRATION AND NOISE LEVELS GENERATED IN THE STEPS INVOLVED IN THE MECHANIZED RICE PROCESSING OPERATIONS

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2373-1477

Azodo

Adinife

Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta

03 31 2024

8 1 1 13 06 02 2023 03 14 2024

2016

International Journal of Engineering Science and Application

The mechanization of rice processing operations to improve quality and quantity uses machines that emit noise and vibration, the intensity of which can be determined by measuring devices for a safe working environment. In this study, the mechanized processing operations in a rice processing plant were assessed in terms of noise and vibration generated at selected production points and the possibility of worker induction of noise and vibration generated in the rice factory. The data obtained for this study was through the instrumentation of a tape measure, stopwatch (Model XL-013), sound level meter (SLM-25) and vibration meter (WT 63A) from the seven mechanized operations in the rice plant is, including cleaning, steaming, drying, milling, separating, de-stoning and polishing. The results showed that the steaming processing operation has the highest idle (85.2 ± 0.15 dBA) and production (88.5 ± 0.92 dBA) noise level. Milling has the lowest idle noise level (76.20 ± 0.17 dBA), while polishing has the lowest production noise level with a value of 78.53 ± 0.36 dBA. Steaming process operation generated the highest vibration level (6.13 ± 0.10 (m/s²)), while the lowest was milling (2.40 ± 0.24 (m/s²)). An analysis of variance test used to compare the noise and vibration of the mechanized processing operations in a rice processing plant showed that the emitted noise and vibration levels were attributes of the machine and the process involved, and differed significantly (p < 0.05). The results showed that workers are at risk as the measured noise and vibration levels exceeded the allowable limit. Safety measures such as reducing workers' working hours and using personal protective equipment are encouraged.

vibration rice processing operations noise levels rice processing plant mechanized

[1] I. J. Tiemessen, C. T. Hulshof, and M. H. Frings-Dresen, “An overview of strategies to reduce whole-body vibration exposure on drivers: A systematic review.” International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 245-256, 2007, doi: 10.1016/j.ergon.2006.10.021.

[2] M. H. Noweir and M. A. Zytoon, “Occupational exposure to noise and hearing thresholds among civilian aircraft maintenance workers.” International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, vol. 43, no. 6, pp. 495-502, 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.ergon.2013.04.001.

[3] S. A. Anjorin, A. O. Jemiluyi, and T. C. Akintayo, “Evaluation of Industrial Noise: A Case Study of Two Nigerian Industries.” European Journal of Engineering and Technology, vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 59-68, 2015, doi: 10.15192/pscp.asr.2015.12.2.5968.

[4] A. Shrestha and M. Shiqi, “Occupational Noise Exposure in Relation to Hypertension: A Cross-sectional Study in the Steel Factory.” Occupational Medicine & Health Affairs, vol. 5, pp. 1-10, 2017, doi: 10.4172/2329-6879.1000266. [Online]. Available: https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:55092271.

[5] W. Temitope Shehu, H. Olawale Sawyerr, and M. Liman Ibrahim, “Occupation Noise Exposure and Hearing Impairment among Grain Millers in Ita-Amo Market, Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria.” Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research, vol. 31, no. 11, pp. 1-10, 2020, doi: 10.9734/jammr/2019/v31i1130332.

[6] A. Haruna and M. Agu, “Simulation of Levels of Noise Generated by Local Grinding Machnies Within the Community (A Case Study of Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria).” Science and Technology, vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 146-151, 2012, doi: 10.5923/j.scit.20120206.01.

[7] A. P. Cann, A. W. Salmoni, P. Vi, and T. R. Eger, “An Exploratory Study of Whole-Body Vibration Exposure and Dose While Operating Heavy Equipment in the Construction Industry.” Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, vol. 18, no. 12, pp. 999-1005, 2003, doi: 10.1080/715717338.

[8] A. Gosar, I. Emri, J. Klemenc, M. Nagode, and S. Oman, “On the Vibration-Damping Properties of the Prestressed Polyurethane Granular Material.” Polymers, vol. 15, no. 5, p. 1299, 2023, doi: 10.3390/polym15051299.

[9] X. Wang, “Vehicle Noise and Vibration Refinement,” in Vehicle Noise and Vibration Refinement, India: Woodhead Publishing, 2010, pp. 68-92.

[10] A. P. Azodo and S. B. Adejuyigbe, “Examination of noise pollution from generators on Obantoko residents.” Asian Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 31-41, Mar. 2013. [Online]. Available: https://journals.iqra.edu.pk/AJEST/Issue1-13/Article3/AJEST3106.pdf.

[11] M. Futatsuka, S. Maeda, T. Inaoka, M. Nagano, M. Shono, and T. Miyakita, “Whole-body vibration and health effects in the agricultural machinery drivers.” Industrial Health, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 127-132, 1998, doi: 10.2486/indhealth.36.127.

[12] K. Kawanabe, A. Kawashima, I. Sashimoto, T. Takeda, Y. Sato, and J. Iwamoto, “Effect of whole-body vibration exercise and muscle strengthening, balance, and walking exercises on walking ability in the elderly.” The Keio Journal of Medicine, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 28-33, 2007, doi: 10.2302/kjm.56.28.

[13] D. Monarca, P. Biondi, M. Cecchini, M. Santi, M. Guerrieri, A. Colantoni, F. Colopardi, “Transmission of vibrations from portable agricultural machinery to the Hand-Arm System (HAV): risk assessment and definition of exposure time for daily action and exposure limits.” International Conference: September, 2008.

[14] P. Tint, G. Tarmas, T. Koppel, K. Reinhold, and S. Kalle, “Vibration and noise caused by lawn maintenance machines in association with risk to health.” Agronomy Research Biosystem Engineering, no. 1, pp. 251-260, 2012.

[15] M. P. Norton and D. G. Karczub, Fundamentals of Noise and Vibration Analysis for Engineers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.

[16] B. E. Okah-Avae, The Science of Industrial Machinery and Systems Maintenance. Nigeria: Spectrum Books Ltd. Lagos, 1996.

[17] S. Rinawati, “Monitoring of Noise Contour Mapping and Hearing Conservation Program of Rice Milling Workers in Griyan Karanganyar.” E3S Web of Conferences, vol. 202, p. 15013, 2020, doi: 10.1051/e3sconf/202020215013.

[18] S. Rinawati, “Monitoring of Noise Contour Mapping and Hearing Conservation Program of Rice Milling Workers in Griyan Karanganyar.” E3S Web of Conferences, vol. 202, p. 15013, 2020, doi: 10.1051/e3sconf/202020215013.

[19] United States Environmental Protection Agency, “Noise Effects Handbook: A Desk Reference to Health and Welfare Effects of Noise,” EPA 550-9-82-106; National Association of Noise Control Officials: West Windsor, NJ, USA, 1981..

[20] V. Siskova and M. Juricka, “The effect of sound on job performance.” 2013 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, pp. 1679-1683, Dec. 2013, doi: 10.1109/ieem.2013.6962696.

[21] E. Kadam, Vibration characterization and numerical modeling of a pneumatic impact hammer. Masters dissertation Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 2006.

[22] D. Rempel, A. Antonucci, A. Barr, M. R. Cooper, B. Martin, and R. L. Neitzel, “Pneumatic rock drill vs. electric rotary hammer drill: Productivity, vibration, dust, and noise when drilling into concrete.” Applied Ergonomics, vol. 74, pp. 31-36, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2018.08.005.

[23] A. M. S. Thompson, R. House, K. Krajnak, and T. Eger, “Vibration-white foot: a case report.” Occupational Medicine, vol. 60, no. 7, pp. 572-574, 2010, doi: 10.1093/occmed/kqq107.

[24] R. House, D. Jiang, A. Thompson, T. Eger, K. Krajnak, J. Sauve, and M. Schweigert, “Vasospasm in the feet in workers assessed for HAVS.” Occupational Medicine, vol. 61, no. 2, pp. 115-120, 2010, doi: 10.1093/occmed/kqq191.

[25] T. Eger, A. Thompson, M. Leduc, K. Krajnak, K., Goggins, A., Godwin, and R. House, “Vibration induced white-feet: Overview and field study of vibration exposure and reported symptoms in workers.” Work, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 101-110, 2014, doi: 10.3233/wor-131692.

[26] M. Piri, R. Mikaeil, H. Hashemolhosseini, A. Baghbanan, and M. Ataei, “Study of the effect of drill bits hardness, drilling machine operating parameters and rock mechanical parameters on noise level in hard rock drilling process.” Measurement, vol. 167, p. 108447, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.measurement.2020.108447.

[27] Y. Chen, W. Zhang, L. Dong, K. Cengiz, and A. Sharma, “Study on vibration and noise influence for optimization of garden mower.” Nonlinear Engineering, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 428-435, 2021, doi: 10.1515/nleng-2021-0034.

[28] National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, NIOSH, “Criteria for a recommended standard occupational noise exposure, revised criteria 1998.” Government Printing Office; Cincinnati, OH: 1998. (DHHS [NIOSH] Publication No. 98-126), 1998, doi: 10.26616/nioshpub98126.

[29] R. Mikaeil, M. Piri, S. S. Haghshenas, N. Careddu, and H. Hashemolhosseini, “An experimental-intelligent method to predict noise value of drilling in dimension stone industry.’ Journal of Mining and Environment (JME) vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 693-713, 2022.

[30] Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) (2004). Rice. Available on www.fao.org/rice2004/en/rice2.html) Accessed on May 20, 2023.

[31] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), “The state of food and agriculture leverage food systems for inclusive rural transformation.” 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.fao.org/3/I7850e/I7850e.pdf.

[32] N. Rahman, B. K. Borah, T. Nath, S. Hazarika, S. Singh, and A. R. Baruah, “Effective microbiocidal activity of Ocimum sanctum L. and Ocimum gratissimum L. extracts.” Annals of Phytomedicine: An International Journal, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 578-581, 2021, doi: 10.21276/ap.2021.10.2.55.

[33] A. Oguntade, “Assessment of protection and comparative advantage in rice processing in Nigeria.” African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 4632-4646, 2011, doi: 10.4314/ajfand.v11i2.65918.

[34] International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). “The Rice Plant and How it Grows.” 2014. knowledgebank.irri.org (accessed: Sep. 17, 2023).

[35] A. Amos, “Sad sorry tale of Otukpo Mill.” Nation Newspaper, 2016. [Online]. Available: thenationaonlineng.net/sad-sorry-talc-otukpomill. (accessed: May 23, 2023)

[36] N. Ogbuinya and B. Ohuruogu, “Analytical review of occupational health problems among rice mill workers: the role of health education.” Nigerian Journal of Health Promotion, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 169-173, 2017.

[37] World Rice Statistics (WRS) IRRI. “IRRI: World Rice Statistics Database.” 2006. https://www.irri.org/ (accessed: May 20, 2023).

[38] P. Dhankhar, M. Tech, and T. Hissar, “Rice milling.” IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN), vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 34-42, 2014.

[39] G. Prasanna Kumar, K. Dewangan, A. Sarkar, A. Kumari, and B. Kar, “Occupational noise in rice mills.” Noise and Health, vol. 10, no. 39, pp. 55-67, 2008, doi: 10.4103/1463-1741.40824.

[40] C. O. Okoye, and C. O. Irem, “Rice milling in Amagu community of Ebonyi State: health and economic implications.” Tropical Built Environment Journal, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 51-60, 2019.

[41] A. P. Azodo, C. Onwubalili, and T. C. Mezue, “Assessment of Observed Building Structure Setback of Shops along an Arterial Road and Noise Intrusion Level.” Journal of Engineering, vol. 25, no. 12, pp. 62-71, 2019, doi: 10.31026/j.eng.2019.12.05.

[42] G. Prasanna Kumar, K. Dewangan, and A. Sarkar, “Noise exposure in oil mills.” Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 23-28, 2008, doi: 10.4103/0019-5278.40812.

[43] K. Reinhold and P. Tint, “Hazard profile in manufacturing: determination of risk levels towards enhancing the workplace safety.” Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 69-80, 2009, doi: 10.3846/1648-6897.2009.17.69-80.