<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>ijesa</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>International Journal of Engineering Science and Application</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">2548-1185</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2587-2176</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Nisantasi University</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id/>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Engineering</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Mühendislik</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>SIMULATION OF AIR‐GASIFICATION OF WOOD WASTES USING ASPEN PLUS</article-title>
                                                                                                                                        </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6664-551X</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Akhator</surname>
                                    <given-names>Peter</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>University of Benin</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0490-988X</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Asibor</surname>
                                    <given-names>Jude</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>Cranfield University</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20210930">
                    <day>09</day>
                    <month>30</month>
                    <year>2021</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>5</volume>
                                        <issue>3</issue>
                                        <fpage>86</fpage>
                                        <lpage>97</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20210729">
                        <day>07</day>
                        <month>29</month>
                        <year>2021</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20210930">
                        <day>09</day>
                        <month>30</month>
                        <year>2021</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2016, International Journal of Engineering Science and Application</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>International Journal of Engineering Science and Application</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>A thermodynamic equilibrium model for air‐gasification of wood wastes in fixed-bed downdraft gasifier was developed using Aspen (Advanced System for Process Engineering) Plus based on minimisation of Gibbs free energy. The synthesis gas (syngas) composition predicted by the model was found to be in fair agreement with measured syngas composition from experiments with similar gasifier type and biomass. The validated model was used to carry out sensitivity analysis to study the effect of gasifier temperatures, air-fuel ratios and wood waste moisture levels on syngas quality (composition and energy content). The various parameters investigated were observed to affect the syngas quality significantly.</p></abstract>
                                                                                    
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Biomass</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  equilibrium model</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  gasification</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  syngas</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  wood wastes</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                                                                                                    </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[1] K.G. Mansaray, A.M. Al-Taweel, A.E. Ghaly, F. Hamdullahpur, and V.I. Ugursal,	“Mathematical modeling of a fluidized-bed rice husk gasifier: Part I Model Development”, 	Energy Sources, vol. 22, pp. 83–98, 2000a</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[2] K.G. Mansaray, A.M. Al-Taweel, A.E. Ghaly, F. Hamdullahpur, and V.I. Ugursal,	“Mathematical modeling of a fluidized-bed rice husk gasifier: Part II Model Sensitivity”, 	Energy Sources, vol. 22, pp. 167-185, 2000b.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[3] K.G. Mansaray, A.M. Al-Taweel, A.E. Ghaly, F. Hamdullahpur, and V.I. Ugursal,	“Mathematical modeling of a fluidized-bed rice husk gasifier: Part III Model Verification” 	Energy Sources, vol. 22, pp.281-296, 2000c</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[4] P. Mathieu, and R. Dubuisson, “Performance analysis of a biomass gasifier”, Energy 	Conversion and Management, vol. 43, pp. 1291-99, 2002.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[5] N.R. Mitta, S. Ferrer-Nadal, A.M. Lazovic, J.F. Perales, E. Velo, and L. Puigjaner, 	“Modelling and simulation of a tyre gasification plant for synthesis gas production” 	Proceedings of 16th European Symposium on Computed Aided Process Engineering and 	9th International Symposium on Process Systems Engineering, Garmisch-	Partenkirchen, 	Germany, pp. 1771-76, July 2006.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[6] M.B. Nikoo, and N. Mahinpey, “Simulation of biomass gasification in fluidized bed reactor 	using ASPEN 	PLUS”, Biomass and Bioenergy, vol. 32, pp. 1245 – 1254, 2008.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[7] I. Hannula, and E. Kurkela, “A semi-empirical model for pressurised air-blown 	fluidised-bed 	gasification of biomass”, Bioresource Technology, vol. 101, pp. 4608 – 	4615, 2010.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[8] N. Ramzan, A. Ashraf, S. Naveed, and A. Malik, “Simulation of hybrid biomass 	gasification using Aspen Plus: A comparative performance analysis of food, municipal		 solid and poultry waste”, Biomass and Bioenergy, vol. 35, pp. 3962 – 3969, 2011</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[9] A. Mavukwana, K. Jalama, F. Ntuli, and K. Harding, “Simulation of sugarcane 	bagasse gasification using Aspen Plus”, International Conference on Chemical and 	Environmental Engineering, Johannesburg, pp. 70-74, 15-16 April 2013.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[10] P.C. Kuo, W. Wu, and W.H. Chen, “Gasification performances of raw and torrefied		biomass in a downdraft fixed bed gasifier using thermodynamic analysis”, Fuel vol. 117, 	pp. 1231-1241, 2014.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[11] C. Chen, Y.Q. Jin, J.H. Yan, and Y. Chi, “Simulation of municipal solid waste gasification in 	two different types of fixed bed reactors”, Fuel, vol. 103, pp. 58–63, 2013</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[12] Z.A. Zainal, R. Ali, C.H. Lean, and K.N. Seetharamu, “Prediction of performance of 	a downdraft gasifier using equilibrium modeling for different biomass materials”, Energy 	Conversion and Management, vol. 42, pp. 1499-1515, 2001.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[13] J.K. Ratnadhariya, and S.A. Channiwala, “Three zone equilibrium and kinetic free 	modelling of biomass gasifier: a novel approach”, Renewable Energy, vol. 34, pp. 1050 – 	1058, 2009).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[14] A. Faaij, R. van Ree, L.Waldheim, E. Olsson, A. Oudhuis, A. van Wijk, C. Daey-Ouwens, 	C. and 	W. Turkenburg, “Gasification of biomass wastes and residues for 	electricity 	production”, Biomass and Bioenergy, vol. 12, pp. 387 – 407, 1997.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[15] H.M. Yan, and V. Rudolph, “Modelling a compartmented fluidized bed coal gasifier 	process using ASPEN PLUS” Chemical Engineering Communication, vol. 183, pp. 1–38, 2000.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[16] M. Sudiro, C. Zanella, L. Bressan, M. Fontana, and A. Bertucco, “Synthetic Natural 	Gas 	(SNG) from petcoke: model development and simulation”, The 9th International 	Conference on Chemical and Process Engineering (ICheaP-9), Rome, Italy, pp. 10-13, May 	2009.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[17] F. Paviet, F. Chazarenc, and M. Tazerout, “Thermochemical equilibrium modelling of a 	biomass gasifying process using Aspen Plus, International Journal of Chemical 	Reactor Engineering, vol. 7, A40, 2009</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[18] W. Doherty, A. Reynolds, and D. Kennedy, “The effect of air preheating in a 	biomass CFB 	gasifier using ASPEN Plus simulation”, Biomass Bioenergy, Vol. 33, 	pp. 1158 – 1167, 2009.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[19] W. Doherty, A. Reynolds, and D. Kennedy, “Simulation of a Circulating Fluidised 	Bed 	Biomass Gasifier Using ASPEN Plus - A Performance Analysis”, Proceedings of the 21st 	International Conference on 	Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation and 	Environmental Impact of Energy Systems, Krakow, Poland, pp. 24-27 June 2008.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[20] S. Michailos, and A. Zabaniotou, “Simulation of Olive Kernel Gasification in a Bubbling 	Fluidized Bed Pilot Scale Reactor”, Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 43, pp. 	1291–	1299, 2002.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[21] A. Kumar, H. Noureddini, Y. Demirel, D.D. Jones, and M.A. Hanna, “Simulation of corn 	stover and distillers grains gasification with  Aspen Plus”, Trans. ASABE, vol. 52, pp. 	1989–1995, 2009.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[22] P.E. Akhator, A.I. Obanor, E.G. Sadjere, Design and development of a small-scale biomass 	downdraft gasifier, Nigerian Journey of Technology, vol. 38, pp.  922 – 930, 2019.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[23] S. Begum, M. Rasul, and D. Akbar, “A numerical investigation of municipal solid 	waste 	gasification using Aspen Plus”, Procedia Engineering, vol. 90, pp. 710 – 717, 2014.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[24] O. Pardo-Planas, H.K. Atiyeh, J.R. Phillips, C.P. Aichele, and S. Mohammad, 	“Process simulation of ethanol production from biomass gasification and syngas 	fermentation”, Bioresource Technology, vol. 245, pp. 925 – 932, 2017.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref25">
                        <label>25</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[25] M.S. Eikeland, R. Thapa, and B. Halvorsen, “Aspen Plus simulation of biomass 	gasification with known reaction kinetic”, Proceedings of the 56th Conference on 	Simulation and modeling, Linköping, pp. 149-156, 7-9 October 2015.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref26">
                        <label>26</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[26] M.S. Eikeland, and R.K. Thapa, “Stepwise analysis of gasification reactions with Aspen 	Plus and CPFD”, International Journal of Energy Production and Management, vol. 2, 	pp. 70-80, 2017.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref27">
                        <label>27</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[27] R. Guruprasad, T. Renganathan, and S. Pushpavanam, “Generalized Thermodynamic   	Analysis of high pressure air blown gasifier”, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 	Research, vol. 53, pp. 18750-18760, 2014.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref28">
                        <label>28</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[28] M. Formica, S. Frigo, and R. Gabbrielli, “Development of a new steady state zero- 	dimensional simulation model for woody biomass gasification in a full scale plant”, 	Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 120, pp. 358-369, 2016.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref29">
                        <label>29</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[29] L.P.R Pala, Q. Wang, G. Kolb, and V. Hessel, “Steam Gasification of Biomass with 	Subsequent Syngas Adjustment Using Shift Reaction for Syngas Production: An 	Aspen 	Plus model”, Renewable Energy, vol. 101, pp. 484-492, 2017.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref30">
                        <label>30</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[30] M. Fernandez-Lopez, J. Pedroche, J. Valverde, and L. Sanchez-Silva, “Simulation 	of the 	gasification of animal wastes in a dual gasifier using Aspen Plus”, Energy 	Conversion 	and Management, vol. 140, pp. 211-217, 2017.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref31">
                        <label>31</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[31] A. Gagliano, F. Nocera, M. Bruno, and G. Cardillo, “Development of an equilibrium-	based 	model of gasification of biomass by Aspen Plus”, Energy Procedia, vol. 111, pp. 	1010 - 	1019, 2017.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref32">
                        <label>32</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[32] P. Lestinsky, and A. Palit, “Wood pyrolysis using Aspen Plus simulation and 	industrially applicable model”, Geoscience Engineering, vol. 62, pp. 11-16, 2016.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref33">
                        <label>33</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[33] T. Damartzis, S. Michailos, and A. Zabaniotou, “Energetic assessment of a combined heat 	and power integrated biomass gasification - internal combustion engine system by 	using Aspen Plus”, Fuel Processing Technology, vol. 95, pp. 37-44, 2012.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref34">
                        <label>34</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[34] J. Han, Y. Liang, J. Hu, L. Qin, J. Street, Y. Lu, and F. Yu, “Modeling downdraft biomass 	gasification process by restricting chemical reaction equilibrium with Aspen Plus”, Energy 	Conversion and Management, vol. 153, pp. 641-648, 2017.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref35">
                        <label>35</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[35] A.J. Keche, A.P.R. Gaddale, and R.G. Tated, “Simulation of biomass gasification in 	downdraft gasifier for different biomass fuels Using Aspen Plus”, Clean Technologies and 	Environmental Policy, vol. 17, pp. 465-473, 2015.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref36">
                        <label>36</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[36] S. Rupesh, C. Muraleedharan, and P. Arun, “Aspen Plus modeling of air-steam 	gasification of 	biomass with sorbent enabled CO2 capture”, Resource Efficient 	Technologies, vol. 2, pp. 94-103, 2016.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref37">
                        <label>37</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[37]	M. Dahmani, C. Périlhon, C. Marvillet, N. Hajjaji, A. Houas, and Z. Khila, 	“Development of a fixed bed gasifier model and optimal operating conditions 	determination”, AIP Conference Proceedings, 1814, Article ID: 020069, 2017.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref38">
                        <label>38</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[38] N. Deng, A. Zhang, Q.  Zhang, G. He, W. Cui, G. Chen, and C. Song, “Simulation 	analysis and ternary diagram of municipal solid waste pyrolysis and gasification based on 	the equilibrium model”, Bioresource Technology, vol. 235, pp. 371-379, 2017.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref39">
                        <label>39</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[39] J.F. Peters, S.W. Banks, A.V. Bridgwater, and J. Dufour, “A kinetic reaction model 	for biomass pyrolysis processes in Aspen Plus”, Applied Energy, vol. 188, pp. 595-603, 2017.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref40">
                        <label>40</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[40] P. Kaushal, and R. Tyagi, “Advanced simulation of biomass gasification in a 	fluidized bed 	reactor using Aspen Plus”, Renewable Energy, vol. 101, pp. 629-636, 2017.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref41">
                        <label>41</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[41] L. Wei, J.A. Thomasson, R.M. Bricka, R. Sui, J.R. Wooten, and E.P. Columbus, Syngas 	quality evaluation for biomass gasification with a downdraft gasifier. American Society of 	Agricultural and Biological Engineers, vol. 52, pp. 21-37, 2009.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref42">
                        <label>42</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[42] P. Basu, Biomass gasification and pyrolysis: practical design and theory. Academic 	Press, 	Burlington, MA 01803, USA, 2010.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref43">
                        <label>43</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[43] G. Song, F. Feng, J. Xiao, and L. Shen. “Technical assessment of synthetic natural gas (SNG) 	production from agriculture residuals”, Journal of Thermal Sciences, vol. 22, pp. 359–365.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref44">
                        <label>44</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[44] M. Puig-Arnavat, J.C. Bruno, and A. Coronas, “Review and analysis of biomass 	gasification models”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 14, pp. 2841–51, 	2010</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref45">
                        <label>45</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[45] M. Puig-Arnavat, J.C. Bruno, and A. Coronas, “Modified thermodynamic equilibrium model 	for biomass gasification: a study of the influence of operating conditions”, Energy and 	Fuels, vol. 26, pp. 1385–1394, 2012.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref46">
                        <label>46</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[46] A. Gagliano, F. Nocera, F. Patania, M. Bruno, and D.G. Castaldo, “A robust 	numerical 	model for characterizing the syngas composition in a downdraft gasification process”, 	Comptes Rendus Chimie, vol. 19, pp. 441 – 449, 2016.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref47">
                        <label>47</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[47] Y.I. Son, Y.J. Sang, K.K. Yong, and J.G. Lee, “Gasification and power generation 		characteristics of woody biomass utilizing a downdraft gasifier”, Biomass Bioenergy, vol. 	35, pp. 4215–4220, 2011.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref48">
                        <label>48</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[48] S. Rupesh, C. Muraleedharan, and P. Arun, “Analysis of hydrogen generation through 	thermo‐chemical gasification of coconut shell using thermodynamic equilibrium model 	considering char and tar”, International Scholarly Research Notices, vol. pp. 1‐9, 2014.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref49">
                        <label>49</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[49] L. Devi, K.J. Ptasinski, and F.J. Jenssen, “A review of the primary measures for tar 	elimination in biomass gasification processes”, Biomass &amp; Bioenergy, vol. 24, pp. 125–	140, 2003.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref50">
                        <label>50</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[50] A. Melger, J.F. Perez, H. Laget, and A. Horillo, “Thermochemical equilibrium 	modeling of a gasifying process”, Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 48, pp. 59-	67, 2007.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref51">
                        <label>51</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[51] A.K. Sharma, “Equilibrium modeling of global reduction reactions for a downdraft 		(biomass) gasifier”, Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 49, pp. 832-842, 2008.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
