<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>ijesim</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>International Journal of Educational Studies in Mathematics</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2148-5984</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Ercan MASAL</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17278/ijesim.1004076</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Applied Mathematics</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Uygulamalı Matematik</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="tr">
                                    <trans-title>Examination of Feedback That Elementary School Teachers Given On Students&#039; Mathematics Homework</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>Project VLOGI (Video Lectures on Giving Instructions): Effects on Learners’ Performance in Probability and Statistics</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8868-0511</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Batilantes</surname>
                                    <given-names>Sherwin</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20211214">
                    <day>12</day>
                    <month>14</month>
                    <year>2021</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>8</volume>
                                        <issue>4</issue>
                                        <fpage>299</fpage>
                                        <lpage>315</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20211003">
                        <day>10</day>
                        <month>03</month>
                        <year>2021</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20211213">
                        <day>12</day>
                        <month>13</month>
                        <year>2021</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2014, International Journal of Educational Studies in Mathematics</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2014</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>International Journal of Educational Studies in Mathematics</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="tr">
                            <p>This quantitative study ascertained the benefits of project VLOGI as an intervention to the eighth-grade students in resolving the usual unattained learning competencies in Probability and Statistics, especially in the last quarter of the school year.  The researcher utilized the true-experimental research design using vlogs as an intervention to this study. There were two (2) randomly selected classes out of the six (6) heterogeneous classes in school as (1) the control group (prevailing method) and (2) the experimental group (project VLOGI) in teaching. Respondents underwent pre-test and post-test utilizing the quality assured 20-item multiple-choice type of questionnaires, reviewed and verified by an expert panel of evaluators. The researcher used descriptive and inferential analyses using the SPSS 2.0 tool to analyze and interpret the outcomes. The study&#039;s significant results showed that learners improved their academic performance in Probability and Statistics using these vlogs. Likewise, learners gained knowledge while working on their projects to create vlogs. Furthermore, by capturing learners&#039; attention and engaging them in their learning through various social media platforms, project VLOGI was served as an alternative teaching method in any discipline. Hence, project VLOGI was strongly recommended for teachers as a replacement when they are out of class due to ancillary functions in school to foster unattained learning competencies before the school year ends.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>This quantitative study ascertained the benefits of project VLOGI as an intervention to the eighth-grade students in resolving the usual unattained learning competencies in Probability and Statistics, especially in the last quarter of the school year.  The researcher utilized the true-experimental research design using vlogs as an intervention to this study. There were two (2) randomly selected classes out of the six (6) heterogeneous classes in school as (1) the control group (prevailing method) and (2) the experimental group (project VLOGI) in teaching. Respondents underwent pre-test and post-test utilizing the quality assured 20-item multiple-choice type of questionnaires, reviewed and verified by an expert panel of evaluators. The researcher used descriptive and inferential analyses using the SPSS 2.0 tool to analyze and interpret the outcomes. The study&#039;s significant results showed that learners improved their academic performance in Probability and Statistics using these vlogs. Likewise, learners gained knowledge while working on their projects to create vlogs. Furthermore, by capturing learners&#039; attention and engaging them in their learning through various social media platforms, project VLOGI was served as an alternative teaching method in any discipline. Hence, project VLOGI was strongly recommended for teachers as a replacement when they are out of class due to ancillary functions in school to foster unattained learning competencies before the school year ends.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>vlogs</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  spiral progression approach</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  ancillary functions</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  prerequisite subjects</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  unattained learning competencies</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="tr">
                                                    <kwd>vlogs</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  spiral progression approach</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  ancillary functions</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  prerequisite subjects</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  unattained learning competencies</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                    <funding-group specific-use="FundRef">
                    <award-group>
                                                    <funding-source>
                                <named-content content-type="funder_name">Department of Education - Region VI Western Visayas Basic Education Research Fund</named-content>
                            </funding-source>
                                                                            <award-id>NOT APPLICABLE</award-id>
                                            </award-group>
                </funding-group>
                                </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Abad, J. R., &amp; Arellano, A. D. (2020). Spiral progression approach in teaching junior high school mathematics. IOER International Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 2(4). 68-78.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Abah, J. A. (2020). An Appeal in the Case involving Conventional Teaching: Emphasizing the Transformation to Enhanced Conventional Teaching in Mathematics Education. VillageMath Educational Review (VER), 1(1), 1-10.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Abulencia, A. (2019). Lived experience of principals in the implementation of k to 12 program in the philippines. EDUCARE: International Journal for Educational Studies, 12(1), 1-24.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Aizikovitsh-Udi, E. (2019). Construction of critical thinking skills by the infusion approach in probability and statistics in daily life. Eleventh Congress of the European Society for Research in Mathematics Education, 1-9.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Akram, M. J. (2010). Factors affecting the performance of teachers at higher secondary level in punjab. Pakistan Research Repository (PPR). Higher Education Commission, Islamabad.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Al-Maroof, R. S., Salloum, S. A., Hassanien, A. E., &amp; Shaalan, K. (2020). Fear from COVID-19 and technology adoption: the impact of google meet during the coronavirus pandemic. Interactives Learning Environments, 1(16).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Alegre, E. M., &amp; Hazel Mae, L. (2019). The level of impact on spiral progression approach in mathematics to the academic performance of the grade 10 students. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publication, 9(4), 504-512.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ariel, B., Bland, M., &amp; Sutherland, A. (2021). Experimental Designs. The SAGE Quantitative Research Kit. SAGE Publications Ltd.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Batubara, K., &amp; Natali, C. H. (2020). Improving the speaking skill by vlog as learning media for teaching long functional text for eight grade students at SMPN 17 medan. Randwick International of Education and Linguistics Science (RISS) Journal. 1(3), 363-371.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Behesti, M., Taspolat, O., Kaya, O. S., &amp; Sapanca, H. F. (2018).  Characteristics of instructional videos. World Journal on Educational Technology: Current Issues. 10(1). 61-69.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bravo, E., Amante, B., Simo, P., Enache, M, &amp; Fernadez, V. (2011). Video as a new teaching tool to increase student motivation. 2011 IEEE Global Education Conference (EDUCON), 638 – 642.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Buensuceso, D. B. (2015). Level of mastery of the competencies on fractions: basis for the proposed intervention program. The International Conference on Language, Humanities, &amp; Innovation. 196-204.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Candelario-Aplaon, Z. (2017). Needs assessment of senior high school mathematics teachers in teaching statistics and probability. International Forum, 20(2), 143 – 159.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Capate, R. N. A., &amp; Lapinid, M. R. C. (2015). Assessing the mathematics performance of grade 8 students as basis for enhancing instruction and aligning with k to 12 curriculum. Proceedings of the DLSU Research Congress 2015, 3, 3-7.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Chanoknath, S., &amp; Louangrath, P.I. (2015). Descriptive and inferential statistics. International Journal of Research &amp; Methodology in Social Science, 1(1), 22-35.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Chatterjee, K. &amp; Mukherjee, D. (2016). On the estimation of homogeneous population size from a complex dual-record system. Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation, 86(17), 3562-3581.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">da Silva, B. G., Borges, Y. M., &amp; Galo, R. (2020). The use of ludic resources for the teaching of probability and statistics in middle school. Research Society and Development, 9(11), 1-18.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Dangle, Y. R. P., &amp; Sumaoang, J. D. (2020). The implementation of modular distance learning in the Philippines secondary public schools. 3rd International Conference on Advanced Research in Teaching and Education. 100-108.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Das, K., &amp; Gupta, M. (2020). Action research on mathematics phobia among secondary school students. International Journal of Indonesia Education and Teaching, 4(2), 239-250.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Deken, C., Neuman, I., &amp; Heinze, A. (2020). Mathematical prerequisites for STEM programs: what do university instructors expect from new STEM undergraduates? International Journal of Research in Undergraduate Mathematics Education, 6, 23-41.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Department of Education (1988). DO. 35, s. 1988. Utilization of instructional materials and accountability therefore.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Department of Education (2005). DO. 9, s. 2005 – Instituting measures to increase engaged time-on-task and ensuring compliance therewithin.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Department of Education (2009). DO. 109, s. 2009. Make-up classes for loss schooldays.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Department of Education (2016). K to 12 Curriculum guide mathematics (grade 1 to grade 10).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref25">
                        <label>25</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Department of Education (2016). DO. 35, s. 2016. The learning action cell as a K to 12 basic education program school-based continuing professional development strategy for the improvement of teaching and learning.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref26">
                        <label>26</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Eren, E. &amp; Ergulec, F. (2020). Teknolojik pedagojik içerik bilgisi tabanlı öğretim tasarımı modeli: okul-üniversite işbirliği kapsamında bir değerlendirme. Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(3), 1247-1290.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref27">
                        <label>27</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ernawati, &amp; Sutiarso, S. (2019). Analysis of difficulties in solving mathematical problems categorized higher order thinking skills (HOTS) on the subject of rank and shape of the root according to polya stages, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1563, 1-8.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref28">
                        <label>28</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Erol, O., Çırak, N. S. &amp; Beşer-Gülsoy, V. G. (2021). Sosyal medya kullanımının kişiliğe göre değişimi: öğretmen adayları örneklemi. Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(1), 571-598.  
Fidan, M., &amp; Debbag M. (2018). The usage of video blog (vlog) in the “school experience” course: the opinion of the pre-service teachers. Journal of Education and Future, 13, 161-177.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref29">
                        <label>29</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Fountain, M. (2017). Social media and its effects in politics: the factors that influence social media use for political news and social media use influencing political participation [Undergraduate Research Thesis, The Ohio State University].</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref30">
                        <label>30</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Fritz, C. O., Morris, P. E., &amp; Richler, J. J. (2012). Effect size estimates: current use, calculations, and interpretations. Journal of Experimental Psychology General, 14(1), 2-18.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref31">
                        <label>31</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Gao, W., Tian, Y., Huang, T., &amp; Yang, Q. (2010). Vlogging: a survey of videoblogging technology on the web. ACM Computing Survey, 42(4), 15:1 – 15:57.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref32">
                        <label>32</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hae-Young, K. (2019). Statistical notes for clinical researchers: the independent samples t-test. Restorative Dentistry &amp; Endodontics (RDE), 44(3), 1-6.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref33">
                        <label>33</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hernando-Malipot, M. (2019, June 25). Teachers’ group laments lack of textbook for K to 12. Manila Bulletin, p 9.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref34">
                        <label>34</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Huang, H. (2021). Effects of smartphone-based collaborative vlog projects on EFL learners’ speaking performance and learning engagement. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 37(6), 18-40.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref35">
                        <label>35</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Into, C. A. D., &amp; Gempes, G. P. (2018). Untold stories of teachers with multi ancillary functions: a phenomenology of fortitude. Journal of Advances in Humanities and Social Sciences, 4(18), 13-25.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref36">
                        <label>36</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Jaron, M. A. E., Sandoval, M. P., &amp; Garcia. F. A. (2015). As assessment of organizational commitment among selected administrative employees of Yazaki-Torres manufacturing, inc. CAS Research Journal, 2(2), 201-237.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref37">
                        <label>37</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kaur, P., Stoltzfus, J., &amp; Yellapu, V. (2018). Descriptive analysis. IJAM – International Journal of Academic Medicine, 4(1), 60-63.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref38">
                        <label>38</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kilicaslan, H., &amp; Vural, S. (2018). The effects of creative drama teaching methods on academic success in architectural education. EURASIA Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 14(6), 2157-2167.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref39">
                        <label>39</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kunasaraphan, K. (2018). Classroom action research for teaching mathematics in secondary schools. The ICBTS Research Conference Proceedings 2018 in Vienna, 433 -437.
 
Kunwar, R. (2020). Mathematics phobia: causes, symptoms, and ways to overcome. International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT), 8(8), 818-822.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref40">
                        <label>40</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Lalian, O. N. (2019). The effects of using video media in mathematics learning on students’ cognitive and effective aspects. AIP Conference Proceedings 2019, 030011, 1-4.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref41">
                        <label>41</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Landau, S. &amp; Evirett, B. (2004). A handbook of statistical analyses using SPSS. Chapman &amp; Hall/CRC Press LLC.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref42">
                        <label>42</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Machera, R. P. (2017). Teaching intervention strategies that enhance learning in higher education. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 5(5), 733-743.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref43">
                        <label>43</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Mayer, R. E. (2014). Cognitive theory of multimedia learning. In R. E. Mayer (Ed.), The Cambridge Handbook of Multimedia Learning (pp. 43-71). Cambridge University.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref44">
                        <label>44</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Mullis, I. V. S., Martin, M. O., Goh, S., &amp; Cotter, K. (Eds.). (2016). TIMSSS 2015 encyclopedia: education policy and curriculum in mathematics and science, TIMSS &amp; PRILS International Study Center website.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref45">
                        <label>45</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Muniz-Rodriguez, L., Rodriguez-Muniz, L. J.,  &amp; Alsina, A. (2020). Deficits in the statistical and probabilistic literacy of citizens: effects in a world in crisis, mathematical modelling and simulation in science and engineering MDPI. E Mathematics, 8(11), 1-20.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref46">
                        <label>46</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Orale, R. L., &amp; Uy, M. E. A. (2018). When the spiral is broken: problem analysis in the implementation of spiral progression approach in teaching mathematics. Journal of Academic Research, 3(3), 14-24.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref47">
                        <label>47</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Overton, C. E., Stage, H. B., Ahmad, S., …, Webb, L. (2020). Using statistics and mathematical modeling to understand infectious disease outbreaks: COVID-19 as an example. Infectious Disease Modelling, 5, 409-441.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref48">
                        <label>48</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Paring, I. R., Cereno, A. C., &amp; Decano, R. (2021). Determining factors to students’ science achievement in the implementation of K to 12 spiral progression approach: a mixed method. International Journal of Educational Research Review, 6(3), 46-54.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref49">
                        <label>49</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Paul, J. &amp; Jefferson, F. (2019). A comparative analysis of student performance in an online vs. Face-to-face environmental science course from 2009 to 2016. Frontiers in Computer Science, 1(7), 1-9.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref50">
                        <label>50</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Perez, J. C. S., Bongcales, R. C. A., &amp; Bellen, J. A. (2020). A scoping on the implementation of the spiral progression approach. Journal of Academic Research, 1(1), 11-22.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref51">
                        <label>51</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Rakhmanina, L., &amp; Kusumaningrum, L. (2017). The effectiveness of video blogging in teaching speaking viewed from students’ learning motivation. Proceedings of ISELT FBS Universitas Negeri Padang, 5, 27-34.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref52">
                        <label>52</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Rashid, M., &amp; Zaman, S. (2018). Effects of teacher’s behavior on academic performance of students. 3rd International Conference on Research and Practices in Education, 1-15.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref53">
                        <label>53</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Read, L., &amp; Atinc, T. M. (2017). Investigation into using data to improve learning Philippine case study. Global Economy and Development. Brookings 1775 Massachusetts Avenue, NW Washington, DC.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref54">
                        <label>54</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ridhawaanah, H. D., &amp; Khemduth, S. A. (2019). Impact of spiral teaching on quadratics: action research with grade 11 students in mauritius. Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Conference of the Mathematics Education Research Group of Australasia, 220-227.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref55">
                        <label>55</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Rigo, F, &amp; Mikus, J. (2021). Asynchronous and synchonous distance learning of english as a foreign language. Media Literacy and Academic Research, 4(1), 89-106.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref56">
                        <label>56</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Rosenbusch, K. (2020). Technology intervention: rethinking the role of education and faculty in the transformative digital environment. Advances in Human Developing Resources, 22(1), 87-101.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref57">
                        <label>57</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Rozgonjuk, D., Kraav, T., Mikkor, K., Orav-Puurand, K., &amp; That, K. (2020). Mathematics anxiety among STEM and social science students: the roles of mathematics self-efficacy, and deep and surface approach to learning. International Journal of STEM Education, 7(46), 1-11.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref58">
                        <label>58</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Shivaraju, P. T., Manu, G., Vinaya, M., &amp; Savkar M. K. (2017). Evaluating the effectiveness of pre-and post-test model of learning in a medical school. National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 7(9), 947-951.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref59">
                        <label>59</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sevgi, S., &amp; Gürtaş, K. (2020). Ortaokul öğrencilerinin geometriye yönelik tutum ve öz-yeterliliklerinin incelenmesi. Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(1), 416-455.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref60">
                        <label>60</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sumuglu, U. (2021). A case study on teaching Turkish through distance education. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies, 8(1), 174-190.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref61">
                        <label>61</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Tapanan, H. E., Antig, M. G., &amp; Tapanan, M. L. J. (2021). Assessment of teacher’ performance and the spiral progression approach in mathematics. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 6(1), 668-675.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref62">
                        <label>62</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Tiro, A. S. (2020). Description of probability and randomized events literacy for statistics students at university negeri makassar. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, (WEAST 2020), 1899, 1-6.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref63">
                        <label>63</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Tuma, F. (2021). The use of educational technology for interactive teaching in lectures. Annals of Medicine and Technology, 62, 231-235.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref64">
                        <label>64</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ullah, O., &amp; Iqbal, M. (2020). Comparison of Impact of Traditional and Modern Teaching Methods on Students&#039; Performance at Elementary School Level. Global Regional Review, V(I), 386-395.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref65">
                        <label>65</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Yumusak, G. K. (2016). An analysis of the science curricula in turkey with respect to spiral curriculum approach. Journal of Education and Practice, 7(9), 99-105.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref66">
                        <label>66</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Zamalia, M., &amp; Porter, A. (2016). Students’ perceived understanding and competency in probability concepts in an e-learning environment: an australian experience. Pertanika Journal Social Sciences &amp; Humanities, 24, 73-82.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
