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Mechanical Performance Enhancement of Alkali-Activated Composites Using Synthetic Fibers with Metazeolite and Aluminum Sludge-Based Recycled Concrete Aggregates

Year 2024, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 63 - 72, 20.11.2024
https://doi.org/10.19072/ijet.1486080

Abstract

This study examines the substantial enhancement in the performance of alkali-activated composites (AACs) produced from a distinctive combination of metazeolite (MZ) and slag (S), reinforced with synthetic fibers, and augmented with aluminum sludge (AS) and recycled concrete aggregate (RCA). The composites were subjected to activation through the use of a specific sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na₂SiO₃) blend in a 2:1 ratio, with an activator-to-binder ratio of 0.95. Through a process of experimentation, the research team identified an optimal mix by varying the molarities of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) between 8M and 14M and the ratios of metazeolite to slag between 25% and 100%. The aforementioned mixture, comprising 50% MZ and 50% S, was activated with 12M NaOH and enhanced with 30% aluminum sludge, exhibiting remarkable strength characteristics. Furthermore, the incorporation of synthetic fibres, including polyethylene (PEF), polyamide (PAF), and basalt fibers (BF), resulted in a notable enhancement of the material's performance. It is noteworthy that the addition of basalt fibers at a concentration of 0.5% resulted in a 7% increase in compressive strength and a 24% improvement in flexural strength. This pioneering research illuminates the transformative potential of MZ-S-based AACs, particularly when combined with AS and BF, paving the way for the development of sustainable construction materials that meet contemporary performance and environmental standards.

References

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  • [2] Ş. O. Demirel C., "Erken Yaşdaki Atık Betonların Geri Dönüşüm Agregası Olarak Beton Üretiminde Kullanılabilirliği ve Sürdürülebilirlik Açısından İncelenmesi.," Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi,, no. 3, pp. 226-235, 2015.
  • [3] F. Sahin, M. Uysal, O. Canpolat, T. Cosgun and H. Dehghanpour, "The effect of polyvinyl fibers on metakaolin-based geopolymer mortars with different aggregate filling," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 300, 9 2021.
  • [4] X. Zheng, J. Zhang, X. Ding, H. Chu and J. Zhang, "Frost resistance of internal curing concrete with calcined natural zeolite particles," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 288, 6 2021.
  • [5] C. Florez, O. Restrepo-Baena and J. I. Tobon, "Effects of calcination and milling pre-treatments on natural zeolites as a supplementary cementitious material," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 310, 12 2021.
  • [6] A. Nikolov, H. Nugteren and I. Rostovsky, "Optimization of geopolymers based on natural zeolite clinoptilolite by calcination and use of aluminate activators," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 243, 5 2020.
  • [7] S. Özen and B. Alam, "Compressive strength and microstructural characteristics of natural zeolite-based geopolymer," Periodica Polytechnica Civil Engineering, vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 64-71, 2018.
  • [8] Y. Aygörmez, "Performance of ambient and freezing-thawing cured metazeolite and slag based geopolymer composites against elevated temperatures," Revista de la Construccion, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 145-162, 2021.
  • [9] R. R. Bellum, "Influence of steel and PP fibers on mechanical and microstructural properties of fly ash-GGBFS based geopolymer composites," Ceramics International, vol. 48, no. 5, pp. 6808-6818, 3 2022.
  • [10] O.Abdulkareem and J. Matthews, "Improving the Mechanical Strengths of Hybrid Waste Geopolymer Binders by Short Fiber Reinforcement," Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 4781-4789, 2021.
  • [11] Y. Alrefaei and J.-G. Dai, "Tensile behavior and microstructure of hybrid fiber ambient cured one-part engineered geopolymer composites," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 184, pp. 419-431, 2018.
  • [12] F. Amalia, N. Akifah, Nurfadilla and Subaer, "Development of coconut trunk fiber geopolymer hybrid composite for structural engineering materials," IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 180, no. 1, 2017.
  • [13] K. Arunkumar, M. Muthukannan, A. Sureshkumar, A. Chithambarganesh and R. Rangaswamy Kanniga Devi, "Mechanical and durability characterization of hybrid fibre reinforced green geopolymer concrete," Research on Engineering Structures and Materials, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 19-43, 2022.
  • [14] P. Nuaklong, A. Wongsa, K. Boonserm, C. Ngohpok, P. Jongvivatsakul, V. Sata, P. Sukontasukkul and P. Chindaprasirt, "Enhancement of mechanical properties of fly ash geopolymer containing fine recycled concrete aggregate with micro carbon fiber," Journal of Building Engineering, vol. 41, 9 2021.
  • [15] W. Punurai, W. Kroehong, A. Saptamongkol and P. Chindaprasirt, "Mechanical properties, microstructure and drying shrinkage of hybrid fly ash-basalt fiber geopolymer paste," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 186, pp. 62-70, 2018.
  • [16] W. H. Sachet and W. D. Salman, "Compressive Strength Development of Slag-Based Geopolymer Paste Reinforced with Fibers Cured at Ambient Condition," IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 928, no. 2, 11 2020.
  • [17] K. Zada Farhan, M. Azmi Megat Johari and R. Demirboğa, "Evaluation of properties of steel fiber reinforced GGBFS-based geopolymer composites in aggressive environments," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 345, p. 128339, 8 2022.
  • [18] M. Frydrych, S. Hýsek, L. Fridrichová, S. Van, M. Herclík, M. Pechociaková, H. Chi and P. Louda, "Impact of flax and basalt fibre reinforcement on selected properties of geopolymer composites," Sustainability (Switzerland), vol. 12, no. 1, 2020.
  • [19] X. Gao, Q. Yu, R. Yu and H. Brouwers, "Evaluation of hybrid steel fiber reinforcement in high performance geopolymer composites," Materials and Structures/Materiaux et Constructions, vol. 50, no. 2, 2017.
  • [20] S. Guler and Z. F. Akbulut, "Effect of high-temperature on the behavior of single and hybrid glass and basalt fiber added geopolymer cement mortars," Journal of Building Engineering, vol. 57, p. 104809, 10 2022.
  • [21] C. Le, P. Louda, K. Buczkowska and I. Dufkova, "Investigation on flexural behavior of geopolymer-based carbon textile/basalt fiber hybrid composite," Polymers, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 1-18, 2021.
  • [22] V. Sathish Kumar, N. Ganesan and P. Indira, "Effect of hybrid fibres on the durability characteristics of ternary blend geopolymer concrete," Journal of Composites Science, vol. 5, no. 10, 2021.
  • [23] A. Baziak, K. Pławecka, I. Hager, A. Castel and K. Korniejenko, "Development and characterization of lightweight geopolymer composite reinforced with hybrid carbon and steel," Materials, vol. 14, no. 19, 2021.
  • [24] A. Chithambar Ganesh and M. Muthukannan, "Experimental Study on the Behaviour of Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Geopolymer Concrete under Ambient Curing Condition," IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 561, no. 1, 11 2019.
  • [25] D. Jia, P. He, M. Wang and S. Yan, Short SiC Fiber and Hybrid SiC/Carbon Fiber Reinforced Geopolymer Matrix Composites, vol. 311, 2020, pp. 243-270. 10.1007/978-981-15-9536-3_7.
  • [26] J. Junior, A. Saha, P. Sarker and A. Pramanik, "Workability and flexural properties of fibre-reinforced geopolymer using different mono and hybrid fibres," Materials, vol. 14, no. 16, 2021.
  • [27] M. Maras, "Tensile and flexural strength cracking behavior of geopolymer composite reinforced with hybrid fibers," Arabian Journal of Geosciences, vol. 14, no. 22, 2021.
  • [28] P. Sukontasukkul, P. Pongsopha, P. Chindaprasirt and S. Songpiriyakij, "Flexural performance and toughness of hybrid steel and polypropylene fibre reinforced geopolymer," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 161, pp. 37-44, 2 2018.
  • [29] N. P. Asrani, G. Murali, K. Parthiban, K. Surya, A. Prakash, K. Rathika and U. Chandru, "A feasibility of enhancing the impact resistance of hybrid fibrous geopolymer composites: Experiments and modelling," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 203, pp. 56-68, 4 2019.
  • [30] J. I. Choi, H. H. Nguyễn, S. E. Park, R. Ranade and B. Y. Lee, "Effects of fiber hybridization on mechanical properties and autogenous healing of alkali-activated slag-based composites," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 310, 12 2021.
  • [31] F. U. A. Shaikh, "Tensile and flexural behaviour of recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibre reinforced geopolymer composites," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 245, 6 2020.
  • [32] A. B. Malkawi, M. F. Nuruddin, A. Fauzi, H. Almattarneh and B. S. Mohammed, "Effects of Alkaline Solution on Properties of the HCFA Geopolymer Mortars," Procedia Engineering, vol. 148, pp. 710-717, 2016.
  • [33] R. K. Chaithanya, C. V. Reddy, L. S. Reddy and K. T. Kumar, "Effect Of Molarity On Strength Characteristics Of Geopolymer Mortar Based On Fly ash and GGBS". Solid State Technology. (2020), 63(2s).
  • [34] S. Singh, M. U. Aswath and R. V. Ranganath, "Performance assessment of bricks and prisms: Red mud based geopolymer composite," Journal of Building Engineering, vol. 32, 11 2020.
  • [35] M. Mudgal, A. Singh, R. K. Chouhan, A. Acharya and A. K. Srivastava, "Fly ash red mud geopolymer with improved mechanical strength," Cleaner Engineering and Technology, vol. 4, 10 2021.
  • [36] Y.Aygörmez, "Assessment of performance of metabentonite and metazeolite-based geopolymers with fly ash sand replacement," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 302, 10 2021.
  • [37] Y. Aygörmez, "Evaluation of the red mud and quartz sand on reinforced metazeolite-based geopolymer composites," Journal of Building Engineering, vol. 43, 11 2021.
  • [38] U.Zakira, K. Zheng, N. Xie and B.Birgisson, "Development of high-strength geopolymers from red mud and blast furnace slag," Jour. of Clean. Prod, vol. 383, 1 2023.
  • [39] M. Uysal, Ö. Faruk Kuranlı, Y. Aygörmez, O. Canpolat and T. Çoşgun, "The effect of various fibers on the red mud additive sustainable geopolymer composites," Cons. and Buil. Mat, vol. 363, 1 2023.
  • [40] T. Alomayri and I. M. Low, "Synthesis and characterization of mechanical properties in cotton fiber-reinforced geopolymer composites," Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 30-34, 2013.
  • [41] T. Alomayri, F. U. Shaikh and I. M. Low, "Characterisation of cotton fibre-reinforced geopolymer composites," Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 50, pp. 1-6, 7 2013.
  • [42] H. Baykara, M. H. Cornejo, A. Espinoza, E. García and N. Ulloa, "Preparation, characterization, and evaluation of compressive strength of PFRGM," Heliyon, vol. 6, no. 4, 4 2020.
Year 2024, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 63 - 72, 20.11.2024
https://doi.org/10.19072/ijet.1486080

Abstract

References

  • [1] A. M. Lakew, O. Canpolat, M. M. Al-Mashhadani, M. Uysal, A. Niş, Y. Aygörmez and M. Bayati, "Combined effect of using steel fibers and demolition waste aggregates on the performance of fly ash/slag based geopolymer concrete," European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, pp. 1-28, 3 2023.
  • [2] Ş. O. Demirel C., "Erken Yaşdaki Atık Betonların Geri Dönüşüm Agregası Olarak Beton Üretiminde Kullanılabilirliği ve Sürdürülebilirlik Açısından İncelenmesi.," Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi,, no. 3, pp. 226-235, 2015.
  • [3] F. Sahin, M. Uysal, O. Canpolat, T. Cosgun and H. Dehghanpour, "The effect of polyvinyl fibers on metakaolin-based geopolymer mortars with different aggregate filling," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 300, 9 2021.
  • [4] X. Zheng, J. Zhang, X. Ding, H. Chu and J. Zhang, "Frost resistance of internal curing concrete with calcined natural zeolite particles," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 288, 6 2021.
  • [5] C. Florez, O. Restrepo-Baena and J. I. Tobon, "Effects of calcination and milling pre-treatments on natural zeolites as a supplementary cementitious material," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 310, 12 2021.
  • [6] A. Nikolov, H. Nugteren and I. Rostovsky, "Optimization of geopolymers based on natural zeolite clinoptilolite by calcination and use of aluminate activators," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 243, 5 2020.
  • [7] S. Özen and B. Alam, "Compressive strength and microstructural characteristics of natural zeolite-based geopolymer," Periodica Polytechnica Civil Engineering, vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 64-71, 2018.
  • [8] Y. Aygörmez, "Performance of ambient and freezing-thawing cured metazeolite and slag based geopolymer composites against elevated temperatures," Revista de la Construccion, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 145-162, 2021.
  • [9] R. R. Bellum, "Influence of steel and PP fibers on mechanical and microstructural properties of fly ash-GGBFS based geopolymer composites," Ceramics International, vol. 48, no. 5, pp. 6808-6818, 3 2022.
  • [10] O.Abdulkareem and J. Matthews, "Improving the Mechanical Strengths of Hybrid Waste Geopolymer Binders by Short Fiber Reinforcement," Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 4781-4789, 2021.
  • [11] Y. Alrefaei and J.-G. Dai, "Tensile behavior and microstructure of hybrid fiber ambient cured one-part engineered geopolymer composites," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 184, pp. 419-431, 2018.
  • [12] F. Amalia, N. Akifah, Nurfadilla and Subaer, "Development of coconut trunk fiber geopolymer hybrid composite for structural engineering materials," IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 180, no. 1, 2017.
  • [13] K. Arunkumar, M. Muthukannan, A. Sureshkumar, A. Chithambarganesh and R. Rangaswamy Kanniga Devi, "Mechanical and durability characterization of hybrid fibre reinforced green geopolymer concrete," Research on Engineering Structures and Materials, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 19-43, 2022.
  • [14] P. Nuaklong, A. Wongsa, K. Boonserm, C. Ngohpok, P. Jongvivatsakul, V. Sata, P. Sukontasukkul and P. Chindaprasirt, "Enhancement of mechanical properties of fly ash geopolymer containing fine recycled concrete aggregate with micro carbon fiber," Journal of Building Engineering, vol. 41, 9 2021.
  • [15] W. Punurai, W. Kroehong, A. Saptamongkol and P. Chindaprasirt, "Mechanical properties, microstructure and drying shrinkage of hybrid fly ash-basalt fiber geopolymer paste," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 186, pp. 62-70, 2018.
  • [16] W. H. Sachet and W. D. Salman, "Compressive Strength Development of Slag-Based Geopolymer Paste Reinforced with Fibers Cured at Ambient Condition," IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 928, no. 2, 11 2020.
  • [17] K. Zada Farhan, M. Azmi Megat Johari and R. Demirboğa, "Evaluation of properties of steel fiber reinforced GGBFS-based geopolymer composites in aggressive environments," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 345, p. 128339, 8 2022.
  • [18] M. Frydrych, S. Hýsek, L. Fridrichová, S. Van, M. Herclík, M. Pechociaková, H. Chi and P. Louda, "Impact of flax and basalt fibre reinforcement on selected properties of geopolymer composites," Sustainability (Switzerland), vol. 12, no. 1, 2020.
  • [19] X. Gao, Q. Yu, R. Yu and H. Brouwers, "Evaluation of hybrid steel fiber reinforcement in high performance geopolymer composites," Materials and Structures/Materiaux et Constructions, vol. 50, no. 2, 2017.
  • [20] S. Guler and Z. F. Akbulut, "Effect of high-temperature on the behavior of single and hybrid glass and basalt fiber added geopolymer cement mortars," Journal of Building Engineering, vol. 57, p. 104809, 10 2022.
  • [21] C. Le, P. Louda, K. Buczkowska and I. Dufkova, "Investigation on flexural behavior of geopolymer-based carbon textile/basalt fiber hybrid composite," Polymers, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 1-18, 2021.
  • [22] V. Sathish Kumar, N. Ganesan and P. Indira, "Effect of hybrid fibres on the durability characteristics of ternary blend geopolymer concrete," Journal of Composites Science, vol. 5, no. 10, 2021.
  • [23] A. Baziak, K. Pławecka, I. Hager, A. Castel and K. Korniejenko, "Development and characterization of lightweight geopolymer composite reinforced with hybrid carbon and steel," Materials, vol. 14, no. 19, 2021.
  • [24] A. Chithambar Ganesh and M. Muthukannan, "Experimental Study on the Behaviour of Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Geopolymer Concrete under Ambient Curing Condition," IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 561, no. 1, 11 2019.
  • [25] D. Jia, P. He, M. Wang and S. Yan, Short SiC Fiber and Hybrid SiC/Carbon Fiber Reinforced Geopolymer Matrix Composites, vol. 311, 2020, pp. 243-270. 10.1007/978-981-15-9536-3_7.
  • [26] J. Junior, A. Saha, P. Sarker and A. Pramanik, "Workability and flexural properties of fibre-reinforced geopolymer using different mono and hybrid fibres," Materials, vol. 14, no. 16, 2021.
  • [27] M. Maras, "Tensile and flexural strength cracking behavior of geopolymer composite reinforced with hybrid fibers," Arabian Journal of Geosciences, vol. 14, no. 22, 2021.
  • [28] P. Sukontasukkul, P. Pongsopha, P. Chindaprasirt and S. Songpiriyakij, "Flexural performance and toughness of hybrid steel and polypropylene fibre reinforced geopolymer," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 161, pp. 37-44, 2 2018.
  • [29] N. P. Asrani, G. Murali, K. Parthiban, K. Surya, A. Prakash, K. Rathika and U. Chandru, "A feasibility of enhancing the impact resistance of hybrid fibrous geopolymer composites: Experiments and modelling," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 203, pp. 56-68, 4 2019.
  • [30] J. I. Choi, H. H. Nguyễn, S. E. Park, R. Ranade and B. Y. Lee, "Effects of fiber hybridization on mechanical properties and autogenous healing of alkali-activated slag-based composites," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 310, 12 2021.
  • [31] F. U. A. Shaikh, "Tensile and flexural behaviour of recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibre reinforced geopolymer composites," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 245, 6 2020.
  • [32] A. B. Malkawi, M. F. Nuruddin, A. Fauzi, H. Almattarneh and B. S. Mohammed, "Effects of Alkaline Solution on Properties of the HCFA Geopolymer Mortars," Procedia Engineering, vol. 148, pp. 710-717, 2016.
  • [33] R. K. Chaithanya, C. V. Reddy, L. S. Reddy and K. T. Kumar, "Effect Of Molarity On Strength Characteristics Of Geopolymer Mortar Based On Fly ash and GGBS". Solid State Technology. (2020), 63(2s).
  • [34] S. Singh, M. U. Aswath and R. V. Ranganath, "Performance assessment of bricks and prisms: Red mud based geopolymer composite," Journal of Building Engineering, vol. 32, 11 2020.
  • [35] M. Mudgal, A. Singh, R. K. Chouhan, A. Acharya and A. K. Srivastava, "Fly ash red mud geopolymer with improved mechanical strength," Cleaner Engineering and Technology, vol. 4, 10 2021.
  • [36] Y.Aygörmez, "Assessment of performance of metabentonite and metazeolite-based geopolymers with fly ash sand replacement," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 302, 10 2021.
  • [37] Y. Aygörmez, "Evaluation of the red mud and quartz sand on reinforced metazeolite-based geopolymer composites," Journal of Building Engineering, vol. 43, 11 2021.
  • [38] U.Zakira, K. Zheng, N. Xie and B.Birgisson, "Development of high-strength geopolymers from red mud and blast furnace slag," Jour. of Clean. Prod, vol. 383, 1 2023.
  • [39] M. Uysal, Ö. Faruk Kuranlı, Y. Aygörmez, O. Canpolat and T. Çoşgun, "The effect of various fibers on the red mud additive sustainable geopolymer composites," Cons. and Buil. Mat, vol. 363, 1 2023.
  • [40] T. Alomayri and I. M. Low, "Synthesis and characterization of mechanical properties in cotton fiber-reinforced geopolymer composites," Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 30-34, 2013.
  • [41] T. Alomayri, F. U. Shaikh and I. M. Low, "Characterisation of cotton fibre-reinforced geopolymer composites," Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 50, pp. 1-6, 7 2013.
  • [42] H. Baykara, M. H. Cornejo, A. Espinoza, E. García and N. Ulloa, "Preparation, characterization, and evaluation of compressive strength of PFRGM," Heliyon, vol. 6, no. 4, 4 2020.
There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Construction Materials
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Beyza Fahriye Aygün 0000-0002-1317-9148

Mücteba Uysal 0000-0002-6827-9904

Ramazan Çingi 0000-0001-5253-6913

Early Pub Date November 19, 2024
Publication Date November 20, 2024
Submission Date May 18, 2024
Acceptance Date November 6, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 9 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Aygün, B. F., Uysal, M., & Çingi, R. (2024). Mechanical Performance Enhancement of Alkali-Activated Composites Using Synthetic Fibers with Metazeolite and Aluminum Sludge-Based Recycled Concrete Aggregates. International Journal of Engineering Technologies IJET, 9(2), 63-72. https://doi.org/10.19072/ijet.1486080
AMA Aygün BF, Uysal M, Çingi R. Mechanical Performance Enhancement of Alkali-Activated Composites Using Synthetic Fibers with Metazeolite and Aluminum Sludge-Based Recycled Concrete Aggregates. IJET. November 2024;9(2):63-72. doi:10.19072/ijet.1486080
Chicago Aygün, Beyza Fahriye, Mücteba Uysal, and Ramazan Çingi. “Mechanical Performance Enhancement of Alkali-Activated Composites Using Synthetic Fibers With Metazeolite and Aluminum Sludge-Based Recycled Concrete Aggregates”. International Journal of Engineering Technologies IJET 9, no. 2 (November 2024): 63-72. https://doi.org/10.19072/ijet.1486080.
EndNote Aygün BF, Uysal M, Çingi R (November 1, 2024) Mechanical Performance Enhancement of Alkali-Activated Composites Using Synthetic Fibers with Metazeolite and Aluminum Sludge-Based Recycled Concrete Aggregates. International Journal of Engineering Technologies IJET 9 2 63–72.
IEEE B. F. Aygün, M. Uysal, and R. Çingi, “Mechanical Performance Enhancement of Alkali-Activated Composites Using Synthetic Fibers with Metazeolite and Aluminum Sludge-Based Recycled Concrete Aggregates”, IJET, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 63–72, 2024, doi: 10.19072/ijet.1486080.
ISNAD Aygün, Beyza Fahriye et al. “Mechanical Performance Enhancement of Alkali-Activated Composites Using Synthetic Fibers With Metazeolite and Aluminum Sludge-Based Recycled Concrete Aggregates”. International Journal of Engineering Technologies IJET 9/2 (November 2024), 63-72. https://doi.org/10.19072/ijet.1486080.
JAMA Aygün BF, Uysal M, Çingi R. Mechanical Performance Enhancement of Alkali-Activated Composites Using Synthetic Fibers with Metazeolite and Aluminum Sludge-Based Recycled Concrete Aggregates. IJET. 2024;9:63–72.
MLA Aygün, Beyza Fahriye et al. “Mechanical Performance Enhancement of Alkali-Activated Composites Using Synthetic Fibers With Metazeolite and Aluminum Sludge-Based Recycled Concrete Aggregates”. International Journal of Engineering Technologies IJET, vol. 9, no. 2, 2024, pp. 63-72, doi:10.19072/ijet.1486080.
Vancouver Aygün BF, Uysal M, Çingi R. Mechanical Performance Enhancement of Alkali-Activated Composites Using Synthetic Fibers with Metazeolite and Aluminum Sludge-Based Recycled Concrete Aggregates. IJET. 2024;9(2):63-72.

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