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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>int. j. life sci. biotechnol.</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>International Journal of Life Sciences and Biotechnology</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2651-4621</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>International Society of Academicians</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.38001/ijlsb.1845089</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Microbiology (Other)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Mikrobiyoloji (Diğer)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="tr">
                                    <trans-title>Nijerya&#039;nın Akwa Ibom Eyaleti, Okobo Yerel Yönetim Bölgesi&#039;nde Lenfatik Filaryazis Bulaşmasının Moleküler Ksenomonitörleme Yöntemiyle İzlenmesi</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>Molecular Xenomonitoring of Lymphatic Filariasis Transmission in Okobo LGA, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7422-0589</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Opara</surname>
                                    <given-names>Kenneth</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>University of Uyo</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2567-4621</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Ikpeida</surname>
                                    <given-names>Nnamso</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>University of Uyo</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6734-0600</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Udoidung</surname>
                                    <given-names>Nsima</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>University of Uyo</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7447-3220</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Adeleke</surname>
                                    <given-names>Monsuru</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>Osun State University</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9835-8080</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Chikezie</surname>
                                    <given-names>Friday</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>University of Uyo</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9214-6095</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Yaro</surname>
                                    <given-names>Clement</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>University of Uyo</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5709-953X</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Ekpo</surname>
                                    <given-names>Ndifreke</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>University of Uyo</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3657-8539</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Iwalewa</surname>
                                    <given-names>Zarat</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>Osun State University</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9330-7188</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Udoewah</surname>
                                    <given-names>Samson</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>University of Port Harcourt</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0081-6917</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Silas</surname>
                                    <given-names>Idongesit</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>University of Calabar</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20260416">
                    <day>04</day>
                    <month>16</month>
                    <year>2026</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>9</volume>
                                        <issue>1</issue>
                                        <fpage>290</fpage>
                                        <lpage>298</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20251219">
                        <day>12</day>
                        <month>19</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20260125">
                        <day>01</day>
                        <month>25</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2018, International Journal of Life Sciences and Biotechnology</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2018</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>International Journal of Life Sciences and Biotechnology</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="tr">
                            <p>İşte metnin akademik dilde yapılmış Türkçe çevirisi:&quot;Endemik bölgeler, halen önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunu olan lenfatik filaryaz (LF) gibi ihmal edilmiş tropikal hastalıkların yeniden ortaya çıkmasını önlemek için sürekli izleme gerektirmektedir. Moleküler ksenomonitörizasyonun (MX), toplu ilaç uygulaması (MDA) sırasında ve sonrasında kalıntı bulaşmayı saptamak ve eliminasyon çabalarını değerlendirmek için yararlı bir araç olduğu, dolayısıyla potansiyel yeniden canlanmayı önlemek için bir erken uyarı sistemi görevi gördüğü kanıtlanmıştır. Bu çalışma, MDA turlarının uygulandığı endemik bir bölge olan Okobo&#039;da, sivrisineklerdeki Wuchereria bancrofti prevalansını ilk kez moleküler teknikler kullanarak araştırmıştır. Yağışlı ve kurak mevsimler boyunca CDC ışık tuzakları kullanılarak 518 dişi sivrisinek (Culex spp: %95,95, 497 ve Anopheles spp: %4,05, 21) yakalanmıştır. Sivrisinek havuzları (pools), Ssp I tekrar dizisini hedefleyen PZR (PCR) yöntemiyle taranmıştır. Yerel yönetim bölgesi (LGA) genelindeki sivrisineklerde Wuchereria bancrofti prevalansını tahmin etmek için PoolTestR kullanılarak Maksimum Olabilirlik Tahminleri (MLE) hesaplanmıştır. W. bancrofti DNA&#039;sının genel tahmini prevalansı (MLE), Culex spp sivrisineklerinde %9,99 (%95 GA: %6,49-%14,69), Anopheles spp. türünde ise %63,91 (%95 GA: %39,59–%84,67) olarak bulunmuştur. Bu çalışmanın ortaya koyduğu endişe verici derecedeki yüksek enfeksiyon oranı, Okobo&#039;da MDA uygulamalarına devam edilmesi gerektiğini göstermektedir; zira yüksek tahmini prevalans, devam eden insan enfeksiyonu ve LF&#039;nin yeniden ortaya çıkma riski açısından yüksek bir risk teşkil etmektedir. Bu bulgular, LF izleme ve eliminasyon stratejileri için temel veriler sağlamakta ve endemik yerel yönetim bölgelerindeki bulaşma değerlendirme araştırmalarında moleküler sürveyansın önemini vurgulamaktadır.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>Endemic regions require constant monitoring to prevent reemergence of neglected tropical diseases as lymphatic filariasis (LF), which is still a major public health concern. Molecular xenomonitoring (MX) has been proven to be a useful tool to detect residual transmission and evaluate elimination efforts during mass drug administration (MDA) and post-MDA settings, therefore serving as an early warning system to prevent potential resurgence This study investigated Wuchereria bancrofti prevalence in mosquitoes using molecular techniques for the first time in Okobo, an endemic area that has undergone rounds of MDA. Female mosquitoes (518) were caught using CDC light traps (Culex spp: 95.95%, 497 and Anopheles spp: 4.05%, 21) across wet and dry seasons Mosquito pools were screened using PCR, targeting the Ssp I repeat. PoolTestR was used to estimate prevalence of Wuchereria bancrofti in mosquitoes throughout the LGA using Maximum Likelihood Estimates (MLE). The overall estimated prevalence (MLE) of W. bancrofti DNA in Culex spp mosquitoes was 9.99% (95% CI: 6.49%-14.69%) while Anopheles spp., was 63.91% (95% CI: 39.59%–84.67%). The alarming high infection rate revealed by this study begs the need for continued MDA in Okobo as high estimated prevalence is suggestive of high risk of ongoing human infection and LF reemergence. These findings provide a baseline data for LF monitoring and elimination strategies and emphasizes the importance of molecular surveillance in transmission assessment surveys in endemic LGAs.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>parasitology</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  lymphatic filariasis</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  PCR</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  molecular xenomonitoring</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  mosquitoes</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Wuchereria bancrofti</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="tr">
                                                    <kwd>parazitoloji</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  PCR</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  lenfatik filaryaz</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  moleküler ksenomonitoring</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  sivrisinekler</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Wuchereria bancrofti</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
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3.	WHO, Lymphatic filariasis: managing morbidity and preventing disability: an aide-mémoire for national programme managers. iris.who.int. 2021: World Health Organization.
4.		WHO, Lymphatic filariasis factsheet. World Health Organization (WHO) www.who.int, 2023.
5.	Cross, J.H., Filarial Nematodes. Nih.gov. 1996: University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston.
6.	Ottesen, E.A., et al., The Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis: Health Impact after 8 Years. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2008. 2(10): p. e317.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
