The Effectiveness of Different Priming Treatments on Seeds of Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Varieties

Year 2020, Volume: 3 Issue: 3, 342 - 360, 15.12.2020

Kübra Özmen Burcu Kenanoğlu

https://doi.org/10.38001/ijlsb.798333

Abstract

In this research, the effects of hidropriming (HP), ozmopriming (OP) and thermopriming (TP) treatments on seed germination quality in different aubergine varieties seeds were investigated. Aubergine cvs. Manisa Kır Çizgili (MKÇ), Kemer 27 (K) and Aydın Siyahı (AS) seeds which harvested at different maturity levels (50, 55, 60 and 75 days after flowering) were subjected to OP treatments at at 35 0C for 4 and 8 hours (1: 2 / in the dark-light condition) with 10% PEG-6000 solution, HP treatments at 35 0C (1: 2 / dark-light condition) for 4 and 8 hours with distilled water and TP treatments were applied in water bath for two different times (15 and 30 minutes) at 50 ° C. Seed moisture levels were determined in control and priming groups in all cultivars. At the end of the treatments, the seeds were kept until the surface was dry and then they were subjected to petri germination test. At the end of the experiments; OP, HP and TP treatments of aubergine seeds were evaluated on the basis of viability (mean germination time and percentage, seedling root-shoot length). When the analyzed parameters were evaluated, it was seen that the priming positive effect was related to the maturity of the seeds. Normal and total germination parameters, which are dependent variables; It was found to be statistically significant with priming, variety, maturity and their interaction (p<0.001, p<0.01). The differences between the means (p <0.001) of the measurement results of root and shoot lengths, especially in terms of variety x maturity interaction, are statistically significant. The seeds of the 75th day harvests of the AS variety germinated 10% more than the control seeds with TP-15 min. OP-4sa (92%) and HP-4sa (81%) had a more positive effect on germination than control (76%) seeds in the seeds of MKÇ 60th day harvest. The seeds of the K variety 60th day harvest germinated approximately 30% more than the control with TP-30 min treatments. In terms of root and stem length, the results vary according to both seed maturity and varieties. In all varieties, especially in mature seeds (60-75th day harvest), root and shoot lengths showed more development with TP than control. In addition, it has been determined that OP and HP treatments provide more variability in the initial moisture content of seeds, especially in the immature period (harvest on the 50-55th day). Thermopriming, as a pre-sowing treatments in aubergine seeds, has yielded results as a positive alternative to chemical treatments.

Keywords

Solanum melongena L.,, priming, germination

Farklı Priming Uygulamalarının Patlıcan (Solanum melongena L.) Çeşitlerinin Tohumları Üzerindeki Etkinliği

Abstract

Bu araştırmada, farklı patlıcan çeşitlerine ait tohumların hidropriming (HP), ozmopriming (OP) ve termopriming (TP) uygulamalarının tohum çimlenme kalitesi üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Manisa kır çizgili (MKÇ), Kemer 27 (K) ve Aydın Siyahı (AS) çeşitlerinin farklı olgunluk seviyelerinde hasat edilen (çiçeklenmeden sonraki 50, 55, 60 ve 75 gün sonra) patlıcan tohumları 35 0C’de 4 ve 8 saat (1:2/karanlık-aydınlık koşulda) süre boyunca, %10’luk PEG-6000 ile OP, 35 0C’de 4 ve 8 saat (1:2/karanlık-aydınlık koşulda) sürede saf su ile HP ve 50°C’de 2 farklı sürede (15 ve 30 dakika) su banyosunda TP işlemlerine tabi tutulmuştur. Tüm çeşitlerde kontrol ve uygulama gruplarında tohum nem miktarları belirlenmiştir. Uygulamalar sonunda tohumlar yüzey kuruluğu sağlanıncaya kadar bekletilerek ardından petri çimlendirme testine tabi tutulmuştur. Denemeler sonucunda, patlıcan tohumlarının OP, HP ve TP uygulamaları ile canlılık (ortalama çimlenme oranı ve süresi, fide kök-sürgün uzunlukları) bazında değerlendirilmiştir. İncelenen parametreler değerlendirildiğinde, priming olumlu etkisi tohumların olgunluğu ile ilişkili olduğu görülmüştür. Bağımlı değişkenler olan normal ve toplam çimlenme parametreleri; priming, çeşit, olgunluk ve bunların interaksiyonu ile istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur (p<0.001, p<0.01). Kök ve sürgün uzunluk ölçüm sonuçları özellikle çeşitxolgunluk interaksiyonu bakımından ortalamalar arası farklılıklar (p<0.001) istatistiksel açıdan önemlidir. AS çeşidinin 75.gün hasatlarına ait tohumlar, TP-15 dak ile kontrol tohumlarından %10 daha fazla çimlenmiştir. MKÇ 60.gün hasadının tohumlarında OP-4sa (%92) ve HP-4sa (%81) kontrol (%76) tohumlarına göre çimlenme üzerine daha olumlu etki yapmıştır. K çeşidi 60.gün hasadının tohumları ise, TP-30 dak uygulaması ile kontrolden yaklaşık %30 daha fazla çimlenmiştir. Kök ve gövde uzunluğu açısından ise sonuçlar, hem tohum olgunluğuna hem de çeşitlere göre değişkenlik göstermektedir. Tüm çeşitlerde özellikle olgun tohumlarda (60-75. gün hasat) kök ve sürgün uzunlukları TP ile kontrole göre daha fazla gelişim göstermiştir. Ayrıca OP ve HP uygulamalarının tohumlarında ilk nem kapsamlarına özellikle ham dönemde (50-55.gün hasat) daha fazla değişkenlik sağladığı belirlenmiştir. Patlıcan tohumlarında ekim öncesi uygulama olarak termopriming, kimyasal uygulamalara nazaran olumlu bir alternatif olarak sonuç vermiştir.

Keywords

Solanum melongena L.,, priming, germination

References

• Referans 1 Arabacı, Ç., KAPSAİSİNİN BİBERDE (Capsicum annuum L.) ÇİMLENME, ÇIKIŞ ve BİTKİ GELİŞİMİNE ETKİSİ. 2015, Namık Kemal Üniversitesi.
• Referans 2 Argerich, C.A.a.B., K.J, The effects of priming and ageing on seed vigour in tomato. Journal of Experimental Botany, 1989. 40.
• Referans 3 Ashraf, M.a.F., M. R.,, Pre-sowing seed treatment: A shotgun approach to improve germination, plant grow than dcrop yield undersaline and non-saline conditions. Advances in Agronomy, 2005. 88.
• Referans 4 Basra, S.M.A., N. Zia, T. Mahmood, A. Afzaland A. Khaliq, , Comparison of different in vigorati on techniques in wheat (Triricumaestivum L.) seeds. Pak. Journal of Arid Agriculture, 2003. 5.
• Referans 5 Bradford, K., Seed Production and Quality, College of Agricultural & Enviromental Sciences, p: 31-57. 2004.
• Referans 6 Bradford, K.J., Manipulation of seed water relations via osmotic priming to improve germination under stress conditions. HortScience (USA), 1986.
• Referans 7 Delouche, J.C., Environmental effects on seed development and seed quality. 1980.
• Referans 8 FAO. Patlıcan üretim miktarı 2018 17.09.2020]; Available from: http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC.
• Referans 9 Farooq, M., et al., Thermal hardening: a new seed vigor enhancement tool in rice. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 2005. 47(2): p. 187-193.
• Referans 10 H, P., Tohum Önçimlendirme Uygulamalarından Ticari (Hazır) Fide Üretiminde Yararlanma Olanaklarının Belirlenmesi, in Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. 2008, Ege Üniversitesi
• Referans 11 Harris, D., et al., On-farm seed priming in semi-arid agriculture: development and evaluation in maize, rice and chickpea in India using participatory methods. Experimental Agriculture, 1999. 35(1): p. 15-29.
• Referans 12 Heydecker, W. and P. Coolbear, Seed treatments for improved performance survey and attempted prognosis. Seed science and technology, 1977.
• Referans 13 Hsu, C., et al., Accelerated aging-enhanced lipid peroxidation in bitter gourd seeds and effects of priming and hot water soaking treatments. Scientia Horticulturae, 2003. 98(3): p. 201-212.
• Referans 14 Huang, Y.M., H.H. Wang, and K.H. Chen, Application of seed priming treatments in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) production. J. Chinese Soc. Hort Sci, 2002. 48: p. 117-123.
• Referans 15 Khalil, S., H. Moursy, and S. Saleh, Wheat plant reactions to pre–sowing heat hardening of grains. II. Changes in photosynthetic pigments, nitrogen and carbohydrate metabolism. Bull Egyptian Soc Physiol Sci, 1983. 3: p. 161-175.
• Referans 16 Khan, A.A., Preplant physiological seed conditioning. Horticultural reviews, 1992. 13(1): p. 131-181.
• Referans 17 Lin, J. and J. Sung, Pre-sowing treatments for improving emergence of bitter gourd seedlings under optimal and sub-optimal temperatures. 2001.
• Referans 18 Liptay, A. and N. Zariffa, Testing the morphological aspects of polyethylene glycol-primed tomato seeds with proportional odds analysis. HortScience, 1993. 28(9): p. 881-883.
• Referans 19 Liu, Y., et al., X-ray studies on changes in embryo and endosperm morphology during priming and imbibition of tomato seeds. Seed Science Research, 1993. 3(3): p. 171-178.
• Referans 20 McDonald, M.B., Seed priming. Seed technology and its biological basis. Sheffield Academic Press, Sheffield, 2000: p. 287-325.
• Referans 21 Parera, C. and D. Cantliffe, Seed priming: A pre-sowing seed treatment. Hort. Rev, 1994. 16: p. 109-141.
• Referans 22 Shivankar, R., D. Deore, and N. Zode, Effect of pre-sowing seed treatment on establishment and seed yield of sunflower. JOURNAL OF OILSEEDS RESEARCH., 2003. 20: p. 299-300.
• Referans 23 Taylor, A. and G. Harman, Concepts and technologies of selected seed treatments. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 1990. 28(1): p. 321-339.
• Referans 24 TUIK. Patlıcan üretim miktarı 2019 17.09.2020]; Available from: https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=92&locale=tr.
• Referans 25 Venkatasubramanian, A. and R. Umarani, Evaluation of seed priming methods to improve seed performance of tomato (Lycoperison esculentum), egg plant (Solanum melongena) and chilli (Capsicum annum). Seed Science and technology, 2007. 35(2): p. 487-493.
• Referans 26 Wang, H., C. Chen, and J. Sung, Both warm water soaking and matriconditioning treatments enhance anti-oxidation of bitter gourd seeds germinated at sub-optimal temperature. Seed Science and Technology, 2003. 31(1): p. 47-56.
• Referans 27 WARD, F.H. and A.A. POWELL, Evidence for repair processes in onion seeds during storage at high seed moisture contents. Journal of Experimental Botany, 1983. 34(3): p. 277-282.
• Referans 28 WELBAUM, G.E. and K.J. BRADFORD, Water relations of seed development and germination in muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) VI. Influence of priming on germination responses to temperature and water potential during seed development. Journal of Experimental Botany, 1991. 42(3): p. 393-399.