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Sosyobilimsel Konuların Medyada Yer Alma Düzeyi: “Bilim ve Teknik” Dergisi

Year 2021, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 98 - 111, 30.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.32570/ijofe.899437

Abstract

Toplumu bilgilendirmek dünyada gerçekleşen bilimsel gelişmelerle ilgili farkındalık kazanmalarını sağlamak için kitlesel medya araçları ve dijital medya ortamları yoğun bir şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Popüler bilim dergileri toplum ve bilim arasında bir bağlantı görevi üstlenmektedir. İnsanların eleştirel düşünme ve bilim okuryazarlığı geliştirmesi konusunda ise sosyobilimsel konuların önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, “Bilim ve Teknik” popüler bilim dergisinde sosyobilimsel konularla ilgili metinlerin düzeyinin ve konu içeriğinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman analizi yapılan çalışmada tematik analiz yürütülmüştür. 2019 yılı mayıs ayı ve 2020 yılı mayıs ayları arasında yer alan 13 sayıdaki 288 metinden 82 tanesinin sosyobilimsel konu içerikli olduğu belirlenmiştir. İçeriklerin ise daha çok çevre kirliliği, küresel ısınma ve iklim değişikliği konuları yayınlanırken, yapay zeka ve akıllı teknolojiler konularının da ön planda olduğu belirlenmiştir.

References

  • Ayhan, B., Baloğlu, A. G. E., & Livberber, T. (2018). Bilim ve teknoloji haberlerinin dijital medyada sunumu. 7. Uluslararası Çin'den Adriyatik'e Sosyal Bilimler Kongresi, Bakü. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330442357.
  • Bennett, J., Lubben, F., & Hogarth, S. (2007). Bringing science to life: A synthesis of the research evidence on the effects of context‐based and STS approaches to science teaching. Science Education, 91(3), 347-370. https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.20186
  • Bentley, P., & Kyvik, S. (2011). Academic staff and public communication: a survey of popular science publishing across 13 countries. Public Understanding of Science, 20(1), 48-63. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662510384461
  • Bingle, W. H., & Gaskell, P. J. (1994). Scientific literacy for decisionmaking and the social construction of scientific knowledge. Science Education, 78(2), 185-201. https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.3730780206
  • Bilim ve Teknik (2020). Retrieved May 17, 2020, from Bilim ve Teknik Website: https://bilimteknik.tubitak.gov.tr/dergimiz/hakkimizda.
  • Boubonari, T., Markos, A., & Kevrekidis, T. (2013). Greek pre-service teachers' knowledge, attitudes, and environmental behavior toward marine pollution. The Journal of Environmental Education, 44(4), 232-251. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.2013.785381
  • Born, D. (2015). Communicating science, transforming knowledge: Insights into the knowledge communication practices of the popular science magazine GEO. Studying Science Communication, 28-33.
  • Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27-40. . https://doi.org/10.3316/QRJ0902027
  • Bowler, P. J. (2016). Discovering science from an armchair: popular science in British magazines of the interwar years. Annals of Science, 73(1), 89-107. https://doi.org/10.1080/00033790.2015.1061236
  • Buckingham, D. (2013). Media education: Literacy, learning and contemporary culture. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Christidou, V., Dimopoulos, K., & Koulaidis, V. (2004). Constructing social representations of science and technology: the role of metaphors in the press and the popular scientific magazines. Public Understanding of Science, 13(4), 347-362. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662504044108
  • Cooper, C. B. (2011). Media literacy as a key strategy toward improving public acceptance of climate change science. BioScience, 61(3), 231-237. https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2011.61.3.8
  • Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2014). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory. Sage.
  • Çakır, M., Irez, S., & Doğan, Ö. K. (2010). Understandings of current environmental issues: Turkish case study in six teacher education colleges. Educational Studies, 36(1), 21-33. https://doi.org/10.1080/03055690903148522
  • Dağhan, G., Kibar, P. N., Çetin, N. M., Telli, E., & Akkoyunlu, B. (2015). Öğretmen adaylarının sosyal medya destekli bilimsel iletişimi kullanmaları üzerine nitel bir çalışma. Türk Kütüphaneciliği, 29(2), 258-274. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/tk/issue/48742/620119
  • Dani, D., Wan, G., & Henning, J. E. (2010). A Case for Media Literacy in the Context of Socioscientific Issues. New Horizons in Education, 58(3), 85-98.ERIC. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ966662
  • DeBoer, G. E. (2000). Scientific literacy: Another look at its historical and contemporary meanings and its relationship to science education reform. Journal of Research in Science Teaching: The Official Journal of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching, 37(6), 582-601.
  • Değirmenci, A., & Doğru, M. (2017). Türkiye'de sosyobilimsel konularla ilgili yapılan çalışmaların incelenmesi: bir betimsel analiz çalışması. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Buca Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, (44), 123-138. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/deubefd/issue/35768/400238
  • Dudo, A., & Besley, J. C. (2016). Scientists’ prioritization of communication objectives for public engagement. PloS one, 11(2), e0148867. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0148867
  • Elliott, P. (2006). Reviewing newspaper articles as a technique for enhancing the scientific literacy of student‐teachers. International Journal of Science Education, 28(11), 1245-1265. https://doi.org/10.1080/10670560500438420
  • Gardner, G. E., Jones, M. G., & Ferzli, M. (2009). Popular media in the biology classroom: Viewing popular science skeptically. The American Biology Teacher, 71(6), 332-335.
  • Guest, G., MacQueen, K. M., & Namey, E. E. (2012). Introduction to applied thematic analysis. Applied Thematic Analysis, 3, 20.
  • Hodson, D. (2011). Looking to the Future. Springer Science & Business Media.
  • Kachan, M. R., Guilbert, S. M., & Bisanz, G. L. (2006). Do teachers ask students to read news in secondary science?: Evidence from the Canadian context. Science Education, 90(3), 496-521. https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.20113
  • Karisan, D., & Zeidler, D. L. (2017). Contextualization of nature of science within the socioscientific issues framework: A review of research. International Journal of Education in Mathematics, Science and Technology, 5(2), 139-152. https://185.248.56.66/index.php/ijemst/article/view/115
  • Kolstø, S. D. (2001). Scientific literacy for citizenship: Tools for dealing with the science dimension of controversial socioscientific issues. Science education, 85(3), 291-310. https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.1011
  • Klosterman, M. L. (2010). A Comparison of Secondary Science Teachers' Reported and Actual Use of Non-instructional Mass Media: Implications for Science Education and Media Literacy. Unpublished Doctoral dissertation, University of Florida.
  • Klosterman, M. L., Sadler, T. D., & Brown, J. (2012). Science teachers’ use of mass media to address socio-scientific and sustainability issues. Research in Science Education, 42(1), 51-74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-011-9256-z
  • Makridakis, S. (2017). The forthcoming artificial intelligence (AI) revolution: Its impact on society and firms. Futures, 90, 46-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2017.03.006
  • Maksimović, M. (2017). Transforming educational environment through green internet of things (G-IoT). Trend 2017, 23, 32-35. http://www.trend.uns.ac.rs/stskup/trend_2017/radovi/T1.1/T1.1-3.pdf
  • Mogias, A., Boubonari, T., Markos, A., & Kevrekidis, T. (2015). Greek pre-service teachers’ knowledge of ocean sciences issues and attitudes toward ocean stewardship. The Journal of Environmental Education, 46(4), 251-270. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.2015.1050955
  • Molek-Kozakowska, K. (2017). Communicating environmental science beyond academia: Stylistic patterns of newsworthiness in popular science journalism. Discourse & Communication, 11(1), 69-88. https://doi.org/10.1177/1750481316683294
  • (NRC) National Research Council (1996). National Science Education Standards. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
  • Norris, S. P., Phillips, L. M., & Korpan, C. A. (2003). University students' interpretation of media reports of science and its relationship to background knowledge, interest, and reading difficulty. Public Understanding of Science, 12(2), 123-145. https://doi.org/10.1177/09636625030122001
  • Özkan, Ö. (2018). İnternet Haber Medyasında Bilim Haberlerinin Sunumu: Mars Gezegeni Örneği. Uluslararası Kültürel ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi (UKSAD), 4(1), 283-303. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/intjcss/issue/38906/454667
  • Parkinson, J., & Adendorff, R. (2004). The use of popular science articles in teaching scientific literacy. English for Specific Purposes, 23(4), 379-396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esp.2003.11.005
  • Reis, P., & Galvão, C. (2009). Teaching controversial socio-scientific issues in biology and geology classes: A case study. Electronic Journal of Science Education, 162-185.
  • Ricci, O. (2010). Technology for everyone: representations of technology in popular Italian scientific magazines. Public Understanding of Science, 19(5), 578-589. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662509104724
  • Roll, I., & Wylie, R. (2016). Evolution and revolution in artificial intelligence in education. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 26(2), 582-599. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-016-0110-3
  • Sadler, T. D. (2004). Informal reasoning regarding socioscientific issues: A critical review of research. Journal of Research in Science Teaching: The Official Journal of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching, 41(5), 513-536. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.20009
  • Sadler, T. D., & Zeidler, D. L. (2005). The significance of content knowledge for informal reasoning regarding socioscientific issues: Applying genetics knowledge to genetic engineering issues. Science Education, 89(1), 71-93. https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.20023
  • Sadler, T. D. (2009). Situated learning in science education: socio‐scientific issues as contexts for practice. Studies in Science Education, 45(1), 1-42. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057260802681839
  • Stake, R. E. (1995). The Art of Case Study Research. Sage.
  • Svihla, V., & Linn, M. C. (2012). A design-based approach to fostering understanding of global climate change. International Journal of Science Education, 34(5), 651-676. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500693.2011.597453
  • Thoman, E., & Jolls, T. (2004). Media literacy—A national priority for a changing world. American Behavioral Scientist, 48(1), 18-29. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764204267246
  • Timms, M. J. (2016). Letting artificial intelligence in education out of the box: educational cobots and smart classrooms. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 26(2), 701-712. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-016-0095-y
  • Tolppanen, S., & Aksela, M. (2018). Identifying and addressing students' questions on climate change. The Journal of Environmental Education, 49(5), 375-389. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.2017.1417816
  • Utma, S. (2017). Bilimsel okuryazarlık: bilim iletişimi ve medyadaki bilim haberlerini doğru okumak. Journal of International Social Research, 10(50), 788-799.
  • Yin, R. K. (1994). Discovering the future of the case study. Method in evaluation research. Evaluation Practice, 15(3), 283-290. https://doi.org/10.1177/109821409401500309
  • Yore, L., Bisanz, G. L., & Hand, B. M. (2003). Examining the literacy component of science literacy: 25 years of language arts and science research. International Journal of Science Education, 25(6), 689-725. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500690305018
  • Zeidler, D. L., & Nichols, B. H. (2009). Socioscientific issues: Theory and practice. Journal of Elementary Science Education, 21(2), 49.
  • Zeidler, D. L., Sadler, T. D., Simmons, M. L., & Howes, E. V. (2005). Beyond STS: A research‐based framework for socioscientific issues education. Science Education, 89(3), 357-377. https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.20048
  • Zimmerman, C., Bisanz, G. L., Bisanz, J., Klein, J. S., & Klein, P. (2001). Science at the supermarket: A comparison of what appears in the popular press, experts' advice to readers, and what students want to know. Public Understanding of Science, 10(1), 37-58. https://doi.org/10.3109/a036854
Year 2021, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 98 - 111, 30.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.32570/ijofe.899437

Abstract

References

  • Ayhan, B., Baloğlu, A. G. E., & Livberber, T. (2018). Bilim ve teknoloji haberlerinin dijital medyada sunumu. 7. Uluslararası Çin'den Adriyatik'e Sosyal Bilimler Kongresi, Bakü. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330442357.
  • Bennett, J., Lubben, F., & Hogarth, S. (2007). Bringing science to life: A synthesis of the research evidence on the effects of context‐based and STS approaches to science teaching. Science Education, 91(3), 347-370. https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.20186
  • Bentley, P., & Kyvik, S. (2011). Academic staff and public communication: a survey of popular science publishing across 13 countries. Public Understanding of Science, 20(1), 48-63. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662510384461
  • Bingle, W. H., & Gaskell, P. J. (1994). Scientific literacy for decisionmaking and the social construction of scientific knowledge. Science Education, 78(2), 185-201. https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.3730780206
  • Bilim ve Teknik (2020). Retrieved May 17, 2020, from Bilim ve Teknik Website: https://bilimteknik.tubitak.gov.tr/dergimiz/hakkimizda.
  • Boubonari, T., Markos, A., & Kevrekidis, T. (2013). Greek pre-service teachers' knowledge, attitudes, and environmental behavior toward marine pollution. The Journal of Environmental Education, 44(4), 232-251. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.2013.785381
  • Born, D. (2015). Communicating science, transforming knowledge: Insights into the knowledge communication practices of the popular science magazine GEO. Studying Science Communication, 28-33.
  • Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27-40. . https://doi.org/10.3316/QRJ0902027
  • Bowler, P. J. (2016). Discovering science from an armchair: popular science in British magazines of the interwar years. Annals of Science, 73(1), 89-107. https://doi.org/10.1080/00033790.2015.1061236
  • Buckingham, D. (2013). Media education: Literacy, learning and contemporary culture. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Christidou, V., Dimopoulos, K., & Koulaidis, V. (2004). Constructing social representations of science and technology: the role of metaphors in the press and the popular scientific magazines. Public Understanding of Science, 13(4), 347-362. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662504044108
  • Cooper, C. B. (2011). Media literacy as a key strategy toward improving public acceptance of climate change science. BioScience, 61(3), 231-237. https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2011.61.3.8
  • Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2014). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory. Sage.
  • Çakır, M., Irez, S., & Doğan, Ö. K. (2010). Understandings of current environmental issues: Turkish case study in six teacher education colleges. Educational Studies, 36(1), 21-33. https://doi.org/10.1080/03055690903148522
  • Dağhan, G., Kibar, P. N., Çetin, N. M., Telli, E., & Akkoyunlu, B. (2015). Öğretmen adaylarının sosyal medya destekli bilimsel iletişimi kullanmaları üzerine nitel bir çalışma. Türk Kütüphaneciliği, 29(2), 258-274. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/tk/issue/48742/620119
  • Dani, D., Wan, G., & Henning, J. E. (2010). A Case for Media Literacy in the Context of Socioscientific Issues. New Horizons in Education, 58(3), 85-98.ERIC. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ966662
  • DeBoer, G. E. (2000). Scientific literacy: Another look at its historical and contemporary meanings and its relationship to science education reform. Journal of Research in Science Teaching: The Official Journal of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching, 37(6), 582-601.
  • Değirmenci, A., & Doğru, M. (2017). Türkiye'de sosyobilimsel konularla ilgili yapılan çalışmaların incelenmesi: bir betimsel analiz çalışması. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Buca Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, (44), 123-138. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/deubefd/issue/35768/400238
  • Dudo, A., & Besley, J. C. (2016). Scientists’ prioritization of communication objectives for public engagement. PloS one, 11(2), e0148867. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0148867
  • Elliott, P. (2006). Reviewing newspaper articles as a technique for enhancing the scientific literacy of student‐teachers. International Journal of Science Education, 28(11), 1245-1265. https://doi.org/10.1080/10670560500438420
  • Gardner, G. E., Jones, M. G., & Ferzli, M. (2009). Popular media in the biology classroom: Viewing popular science skeptically. The American Biology Teacher, 71(6), 332-335.
  • Guest, G., MacQueen, K. M., & Namey, E. E. (2012). Introduction to applied thematic analysis. Applied Thematic Analysis, 3, 20.
  • Hodson, D. (2011). Looking to the Future. Springer Science & Business Media.
  • Kachan, M. R., Guilbert, S. M., & Bisanz, G. L. (2006). Do teachers ask students to read news in secondary science?: Evidence from the Canadian context. Science Education, 90(3), 496-521. https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.20113
  • Karisan, D., & Zeidler, D. L. (2017). Contextualization of nature of science within the socioscientific issues framework: A review of research. International Journal of Education in Mathematics, Science and Technology, 5(2), 139-152. https://185.248.56.66/index.php/ijemst/article/view/115
  • Kolstø, S. D. (2001). Scientific literacy for citizenship: Tools for dealing with the science dimension of controversial socioscientific issues. Science education, 85(3), 291-310. https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.1011
  • Klosterman, M. L. (2010). A Comparison of Secondary Science Teachers' Reported and Actual Use of Non-instructional Mass Media: Implications for Science Education and Media Literacy. Unpublished Doctoral dissertation, University of Florida.
  • Klosterman, M. L., Sadler, T. D., & Brown, J. (2012). Science teachers’ use of mass media to address socio-scientific and sustainability issues. Research in Science Education, 42(1), 51-74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-011-9256-z
  • Makridakis, S. (2017). The forthcoming artificial intelligence (AI) revolution: Its impact on society and firms. Futures, 90, 46-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2017.03.006
  • Maksimović, M. (2017). Transforming educational environment through green internet of things (G-IoT). Trend 2017, 23, 32-35. http://www.trend.uns.ac.rs/stskup/trend_2017/radovi/T1.1/T1.1-3.pdf
  • Mogias, A., Boubonari, T., Markos, A., & Kevrekidis, T. (2015). Greek pre-service teachers’ knowledge of ocean sciences issues and attitudes toward ocean stewardship. The Journal of Environmental Education, 46(4), 251-270. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.2015.1050955
  • Molek-Kozakowska, K. (2017). Communicating environmental science beyond academia: Stylistic patterns of newsworthiness in popular science journalism. Discourse & Communication, 11(1), 69-88. https://doi.org/10.1177/1750481316683294
  • (NRC) National Research Council (1996). National Science Education Standards. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
  • Norris, S. P., Phillips, L. M., & Korpan, C. A. (2003). University students' interpretation of media reports of science and its relationship to background knowledge, interest, and reading difficulty. Public Understanding of Science, 12(2), 123-145. https://doi.org/10.1177/09636625030122001
  • Özkan, Ö. (2018). İnternet Haber Medyasında Bilim Haberlerinin Sunumu: Mars Gezegeni Örneği. Uluslararası Kültürel ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi (UKSAD), 4(1), 283-303. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/intjcss/issue/38906/454667
  • Parkinson, J., & Adendorff, R. (2004). The use of popular science articles in teaching scientific literacy. English for Specific Purposes, 23(4), 379-396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esp.2003.11.005
  • Reis, P., & Galvão, C. (2009). Teaching controversial socio-scientific issues in biology and geology classes: A case study. Electronic Journal of Science Education, 162-185.
  • Ricci, O. (2010). Technology for everyone: representations of technology in popular Italian scientific magazines. Public Understanding of Science, 19(5), 578-589. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662509104724
  • Roll, I., & Wylie, R. (2016). Evolution and revolution in artificial intelligence in education. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 26(2), 582-599. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-016-0110-3
  • Sadler, T. D. (2004). Informal reasoning regarding socioscientific issues: A critical review of research. Journal of Research in Science Teaching: The Official Journal of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching, 41(5), 513-536. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.20009
  • Sadler, T. D., & Zeidler, D. L. (2005). The significance of content knowledge for informal reasoning regarding socioscientific issues: Applying genetics knowledge to genetic engineering issues. Science Education, 89(1), 71-93. https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.20023
  • Sadler, T. D. (2009). Situated learning in science education: socio‐scientific issues as contexts for practice. Studies in Science Education, 45(1), 1-42. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057260802681839
  • Stake, R. E. (1995). The Art of Case Study Research. Sage.
  • Svihla, V., & Linn, M. C. (2012). A design-based approach to fostering understanding of global climate change. International Journal of Science Education, 34(5), 651-676. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500693.2011.597453
  • Thoman, E., & Jolls, T. (2004). Media literacy—A national priority for a changing world. American Behavioral Scientist, 48(1), 18-29. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764204267246
  • Timms, M. J. (2016). Letting artificial intelligence in education out of the box: educational cobots and smart classrooms. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 26(2), 701-712. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-016-0095-y
  • Tolppanen, S., & Aksela, M. (2018). Identifying and addressing students' questions on climate change. The Journal of Environmental Education, 49(5), 375-389. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.2017.1417816
  • Utma, S. (2017). Bilimsel okuryazarlık: bilim iletişimi ve medyadaki bilim haberlerini doğru okumak. Journal of International Social Research, 10(50), 788-799.
  • Yin, R. K. (1994). Discovering the future of the case study. Method in evaluation research. Evaluation Practice, 15(3), 283-290. https://doi.org/10.1177/109821409401500309
  • Yore, L., Bisanz, G. L., & Hand, B. M. (2003). Examining the literacy component of science literacy: 25 years of language arts and science research. International Journal of Science Education, 25(6), 689-725. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500690305018
  • Zeidler, D. L., & Nichols, B. H. (2009). Socioscientific issues: Theory and practice. Journal of Elementary Science Education, 21(2), 49.
  • Zeidler, D. L., Sadler, T. D., Simmons, M. L., & Howes, E. V. (2005). Beyond STS: A research‐based framework for socioscientific issues education. Science Education, 89(3), 357-377. https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.20048
  • Zimmerman, C., Bisanz, G. L., Bisanz, J., Klein, J. S., & Klein, P. (2001). Science at the supermarket: A comparison of what appears in the popular press, experts' advice to readers, and what students want to know. Public Understanding of Science, 10(1), 37-58. https://doi.org/10.3109/a036854
There are 53 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Şule Elmalı 0000-0002-5203-6246

Publication Date June 30, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Elmalı, Ş. (2021). Sosyobilimsel Konuların Medyada Yer Alma Düzeyi: “Bilim ve Teknik” Dergisi. International Journal of Field Education, 7(1), 98-111. https://doi.org/10.32570/ijofe.899437

       

                         International Journal of Field Educatİon (IJOFE)

                                                      ISSN: 2149-3030