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                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>ijonmes</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>International Journal of Modern Education Studies</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">2618-6209</issn>
                                                                                                        <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Mevlüt AYDOĞMUŞ</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id/>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Studies on Education</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Eğitim Üzerine Çalışmalar</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>The Relationship Between Middle School Students&#039; Digital Literacy Levels, Social Medıa Usage Purposes and Cyberbullying Threat Level</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9202-2703</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Seçkin-kapucu</surname>
                                    <given-names>Munise</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>OSMANGAZI UNIVERSITY</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7460-1488</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Özcan</surname>
                                    <given-names>Hilal</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0208-7870</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Karakaya-özyer</surname>
                                    <given-names>Kübra</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>OSMANGAZI UNIVERSITY</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20211231">
                    <day>12</day>
                    <month>31</month>
                    <year>2021</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>5</volume>
                                        <issue>2</issue>
                                        <fpage>537</fpage>
                                        <lpage>566</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20211006">
                        <day>10</day>
                        <month>06</month>
                        <year>2021</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20211220">
                        <day>12</day>
                        <month>20</month>
                        <year>2021</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2017, International Journal of Modern Education Studies</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2017</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>International Journal of Modern Education Studies</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>The study aims to reveal the relationship between middle school students&#039; digital literacy levels, social media usage purposes, and the frequency of experiencing cyberbullying. A relational model was used in the research. The sample of the study consists of 476 middle school students between the ages of 10-13. &quot;Digital Literacy Scale,&quot; &quot;Social Media Usage Purposes Scale,&quot; and &quot;Cyberbullying Threat Level Scale&quot; were used to obtain the data. t-test (Mann Whitney U), ANOVA (Kruskal Wallis), and correlation analysis were used in the study. The findings showed that students&#039; digital literacy and the use of social media for interpersonal interaction and lesson preparation were moderate and their witnessing, exhibiting, and exposure to cyberbullying was very low. Finally, there were moderate positive relationships between middle school students&#039; digital literacy levels and social media usage for interpersonal interaction and lesson preparation purposes. In addition, digital literacy had a weak positive relationship with being exposed to and witnessing cyberbullying.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Online education</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  digital literacy</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  middle school students</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  cyberbullying</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  social media</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
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