ijonmes International Journal of Modern Education Studies 2618-6209 Mevlüt AYDOĞMUŞ Studies on Education Eğitim Üzerine Çalışmalar Responsive Mobile Learning (M-Learning) Application Design and Architecture in Fog Computing https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6834-6839 Parlakkılıç Alaattin UFUK UNIVERSITY 12 31 2019 3 2 82 94 07 13 2019 12 13 2019 Copyright © 2017, International Journal of Modern Education Studies 2017 International Journal of Modern Education Studies

Today, digital transformation is changing the educational and social life rapidly. In contrast, organizations and educational institutions, developers, and end users do not benefit from cloud-based mobile technologies to the desired level. Mobile systems are used extensively for educational purposes in the Internet of Things (IoT) environment, and the number of online students is increasing. The real problem is how user-friendly, aesthetic mobile learning courses can be effectively delivered on different mobile devices in the desired performance and manner. The responsive design developed with fog computing should be able to provide the ability to design and use mobile learning lessons with sufficient performance, automatically adapted to any browser or device. This should ensure that every person of the target audience can benefit from the lessons without worrying about screen size, resolution, speed and even security. In this study, the fog informatics teaching strategies of mobile learning sensitive teaching design are discussed. The fog computing architecture that can be used with responsive mobile learning, utilizing mobile computing to provide seamless and low latency mobile devices, is described. Finally, a fog-based, responsive designed mobile learning education architecture has been compiled with a better understanding of the lessons and a suitable structure for the use of mobile devices in education.

 Responsive design mobile learning fog computing minimum device set Internet of Things cloud computing Industry 4.0 Abdelshkour, M.(2015). IoT, from Cloud to Fog Computing, https://blogs.cisco.com/perspectives/iot-from-cloud-to-fog-computing Adkins, S.(2013).Ambient Insight's 2012-2017 Worldwide Mobile Learning Market Forecast: Premium Edition ADL.(2016). Mobile Learning Handbook.Retrieved from, https://sites.google.com/a/adlnet.gov/mobile-learning-guide/home/ Amr Elsaadany and Mohamed Soliman (2017). Experimental Evaluation of Internet of Things in the Educational Environment iJEP ‒ Vol. 7, No. 3 https://doi.org/10.3991/ijep.v7i3.7187 Azimi, I., & Anzanpour, A., & Rahmani, A.M., & Liljeberg, P., & Salakoski, T. (2016). Medical warning system based on Internet of Things using fog computing. In Proceedings of the 2016 International Workshop on Big Data and Information Security (IWBIS), Jakarta, Indonesia, 18–19 October 2016; pp. 19–24. Barker, C., & Sparrow, C. (2016). Technology and presentation skills teaching: activity theory as a tool for the design and evaluation of strategies for the use of video as a learning tool in presentation skills teaching in European, Journal of Law and Technology,Vol 7, No 3 Brown, J. & Haag, J. (2016). ADL Mobile Learning Handbook Advanced Distributed Learning, Washington, DC Cha, H. J., Yang, H. K., & Song, Y. J. (2018). A Study on the Design of Fog Computing Architecture Using Sensor Networks. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 18(11), 3633. doi:10.3390/s18113633 Collier, J. (2018).Three Ways Fog Computing is Impacting Education. Retrived from https://www.iotevolutionworld.com/fog/articles/439066-three-ways-fog-computing-impacting-education.htm Ducange, P.,&Pecori, R., & Mezzina,P. (2017). A glimpse on big data analytics in the framework of marketing strategies. Soft Comput.,1–18, doi:10.1007/s00500-017-2536-4. Garba, A., B.,& Armarego, J., & Murray, D., &Kenworthy, W.(2016). "Review of the Information Security and Privacy Challenges in Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) Environments", J. Inf. Priv. Secur., vol. 11, pp. 38-54, Gaved, M. & Peasgood, A. (2017). Fitting in Versus Learning: A Challenge for Migrants Learning Languages Using Smartphones. Journal of Interactive Media in Education. 2017(1), p.1. DOI: http://doi.org/10.5334/jime.436 Heppard, T.(2012). Bye, Bye Waterfall: 5 Steps to Implement Responsive Web Design. Retrieved from, http://readwrite.com/2012/05/10/bye-bye-waterfall-5-steps-to-implement responsive-web-design/ Jonathan, M. (2013). Fog Computing introduction to a New Cloud Evolution. Escrituras silenciadas: paisaje como historiografía. Spain:University of Alcala. ss.111–126.ISBN 978-84-15595-84-7 Meola,A .(2016).How IoT in education is changing the way we learn, Retrieved from http://www.businessinsider.com/internet-of-things-education-2016-9 Musti, S & Kashyap, V. (2013) Responsive Design: The Time is Now Pappas,C. (2015). 7 Tips To Create Responsive Design For Mobile Learning. Retrieved from https://elearningindustry.com/7-tips-create-responsive-design-mobile-learning Pecori, R., A. (2018). Virtual Learning Architecture Enhanced by Fog Computing and Big Data Streams. Future Internet, 10, 4. Pinola, M.(2016). Mobile Computing Devices A Brief Guide to Mobile Devices Including Mini Pcs and Mobile Internet Devices. Retrieved from https://www.lifewire.com /guide-to-mobile-computing-devices-2377708 Quigley, F.(2015). 5 Instructional Design Tips to Create Modern Multi-Device Learning Content. Retrieved fromhttps://www.td.org /Publications/Blogs/Learning-Technologies-Blog/2015/04/5-Instructional-Design-Tips-to-Create-Modern-Multi-Device-Learning-Content Seebo. (2019). IoT Design: Everything You Need to Know. Retrieved from https://www.seebo.com/iot-design/ The Irish Institute of Training & Development (IITD).(2017). Responsive eLearning Design & Development. Retrieved from https://www.iitd.ie/Portals/0/Knowledge%20Centre/responsive-elearning-design-development%20(1).pdf Varma, P. (2014). Design Challenges and Considerations for Responsive eLearning. Retrieved from https://www.upsidelearning.com/blog/index.php/tag/responsive-elearning/ Wang, M. J. Wu, G. Li, J. Li, Q. Li. (2017). “Fog Computing based Content- aware Taxonomy for Caching Optimization in Information-Centric Net- works” IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS), pp. 474-475.