Abstract
Although an unambiguous definition of heat is available for closed systems, the question of how best
to define heat in open systems is not yet settled.
After introducing a set of physical requirements for the definition of heat, this article reviews the
non-equivalent definitions of heat for open systems used by Callen, Casas-Vázquez, DeGroot,
Fox, Haase, Jou, Kondepudi, Lebon, Mazur, Misner, Prigogine, Smith, Thorne, and
Wheeler, emphasizing which physical requirements are not met.
A subsequent section deals with the main objective of this article and introduces a new definition of
heat that avoids the difficulties of the existent definitions, providing (i) a complete distinction between
open and closed systems, (ii) non-redundancy, (iii) natural variables for the thermodynamic potentials,
and (iv) a sound, complete, and intuitive generalization of classical thermodynamic expressions.
References
- D. K. Kondepudi and I. Prigogine, Modern Thermodynamics. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 19 G. H. Bryan, Thermodynamics, an introductory treatise dealing mainly with first principles and their direct applications. Leipzig: B. G. Teubner, 1907.
- R. Haase, "Survey of fundamental laws," in Physical Chemistry, An Advanced Treatise, Volume I Thermodynamics, W. Jost, Ed. London: Academic Press, 1971.
- H. B. Callen, Thermodynamics and an Introduction to Thermostatistics, 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1985.
- D. A. Smith, "Definition of Heat in Open Systems," Aust. J. Phys., vol. 33, pp. 95–105,.1990.
- E. R. Cohen, Ed. Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry, 2nd Printing. Cambridge: IUPAC & RSC Publishing, 2008.
- S. R. De Groot and P. Mazur, Non-equilibrium thermodynamics. New York: Courier Dover Publications, 1984.
- R. F. Fox, "Non-equilibrium thermodynamics," in Encyclopedia of Chemical Physics and Physical Chemistry, Volume I Fundamentals, J. H. Moore and N. D. Spencer, Eds. Bristol: IOP Publishing Bristol, 2001. D. Jou, J. Casas-Vázquez, and G. Lebon, Extended Irreversible Thermodynamics, 4th Ed. New York: Springer, 2010.
- R. Balescu, Statistical dynamics; matter out of equilibrium. London: Imperial College Press, 1997.
- C. Misner, K. S. Thorne, and J. A. Wheeler, Gravitation. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman & Co., 19
Abstract
References
- D. K. Kondepudi and I. Prigogine, Modern Thermodynamics. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 19 G. H. Bryan, Thermodynamics, an introductory treatise dealing mainly with first principles and their direct applications. Leipzig: B. G. Teubner, 1907.
- R. Haase, "Survey of fundamental laws," in Physical Chemistry, An Advanced Treatise, Volume I Thermodynamics, W. Jost, Ed. London: Academic Press, 1971.
- H. B. Callen, Thermodynamics and an Introduction to Thermostatistics, 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1985.
- D. A. Smith, "Definition of Heat in Open Systems," Aust. J. Phys., vol. 33, pp. 95–105,.1990.
- E. R. Cohen, Ed. Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry, 2nd Printing. Cambridge: IUPAC & RSC Publishing, 2008.
- S. R. De Groot and P. Mazur, Non-equilibrium thermodynamics. New York: Courier Dover Publications, 1984.
- R. F. Fox, "Non-equilibrium thermodynamics," in Encyclopedia of Chemical Physics and Physical Chemistry, Volume I Fundamentals, J. H. Moore and N. D. Spencer, Eds. Bristol: IOP Publishing Bristol, 2001. D. Jou, J. Casas-Vázquez, and G. Lebon, Extended Irreversible Thermodynamics, 4th Ed. New York: Springer, 2010.
- R. Balescu, Statistical dynamics; matter out of equilibrium. London: Imperial College Press, 1997.
- C. Misner, K. S. Thorne, and J. A. Wheeler, Gravitation. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman & Co., 19
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Regular Original Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | September 5, 2013 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2013 Volume: 16 Issue: 3 |