Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite
Year 2022, Volume: 25 Issue: 4, 45 - 54, 01.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.5541/ijot.1145655

Abstract

References

  • O. Toussaint, C. Michels, M. Raes and J. Meracle. “Cellular aging and the importance of energetic factors”. Exp. Gerontol.. 30(1), 1-22, 1995; doi:10.1016/0531-5565(94)00038-5.
  • T. Nyström., “A bacterial kind of aging”. PloS Genet..3(12), 2355-2357, 2007; doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.0030224.
  • J.A. Joseph, N. Denisova, D. Fisher, B. Shukitt-Hale, B. Bickford, R. Prior, and G. Cao. “Age-related neurodegeneration and oxidative stress: putative nutritional intervention.” Neurol Clin 16(3):747-755, 1998; doi:10.1016/S0733-8619(05)70092-X.
  • H. Giese, W.K. Snyder, C. van Oostrom, H. van Steeg, M.E.T. Dolle and J. Vijg. “Age related mutation accumulation at lacZ reporter locus in normal and tumor tissues of Trp53-deficient mice”. Mutat. Res. 514, (1-2), 153-163, 2002; doi:10.1016/s1383-5718(01)00329-1.
  • M.G. Kosmadaki and B.A. Gilhrest. “The role of telomeres in skin aging/photoaging”. Micron, 35(3), 155-159, 2004; doi:10.1016/j.micron.2003.11.002.
  • S. Sandal, B. Yilmaz, and D.O. Carpenter. “Genotoxic effects of PCB 52 and PCB 77 on cultured human peripheral lymphocytes”. Mutat. Res., 654, 88-92, 2008; doi:10.1016/j.mrgentox.2008.05.005.
  • A. Salminen, and K. Kaarniranta, K. “Genetics vs. entropy: longevity factors suppress the NF-κB-driven entropic aging process”. Ageing Res. Rev. 9(3),298-314,2010; doi:10.1016/j.arr.2009.11.001.
  • F. Mete, E. Kilic, A. Somay, A. and Yilmaz, B. (2012). “Effects of heat stress on endocrine functions and behaviour in the pre-pubertal rats”. Indian J. Med. Res., Feb., 135, 233-239.
  • P.C.W. Davies, E. Rieper and J.A. Tuszynski, J.A. “Self-organization and entropy reduction in a living cell”. BioSystems, 111(1), 1-10, 2013; doi:10.1016/j.biosystems.2012.10.005.
  • P. Lenart and J. Bienertova-Vasku (2016). Double strand breaks may be a missing link between entropy and aging. Mech. Ageing Dev. 157, 1-6, 2016; doi:10.1016/j.mad.2016.06.002.
  • A.J. Hulbert, R. Pamplona, R. Buffenstein, et al. “Life and death: Metabolic rate, membrane composition, and life span of animals.” Physiol Rev, 87(4):1175-1213, 2007; doi:org/10.1152/physrev.00047.2006.
  • T. Farooqui and AA. Farooqui AA. “Aging: an important factor for the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.” Mech Ageing Dev, 130(4):203-215, 2009; doi:org/10.1016/j.mad.2008.11.006.
  • C. Yildiz V.A. Bilgin, B. Yilmaz and Özilgen M. “Organisms live at far-from-equilibrium with their surroundings while maintaining homeostasis, importing exergy and exporting entropy.” Int J Exergy, 31(3): 287-300, 2020; doi:10.1504/IJEX.2020.106457.
  • L Hayflick. “Aging: The reality: “Anti-aging” is an oxymoron.” J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 59(6): B573–B578, 2004; doi:org/10.1093/gerona/59.6.B573.
  • L. Hayflick. “Biological aging is no longer an unsolved problem.” Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 1100 (1): 1–13,2007; doi:10.1196/annals.1395.001.
  • L. Hayflick. “Entropy explains aging, genetic determinism explains longevity, and undefined terminology explains misunderstanding both.” PloS Genet. 3(2): 2351-2354, 2007; doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.0030220.
  • C.A. Silva and K. Annamalai. “Entropy generation and human aging: Lifespan entropy and effect of physical activity level.” Entropy, 10: 100-123, 2008; doi:org/10.3390/entropy-e10020100.
  • C.A. Silva and K. Annamalai. “Entropy generation and human aging: lifespan entropy and effect of diet composition and caloric restriction diets,” J. Thermodyn. 2009(186723), 1-10, 2009; doi:10.1155/2009/186723.
  • K. Annamalai and C.A. Silva. “Entropy stress and scaling of vital organs over life span based on allometric laws.” Entropy 14(12): 2550e77, 2012; https://doi.org/10.3390/e14122550.
  • E. Schrödinger. “What is life? The physical aspects of a living cell”. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1944.
  • I. Prigogine, J. Wiame. “Biologie et thermodynamique des phénomènes irréversibles.” Experientia, 2(11): 451-453, 1946; doi:10.1007/BF02153597.
  • B.H. Yalçınkaya, S. Genc, J. Çatak, M. Özilgen and B. Yilmaz. “Mitochondrial Energy Conversion" in "Comprehensive Energy Systems" I. Dincer, (Editor), Elsevier, February 21, 2018.
  • R. Jumpertz, R.L. Hanson, M.L. Sievers, P.H. Bennet, R.G. Nelson and J. Krakoff.” Higher energy expenditure in humans predicts natural mortality.” J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 96(6): E972-976, 2011; doi:10.1210/jc.2010-2944.
  • C.K. Martin, L.K. Heilbronn, L. de Jonge, J.P. DeLany, J. Volaufova, S.D. Anton, L.M. Redman, S.R. Smith and E. Ravussin. ”Effect of calorie restriction on resting metabolic rate and spontaneous physical activity.” Obesity (Silver Spring); 15(12):2964-2973, 2007; doi: 10.1038/oby.2007.354.
  • S.B. Roberts, P. Fuss, W.J. Evans, M.B. Heyman and V.R. Young. “Energy expenditure, aging and body composition.” J. Nutr.123(2 suppl):474-480, 1993; doi:10.1093/jn/123.suppl_2.474.
  • L. Fontana. “The scientific basis of caloric restriction leading to longer life.” Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol., 25:144-150, 2009; doi:10.1097/MOG.0b013e32831ef1ba.
  • L. Kuddusi. “Thermodynamics and life span estimation.” Energy; 80:227-238, 2015; doi:org/10.1016/j.energy.2014.11.065.
  • A.K. Patel and S.P.S. Rajput. “Thermodynamic life cycle assessment of humans with considering food habits and energy intake.” Saudi J. Biol. Sci. 28:531-540, 2021; doi:org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.10.038.
  • M.E. Öngel, C. Yildız, C. Akpınaroğlu, B. Yilmaz, M. Özilgen. “Why women may live longer than men do? A telomere-length regulated and diet-based entropic assessment.” Clin. Nut. 40(3): 1186-1191, 2020; doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2020.07.030.
  • R.J. Hodes. “Telomere length, aging and somatic cell turnover.” J. Exp. Med., 190(2): 153–156, 1999; doi:10.1084/jem.190.2.153.
  • A. Müezzinler, A.K. Zaineddin and H.A. Brenner “Systematic review of leukocyte telomere length and age in adults.” Ageing. Res. Rev., 12(2): 509-519, 2013; doi:10.1016/j.arr.2013.01.003.
  • C. Massafra, D. Gioia, C. De Felice, E. Picciolini, V. De Leo, M. Bonifazi and A. Bernabei. “Effects of estrogens and androgens on erythrocyte antioxidantsuperoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities during the menstrual cycle.” J. Endocrinol., 167, 447–4522000; doi:10.1677/joe.0.1670447.
  • T.L.B. Kirkwood. “Evolution of ageing, Mechanisms of ageing and development.” 123 (7): 737-745, 2002; doi:org/10.1016/S0047-6374(01)00419-5.
  • S. Casagrande and M. Hau. “Telomere attrition: Metabolic regulation and signalling function?” Biol. Lett., 15(3): 20180885, 2019; doi:10.1098/rsbl.2018.0885.
  • D.T.A. Eisenberg. “An evolutionary review of human telomere biology: The thrifty telomere hypothesis and notes on potential adaptive paternal effects.” Am. J. Hum. Biol., 23(2): 149–167, 2011; doi:org/10.1002/ajhb.21127.
  • S.B. Roberts and W.A. Coward. “Lactation increases the efficiency of energy utilization in rats.” J. Nutr., 114(12):2193-200, 1984; doi:10.1093/jn/114.12.2193.
  • S.B. Roberts, T.J. Cole and W.A. Coward. “Lactational performance in relation to energy intake in baboon.” Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 41(6):1270-1276, 1985; doi:10.1093/ajcn/41.6.1270.
  • Knopp HR. Hormone-mediated changes in nutrient metabolism in pregnancy: A physiological basis for normal fetal development, Ann NY Acad Sci, 1997;817, 251-271; doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48212.x.
  • L. Bernstein, L. Lipworth, R.K. Ross and D. Trichopoulos. “Correlation of estrogen levels between successive pregnancies.” Am. J. Epidemiol., 142(6), 625-628, 1995; doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117685.
  • M.E. Rosello-Soberon, L. Fuentes-Chaparro and E. Casanueva. “Twin pregnancies: Eating for three? Maternal nutrition update.” Nutr. Rev. 63(9), 295–302, 2005; doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2005.tb00144.x.
  • F.J. Darne, H.H. McGarrigle and G.C. Lachelin. “Diurnal variation of plasma and saliva oestrogen, progesterone, cortisol and plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate in late pregnancy.” Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol., 32(2): 57-66, 1989; doi:10.1016/0028-2243(89)90184-6.
  • M.A. Kominiarek and P. Rajan. “Nutrition recommendations in pregnancy and lactation.” Med. Clin. North Am., 100 (6): 1199–1215, 2016; doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2016.06.004.
  • R.G.J. Westendorp and T.B.L. Kirkwood “Human longevity at the cost of reproductive success.” Nature, 396, 743-746, 1998; doi:10.1038/25519.
  • K.R. Smith, G.P. Mineau and L.L. Bean “Fertility and post-reproductive longevity.” Soc. Biol. 49(3-4):185–205, 2010; doi:10.1080/19485565.2002.9989058
  • J.E. Lycett, R.I.M. Dunbar and E. Voland. “Longevity and the costs of reproduction in a historical human population.” Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol Sci, 267(1438):31-35, 2000; doi:10.1098/rspb.2000.0962.
  • C-H. Hsu, O. Posegga, K. Fischbach and H. Engelhardt. “Examining the trade-offs between human fertility and longevity over three centuries using crowdsourced genealogy data.” PLoS One, 16(8): e0255528, 2021; doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0255528
  • DGA. “2020-2025 dietary guidelines for Americans,” US Department of Health and Human Services and US Department of Agriculture, December 2020.
  • P. Trumbo, S. Schlicker and Yates AA, et al. “Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine: Dietary reference intakes for energy, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, protein, and amino acids.” National Academies Press Washington, DC, 2002.
  • P. Monsivais and A. Drewnowski. “The rising cost of low-energy-density foods.” J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 107(12), 2071-2076, 2007; doi:10.1016/j.jada.2007.09.009.
  • R. Elango and R.O Ball. “Protein and amino acid requirements during pregnancy.” Adv. Nut. 7(4), 839S-844S, 2016; doi:org/10.3945/an.115.011817).
  • IOM and NRC. Institute of Medicine (US) and National Research Council (US) Committee to reexamine IOM pregnancy weight guidelines. “Weight gain during pregnancy: Reexamining the guidelines.” K.M. Rasmussen and A.L. Yaktine. (editors). National Academies Press, Washington DC, 2009.
  • B. Luke. “Nutrition and multiple gestation.” Semin. Perinatol, 29, 349-354; 2005; doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2005.08.004.
  • S. Kish. “Healthy, low calorie foods cost more on average,” available at https://naldc.nal.usda.gov/download/15381/PDF; accessed February 6, 2021.
  • R. Rajikan, N.S.A. Zaidi, S.M. Elias. “Construction of healthy and palatable diet for low socioeconomic female adults using linear programming.” Int J Adv Sci. Eng. Inf. Techno. 7(1), 125-131, 2017; doi:10.18517/ijaseit.7.1.1191. USDA (2021). “Food composition database.” Available at https://fdc.nal.usda.gov; accessed: 03.02.2021.
  • Z. Huang, X, Zhao, H. Zhang, G. Liang, H. Qi, X. He C, Zhu, S. Ge and J. Zhang. “The association between mitochondrial DNA copy number, telomere length, and tubal pregnancy.” Placenta, 97: 108–114, 2020; doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2020.06.017.
  • T. Napso, H.E.J. Yong, J. Lopez-Tello, and A.N. Sferruzzi-Perri AN. “The role of placental hormones in mediating maternal adaptations to support pregnancy and lactation.” Front. Physiol. 9(1091), 1-39, 2018; doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01091.
  • W. Goodnight and R. Newman. “Optimal nutrition for improved twin pregnancy outcome.” Obstet Gynecol, 114 (5), 1121-1134, 2009; doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181bb14c8.
  • G. Ulu, A.S. Semerciöz, and M. Özilgen. “Energy storage and reuse in biological systems: Case studies.” Energy Storage, e253, 2021; doi:org/10.1002/est2.253.
  • A.J. Cruz-Jentoft, G. Bahat, J. Bauer J. et al. “Sarcopenia: Revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis.” Age Ageing, 48(1), 16–312, 2019; doi:10.1093/ageing/afy169.
  • S. Helle and V. Lummaa. “A trade-off between having many sons and shorter maternal post-reproductive survival in pre-industrial Finland.” Biol. Lett, 9, 20130034, 2013; http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2013.0034.
  • K. Annamalai. “Oxygen deficient (OD) combustion and metabolism: Allometric laws of organs and Kleiber’s law from OD metabolism?” Systems 9, 54, 2021; doi:org/10.3390/systems 9030054.
  • M. Popovic. “Thermodynamic properties of microorganisms: Determination and analysis of enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy of biomass, cells and colonies of 32 microorganism species.” Heliyon 5, e0195, 2019; doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01950
  • M. Rubner. Machinery of metabolism, J. Am. Med. Assoc. 66(24):1879, 1916.
  • C. Yildiz C, M.E. Öngel, B. Yilmaz, and M. Özilgen. “Diet-dependent entropic assessment of athletes’ lifespan.” J. Nutr. Sci.10, E-83, 2021; doi:10.1017/jns.2021.78.
  • C. Yildiz, S.A. Semerciöz, B.H. Yalçinkaya, T.D. Ipek TD, E. Ozturk- Isik, and M. Özilgen. “Entropy generation and accumulation in biological systems.” Int J Exergy 33(4), 444-468, 2020; doi:10.1504/IJEX.2020.111691.
  • A.S. Semerciöz, B. Yilmaz and M. Özilgen. “Thermodynamic assessment of the allocation of the energy and exergy of the nutrients for the life processes during pregnancy. Br J Nutr 2020;124(7), 742-753; doi:org/10.1017/S0007114520001646.
  • M.E. Todhunter R.W. Sayaman, M. Miyano and M.A. LaBarge. “Tissue aging: The integration of collective and variant responses of cells to entropic forces over time.” Curr Opin Cell Biol; 54, 121–129, 2018; doi:org/10.1016/j.ceb.2018.05.016.
  • Y-A. Shin and K-Y Lee. “Low estrogen levels and obesity are associated with shorter telomere lengths in pre-and postmenopausal women” J Exerc. Rehabil., 12(3): 238 – 246, 2016; doi:org/10.12965/jer.1632584.292.

Thermodynamic Assessment of the Impact of Pregnancy and Lactation on the Longevity of Women

Year 2022, Volume: 25 Issue: 4, 45 - 54, 01.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.5541/ijot.1145655

Abstract

Effects of the pregnancy and the following lactation periods on the lifespan entropy of the women has been evaluated. In the case of singleton pregnancy, a wealthy woman may generate 1.5% and in the case of twin pregnancy 2.1% of the total lifespan entropy of a non-pregnant wealthy women. In the case of a poor woman the singleton pregnancy, may generate 1.8% and in case of the twin pregnancy 2.1% of the total lifespan entropy generated by the non-pregnant wealthy woman. Results of the diet-based thermodynamic calculations for the poor women are compared with the demographic data collected across pre-industrial Europe and a good agreement was found.

References

  • O. Toussaint, C. Michels, M. Raes and J. Meracle. “Cellular aging and the importance of energetic factors”. Exp. Gerontol.. 30(1), 1-22, 1995; doi:10.1016/0531-5565(94)00038-5.
  • T. Nyström., “A bacterial kind of aging”. PloS Genet..3(12), 2355-2357, 2007; doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.0030224.
  • J.A. Joseph, N. Denisova, D. Fisher, B. Shukitt-Hale, B. Bickford, R. Prior, and G. Cao. “Age-related neurodegeneration and oxidative stress: putative nutritional intervention.” Neurol Clin 16(3):747-755, 1998; doi:10.1016/S0733-8619(05)70092-X.
  • H. Giese, W.K. Snyder, C. van Oostrom, H. van Steeg, M.E.T. Dolle and J. Vijg. “Age related mutation accumulation at lacZ reporter locus in normal and tumor tissues of Trp53-deficient mice”. Mutat. Res. 514, (1-2), 153-163, 2002; doi:10.1016/s1383-5718(01)00329-1.
  • M.G. Kosmadaki and B.A. Gilhrest. “The role of telomeres in skin aging/photoaging”. Micron, 35(3), 155-159, 2004; doi:10.1016/j.micron.2003.11.002.
  • S. Sandal, B. Yilmaz, and D.O. Carpenter. “Genotoxic effects of PCB 52 and PCB 77 on cultured human peripheral lymphocytes”. Mutat. Res., 654, 88-92, 2008; doi:10.1016/j.mrgentox.2008.05.005.
  • A. Salminen, and K. Kaarniranta, K. “Genetics vs. entropy: longevity factors suppress the NF-κB-driven entropic aging process”. Ageing Res. Rev. 9(3),298-314,2010; doi:10.1016/j.arr.2009.11.001.
  • F. Mete, E. Kilic, A. Somay, A. and Yilmaz, B. (2012). “Effects of heat stress on endocrine functions and behaviour in the pre-pubertal rats”. Indian J. Med. Res., Feb., 135, 233-239.
  • P.C.W. Davies, E. Rieper and J.A. Tuszynski, J.A. “Self-organization and entropy reduction in a living cell”. BioSystems, 111(1), 1-10, 2013; doi:10.1016/j.biosystems.2012.10.005.
  • P. Lenart and J. Bienertova-Vasku (2016). Double strand breaks may be a missing link between entropy and aging. Mech. Ageing Dev. 157, 1-6, 2016; doi:10.1016/j.mad.2016.06.002.
  • A.J. Hulbert, R. Pamplona, R. Buffenstein, et al. “Life and death: Metabolic rate, membrane composition, and life span of animals.” Physiol Rev, 87(4):1175-1213, 2007; doi:org/10.1152/physrev.00047.2006.
  • T. Farooqui and AA. Farooqui AA. “Aging: an important factor for the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.” Mech Ageing Dev, 130(4):203-215, 2009; doi:org/10.1016/j.mad.2008.11.006.
  • C. Yildiz V.A. Bilgin, B. Yilmaz and Özilgen M. “Organisms live at far-from-equilibrium with their surroundings while maintaining homeostasis, importing exergy and exporting entropy.” Int J Exergy, 31(3): 287-300, 2020; doi:10.1504/IJEX.2020.106457.
  • L Hayflick. “Aging: The reality: “Anti-aging” is an oxymoron.” J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 59(6): B573–B578, 2004; doi:org/10.1093/gerona/59.6.B573.
  • L. Hayflick. “Biological aging is no longer an unsolved problem.” Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 1100 (1): 1–13,2007; doi:10.1196/annals.1395.001.
  • L. Hayflick. “Entropy explains aging, genetic determinism explains longevity, and undefined terminology explains misunderstanding both.” PloS Genet. 3(2): 2351-2354, 2007; doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.0030220.
  • C.A. Silva and K. Annamalai. “Entropy generation and human aging: Lifespan entropy and effect of physical activity level.” Entropy, 10: 100-123, 2008; doi:org/10.3390/entropy-e10020100.
  • C.A. Silva and K. Annamalai. “Entropy generation and human aging: lifespan entropy and effect of diet composition and caloric restriction diets,” J. Thermodyn. 2009(186723), 1-10, 2009; doi:10.1155/2009/186723.
  • K. Annamalai and C.A. Silva. “Entropy stress and scaling of vital organs over life span based on allometric laws.” Entropy 14(12): 2550e77, 2012; https://doi.org/10.3390/e14122550.
  • E. Schrödinger. “What is life? The physical aspects of a living cell”. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1944.
  • I. Prigogine, J. Wiame. “Biologie et thermodynamique des phénomènes irréversibles.” Experientia, 2(11): 451-453, 1946; doi:10.1007/BF02153597.
  • B.H. Yalçınkaya, S. Genc, J. Çatak, M. Özilgen and B. Yilmaz. “Mitochondrial Energy Conversion" in "Comprehensive Energy Systems" I. Dincer, (Editor), Elsevier, February 21, 2018.
  • R. Jumpertz, R.L. Hanson, M.L. Sievers, P.H. Bennet, R.G. Nelson and J. Krakoff.” Higher energy expenditure in humans predicts natural mortality.” J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 96(6): E972-976, 2011; doi:10.1210/jc.2010-2944.
  • C.K. Martin, L.K. Heilbronn, L. de Jonge, J.P. DeLany, J. Volaufova, S.D. Anton, L.M. Redman, S.R. Smith and E. Ravussin. ”Effect of calorie restriction on resting metabolic rate and spontaneous physical activity.” Obesity (Silver Spring); 15(12):2964-2973, 2007; doi: 10.1038/oby.2007.354.
  • S.B. Roberts, P. Fuss, W.J. Evans, M.B. Heyman and V.R. Young. “Energy expenditure, aging and body composition.” J. Nutr.123(2 suppl):474-480, 1993; doi:10.1093/jn/123.suppl_2.474.
  • L. Fontana. “The scientific basis of caloric restriction leading to longer life.” Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol., 25:144-150, 2009; doi:10.1097/MOG.0b013e32831ef1ba.
  • L. Kuddusi. “Thermodynamics and life span estimation.” Energy; 80:227-238, 2015; doi:org/10.1016/j.energy.2014.11.065.
  • A.K. Patel and S.P.S. Rajput. “Thermodynamic life cycle assessment of humans with considering food habits and energy intake.” Saudi J. Biol. Sci. 28:531-540, 2021; doi:org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.10.038.
  • M.E. Öngel, C. Yildız, C. Akpınaroğlu, B. Yilmaz, M. Özilgen. “Why women may live longer than men do? A telomere-length regulated and diet-based entropic assessment.” Clin. Nut. 40(3): 1186-1191, 2020; doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2020.07.030.
  • R.J. Hodes. “Telomere length, aging and somatic cell turnover.” J. Exp. Med., 190(2): 153–156, 1999; doi:10.1084/jem.190.2.153.
  • A. Müezzinler, A.K. Zaineddin and H.A. Brenner “Systematic review of leukocyte telomere length and age in adults.” Ageing. Res. Rev., 12(2): 509-519, 2013; doi:10.1016/j.arr.2013.01.003.
  • C. Massafra, D. Gioia, C. De Felice, E. Picciolini, V. De Leo, M. Bonifazi and A. Bernabei. “Effects of estrogens and androgens on erythrocyte antioxidantsuperoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities during the menstrual cycle.” J. Endocrinol., 167, 447–4522000; doi:10.1677/joe.0.1670447.
  • T.L.B. Kirkwood. “Evolution of ageing, Mechanisms of ageing and development.” 123 (7): 737-745, 2002; doi:org/10.1016/S0047-6374(01)00419-5.
  • S. Casagrande and M. Hau. “Telomere attrition: Metabolic regulation and signalling function?” Biol. Lett., 15(3): 20180885, 2019; doi:10.1098/rsbl.2018.0885.
  • D.T.A. Eisenberg. “An evolutionary review of human telomere biology: The thrifty telomere hypothesis and notes on potential adaptive paternal effects.” Am. J. Hum. Biol., 23(2): 149–167, 2011; doi:org/10.1002/ajhb.21127.
  • S.B. Roberts and W.A. Coward. “Lactation increases the efficiency of energy utilization in rats.” J. Nutr., 114(12):2193-200, 1984; doi:10.1093/jn/114.12.2193.
  • S.B. Roberts, T.J. Cole and W.A. Coward. “Lactational performance in relation to energy intake in baboon.” Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 41(6):1270-1276, 1985; doi:10.1093/ajcn/41.6.1270.
  • Knopp HR. Hormone-mediated changes in nutrient metabolism in pregnancy: A physiological basis for normal fetal development, Ann NY Acad Sci, 1997;817, 251-271; doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48212.x.
  • L. Bernstein, L. Lipworth, R.K. Ross and D. Trichopoulos. “Correlation of estrogen levels between successive pregnancies.” Am. J. Epidemiol., 142(6), 625-628, 1995; doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117685.
  • M.E. Rosello-Soberon, L. Fuentes-Chaparro and E. Casanueva. “Twin pregnancies: Eating for three? Maternal nutrition update.” Nutr. Rev. 63(9), 295–302, 2005; doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2005.tb00144.x.
  • F.J. Darne, H.H. McGarrigle and G.C. Lachelin. “Diurnal variation of plasma and saliva oestrogen, progesterone, cortisol and plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate in late pregnancy.” Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol., 32(2): 57-66, 1989; doi:10.1016/0028-2243(89)90184-6.
  • M.A. Kominiarek and P. Rajan. “Nutrition recommendations in pregnancy and lactation.” Med. Clin. North Am., 100 (6): 1199–1215, 2016; doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2016.06.004.
  • R.G.J. Westendorp and T.B.L. Kirkwood “Human longevity at the cost of reproductive success.” Nature, 396, 743-746, 1998; doi:10.1038/25519.
  • K.R. Smith, G.P. Mineau and L.L. Bean “Fertility and post-reproductive longevity.” Soc. Biol. 49(3-4):185–205, 2010; doi:10.1080/19485565.2002.9989058
  • J.E. Lycett, R.I.M. Dunbar and E. Voland. “Longevity and the costs of reproduction in a historical human population.” Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol Sci, 267(1438):31-35, 2000; doi:10.1098/rspb.2000.0962.
  • C-H. Hsu, O. Posegga, K. Fischbach and H. Engelhardt. “Examining the trade-offs between human fertility and longevity over three centuries using crowdsourced genealogy data.” PLoS One, 16(8): e0255528, 2021; doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0255528
  • DGA. “2020-2025 dietary guidelines for Americans,” US Department of Health and Human Services and US Department of Agriculture, December 2020.
  • P. Trumbo, S. Schlicker and Yates AA, et al. “Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine: Dietary reference intakes for energy, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, protein, and amino acids.” National Academies Press Washington, DC, 2002.
  • P. Monsivais and A. Drewnowski. “The rising cost of low-energy-density foods.” J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 107(12), 2071-2076, 2007; doi:10.1016/j.jada.2007.09.009.
  • R. Elango and R.O Ball. “Protein and amino acid requirements during pregnancy.” Adv. Nut. 7(4), 839S-844S, 2016; doi:org/10.3945/an.115.011817).
  • IOM and NRC. Institute of Medicine (US) and National Research Council (US) Committee to reexamine IOM pregnancy weight guidelines. “Weight gain during pregnancy: Reexamining the guidelines.” K.M. Rasmussen and A.L. Yaktine. (editors). National Academies Press, Washington DC, 2009.
  • B. Luke. “Nutrition and multiple gestation.” Semin. Perinatol, 29, 349-354; 2005; doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2005.08.004.
  • S. Kish. “Healthy, low calorie foods cost more on average,” available at https://naldc.nal.usda.gov/download/15381/PDF; accessed February 6, 2021.
  • R. Rajikan, N.S.A. Zaidi, S.M. Elias. “Construction of healthy and palatable diet for low socioeconomic female adults using linear programming.” Int J Adv Sci. Eng. Inf. Techno. 7(1), 125-131, 2017; doi:10.18517/ijaseit.7.1.1191. USDA (2021). “Food composition database.” Available at https://fdc.nal.usda.gov; accessed: 03.02.2021.
  • Z. Huang, X, Zhao, H. Zhang, G. Liang, H. Qi, X. He C, Zhu, S. Ge and J. Zhang. “The association between mitochondrial DNA copy number, telomere length, and tubal pregnancy.” Placenta, 97: 108–114, 2020; doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2020.06.017.
  • T. Napso, H.E.J. Yong, J. Lopez-Tello, and A.N. Sferruzzi-Perri AN. “The role of placental hormones in mediating maternal adaptations to support pregnancy and lactation.” Front. Physiol. 9(1091), 1-39, 2018; doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01091.
  • W. Goodnight and R. Newman. “Optimal nutrition for improved twin pregnancy outcome.” Obstet Gynecol, 114 (5), 1121-1134, 2009; doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181bb14c8.
  • G. Ulu, A.S. Semerciöz, and M. Özilgen. “Energy storage and reuse in biological systems: Case studies.” Energy Storage, e253, 2021; doi:org/10.1002/est2.253.
  • A.J. Cruz-Jentoft, G. Bahat, J. Bauer J. et al. “Sarcopenia: Revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis.” Age Ageing, 48(1), 16–312, 2019; doi:10.1093/ageing/afy169.
  • S. Helle and V. Lummaa. “A trade-off between having many sons and shorter maternal post-reproductive survival in pre-industrial Finland.” Biol. Lett, 9, 20130034, 2013; http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2013.0034.
  • K. Annamalai. “Oxygen deficient (OD) combustion and metabolism: Allometric laws of organs and Kleiber’s law from OD metabolism?” Systems 9, 54, 2021; doi:org/10.3390/systems 9030054.
  • M. Popovic. “Thermodynamic properties of microorganisms: Determination and analysis of enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy of biomass, cells and colonies of 32 microorganism species.” Heliyon 5, e0195, 2019; doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01950
  • M. Rubner. Machinery of metabolism, J. Am. Med. Assoc. 66(24):1879, 1916.
  • C. Yildiz C, M.E. Öngel, B. Yilmaz, and M. Özilgen. “Diet-dependent entropic assessment of athletes’ lifespan.” J. Nutr. Sci.10, E-83, 2021; doi:10.1017/jns.2021.78.
  • C. Yildiz, S.A. Semerciöz, B.H. Yalçinkaya, T.D. Ipek TD, E. Ozturk- Isik, and M. Özilgen. “Entropy generation and accumulation in biological systems.” Int J Exergy 33(4), 444-468, 2020; doi:10.1504/IJEX.2020.111691.
  • A.S. Semerciöz, B. Yilmaz and M. Özilgen. “Thermodynamic assessment of the allocation of the energy and exergy of the nutrients for the life processes during pregnancy. Br J Nutr 2020;124(7), 742-753; doi:org/10.1017/S0007114520001646.
  • M.E. Todhunter R.W. Sayaman, M. Miyano and M.A. LaBarge. “Tissue aging: The integration of collective and variant responses of cells to entropic forces over time.” Curr Opin Cell Biol; 54, 121–129, 2018; doi:org/10.1016/j.ceb.2018.05.016.
  • Y-A. Shin and K-Y Lee. “Low estrogen levels and obesity are associated with shorter telomere lengths in pre-and postmenopausal women” J Exerc. Rehabil., 12(3): 238 – 246, 2016; doi:org/10.12965/jer.1632584.292.
There are 68 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Gizem Ulu

Melek Ece Öngel

Bayram Yılmaz

Mustafa Özilgen

Publication Date December 1, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 25 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Ulu, G., Öngel, M. E., Yılmaz, B., Özilgen, M. (2022). Thermodynamic Assessment of the Impact of Pregnancy and Lactation on the Longevity of Women. International Journal of Thermodynamics, 25(4), 45-54. https://doi.org/10.5541/ijot.1145655
AMA Ulu G, Öngel ME, Yılmaz B, Özilgen M. Thermodynamic Assessment of the Impact of Pregnancy and Lactation on the Longevity of Women. International Journal of Thermodynamics. December 2022;25(4):45-54. doi:10.5541/ijot.1145655
Chicago Ulu, Gizem, Melek Ece Öngel, Bayram Yılmaz, and Mustafa Özilgen. “Thermodynamic Assessment of the Impact of Pregnancy and Lactation on the Longevity of Women”. International Journal of Thermodynamics 25, no. 4 (December 2022): 45-54. https://doi.org/10.5541/ijot.1145655.
EndNote Ulu G, Öngel ME, Yılmaz B, Özilgen M (December 1, 2022) Thermodynamic Assessment of the Impact of Pregnancy and Lactation on the Longevity of Women. International Journal of Thermodynamics 25 4 45–54.
IEEE G. Ulu, M. E. Öngel, B. Yılmaz, and M. Özilgen, “Thermodynamic Assessment of the Impact of Pregnancy and Lactation on the Longevity of Women”, International Journal of Thermodynamics, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 45–54, 2022, doi: 10.5541/ijot.1145655.
ISNAD Ulu, Gizem et al. “Thermodynamic Assessment of the Impact of Pregnancy and Lactation on the Longevity of Women”. International Journal of Thermodynamics 25/4 (December 2022), 45-54. https://doi.org/10.5541/ijot.1145655.
JAMA Ulu G, Öngel ME, Yılmaz B, Özilgen M. Thermodynamic Assessment of the Impact of Pregnancy and Lactation on the Longevity of Women. International Journal of Thermodynamics. 2022;25:45–54.
MLA Ulu, Gizem et al. “Thermodynamic Assessment of the Impact of Pregnancy and Lactation on the Longevity of Women”. International Journal of Thermodynamics, vol. 25, no. 4, 2022, pp. 45-54, doi:10.5541/ijot.1145655.
Vancouver Ulu G, Öngel ME, Yılmaz B, Özilgen M. Thermodynamic Assessment of the Impact of Pregnancy and Lactation on the Longevity of Women. International Journal of Thermodynamics. 2022;25(4):45-54.