Bölgesel İstikrarsızlıkların Enerji Arz Güvenliğine Olası Etkileri: Arap Baharı Örneği

Year 2021, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 135 - 168, 01.05.2021

Zehra Doğan

Abstract

Bu makalede Arap Baharı sürecinin Ortadoğu ve Kuzey Afrika’da yarattığı istikrarsızlığın bölgesel ve küresel enerji arz güvenliğine olası etkileri değerlendirilmektedir. Bu amaçla özellikle süreçten hem sosyal, siyasal ve ekonomik hem de güvenlik açısından şiddetli bir şekilde etkilenen ve iç savaşa sürüklenen Libya, Suriye ve Yemen gibi enerji arzı açısından önemli ülkeler ayrı başlıklar halinde irdelenmiştir. Enerji üreticisi ve ihracatçısı olan bu üç ülkenin enerji alt yapılarının, üretim ve ihracat kapasitelerinin ve enerji nakil yollarının güvenliğinin süreçten ne şekilde etkilendiği özellikle petrol bağlamında sorgulanmıştır. Böylece çalışmayla her ne kadar etkileri ve sonuçları bakımından devam eden bir süreç olsa da Arap Baharı’nın ortaya çıktığı ilk günden yarattığı bölgesel istikrarsızlığın petrol özelinde hem bu üç ülkenin enerji arz güvenliği hem de küresel enerji arz güvenliği açısından olası etkileri ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda öncelikle enerji güvenliği kavramının tarihsel gelişimi kısaca ele alınmıştır ve bir kavram olarak enerji güvenliğini tanımlamanın zorluğu vurgulanmıştır. Sonraki başlıklarda Arap Baharı sürecinin Libya, Suriye ve Yemen’nin enerji güvenliğini ne şekilde etkilediği analiz edilmiştir. Nitel araştırma yönteminin kullanıldığı bu çalışmada konuyla ilgili kitapların, makalelerin yanı sıra Uluslararası Enerji Ajansı (EIA) , Amerikan Enerji İdaresi (UEI) gibi oluşumların raporlarından da yararlanılmıştır.

Keywords

Enerji güvenliği, Arap Baharı, Ortadoğu, Kuzey Afrika

Possible Effects of Regional Political Instability on Energy Supply Security: Case Study of the Arab Spring

Abstract

In this article, the potential effects of instability created by the Arab Spring process in the Middle East and North Africa, on regional and global energy supply security are discussed. Following this purpose, the countries which have been intensively affected by this process both socially, politically, and in terms of security and in which civil war broke out such as Libya, Syria, Yemen which are critical for energy supply, are discussed under individual titles. How the security of energy infrastructure, production and export capacity, and energy transport routes of the three countries have been affected by the process is discussed especially in the context of oil. Thus, possible effects of regional instability created by the Arab Spring, although it is an ongoing process in terms of effects and results, from the date this process started until this study is written, energy supply security of these three countries and global energy supply security is presented. For this purpose, the historical development of the notion of energy security is discussed briefly and the difficulty of describing energy security as a notion is emphasized. Under the following titles, possible effects of the Arab Spring process on energy security are discussed in the context of Libya, Syria, and Yemen. Sources of this study, created with qualitative research methods, are reports of organizations such as the International Energy Agency (EIA) and the American Energy Administration (UEI) along with related books and articles.

Keywords

Energy security, Arab Spring, Middle East, North Africa

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