<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>ijsi</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>International Journal of Social Inquiry</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">1307-8364</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">1307-9999</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Bursa Uludağ University</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37093/ijsi.1762201</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Human Resources Management</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>The Impact of White-Collar Employees&#039; Perceptions of Psychological Contract Violation on Their Experiences of Loneliness at Work: A Study on Automotive Industry Employees</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>Beyaz Yaka Çalışanların Psikolojik Sözleşme İhlali Algılarının İş Yerinde Yalnızlık Deneyimleri Üzerindeki Etkisi: Otomotiv Sektörü Çalışanları Üzerine Bir Araştırma</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7798-7099</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Cıranoğlu</surname>
                                    <given-names>Mehmet</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>BURSA ULUDAG UNIVERSITY</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20260430">
                    <day>04</day>
                    <month>30</month>
                    <year>2026</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>19</volume>
                                        <issue>1</issue>
                                        <fpage>101</fpage>
                                        <lpage>114</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20250810">
                        <day>08</day>
                        <month>10</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20260105">
                        <day>01</day>
                        <month>05</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2008, International Journal of Social Inquiry</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2008</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>International Journal of Social Inquiry</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>This study aims to examine the impact of perceived psychological contract breach on workplace loneliness among white-collar employees. In the literature, this relationship can be explained through the lens of social exchange theory, which suggests that violations of organizational obligations may lead employees to withdraw emotionally and socially. In this research, data were collected from 411 white-collar employees working in the automotive sector in Bursa, Türkiye. Data were analyzed through SPSS and AMOS software. Structural equation modeling revealed a significant and positive relationship between psychological contract breach and workplace loneliness (β = 0.63, p  &amp;lt; 0.01). The findings suggest that the failure to fulfill organizational promises results not only in individual consequences but also in social disconnection, thereby increasing employees’ sense of loneliness. Based on the results, it is recommended that organizations pay closer attention to upholding psychological contract obligations and reinforce social support mechanisms within the workplace.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>Bu çalışma, beyaz yaka çalışanların algıladıkları psikolojik sözleşme ihlallerinin iş yerinde yalnızlık düzeylerine etkisini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Literatürde bu iki olgu arasındaki ilişkinin sosyal değişim teorisi kapsamında açıklanabileceği; örgütsel yükümlülüklerin ihlal edilmesi durumunda çalışanların sosyal ve duygusal geri çekilme davranışlarına yöneldiği belirtilmektedir. Bu araştırmada, Bursa ilindeki otomotiv sektöründe görev yapan 411 beyaz yaka çalışandan elde edilen veriler kullanılmıştır. Veriler SPSS ve AMOS programları kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Yapısal eşitlik modeli ile gerçekleştirilen analizler sonucunda, psikolojik sözleşme ihlali ile iş yerinde yalnızlık arasında pozitif ve anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir (β = 0.63, p  &amp;lt; 0.01). Bulgular, örgütsel vaatlerin yerine getirilmemesinin yalnızca bireysel değil, aynı zamanda sosyal düzeyde de sonuçlar doğurduğunu göstermekte ve çalışanların yalnızlık hissinin artmasına neden olabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu sonuçlar doğrultusunda, örgütlerin psikolojik sözleşme yükümlülüklerine daha fazla özen göstermeleri ve sosyal destek mekanizmalarını güçlendirmeleri önerilmektedir.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Psikolojik Sözleşme İhlali</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  İş Yerinde Yalnızlık</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Beyaz Yaka</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Psychological Contract Breach</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Workplace Loneliness</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  White-Collar</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Aish, A.-M., ve Jöreskog, K. G. (1990). A panel model for political efficacy and responsiveness: An application of LISREL 7 with weighted least squares. Quality ve Quantity, 24(4), 405–426. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00152013</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bayram, N. (2013). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesine giriş: Amos uygulamaları (2. bs.). Ezgi Kitabevi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. John Wiley ve Sons.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2003). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. Pegem Yayıncılık.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Byrne, B. M. (2013). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming (2nd ed.). Routledge.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Cartwright, S., ve Holmes, N. (2006). The meaning of work: The challenge of regaining employee engagement and reducing cynicism. Human Resource Management Review, 16(2), 199–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2006.03.012</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Chou, S.-C., Boldy, D. P., ve Lee, Y.-H. (2002). Measuring job satisfaction in residential aged care. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 14(1), 49–54. https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/14.1.49</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Cropanzano, R., ve Mitchell, M. S. (2005). Social exchange theory: An interdisciplinary review. Journal of Management, 31(6), 874–900. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206305279602</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Çakır, S., ve Aytemiz Seymen, O. (2023). İşyeri-evden çalışma modeli ve örgütsel yalnızlık ilişkisi: Kişilik özelliklerinin düzenleyici rolü. Balıkesir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(2). https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/bauniibfd/issue/82295/1390163</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Çokluk Bökeoğlu, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G., ve Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2016). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları (4. bs.). Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Deery, M., ve Jago, L. (2015). Revisiting talent management, work-life balance and retention strategies. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 27(3), 453–472. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-12-2013-0538</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Doğan, T., Çetin, B., ve Sungur, M. Z. (2009). İş yaşamında yalnızlık ölçeği Türkçe formunun geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 10(4), 271-277. https://search.trdizin.gov.tr/tr/yayin/detay/101137/is-yasaminda-yalnizlik-olcegi-turkce-formunun-gecerlilik-ve-guvenilirlik-calismasi</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Erdirençelebi, M., ve Ertürk, E. (2018). Çalışanların örgütsel yalnızlık algısının iş tatmini ve işten ayrılma niyeti üzerine etkileri. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 17(2), 603–617. https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.346976</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Fornell, C., ve Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Fostervold, K. I., Ulleberg, P., Nilsen, O. V., ve Halberg, A. M. (2024). The hidden costs of working from home: Examining loneliness, role overload, and the role of social support during and beyond the COVID-19 lockdown. Frontiers in Organizational Psychology. https://doi.org/10.3389/forgp.2024.1380051</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">George, D., ve Mallery, P. (2010). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference (10th ed.). Pearson.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Golden, T. D., Veiga, J. F., ve Dino, R. N. (2008). The impact of professional isolation on teleworker job performance and turnover intentions: Does time spent teleworking, interacting face-to-face, or having access to communication-enhancing technology matter? Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(6), 1412–1421. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012722</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Griep, Y., Kraak, J. M., Knol, W. M., Dolislager, J., ve Beekman, E. M. (2025). The ripple effect of abusive supervision: A longitudinal examination of psychological contract breach, turnover intentions, and resilience among third parties. Journal of Business Research, 189, Article 115141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2024.115141</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., ve Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Pearson Prentice Hall.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., ve Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Itam, U. J., ve Warrier, U. (2024). Future of work from everywhere: A systematic review. International Journal of Manpower, 45(1), 12–48. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-06-2022-0288</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Jöreskog, K. G., ve Sörbom, D. (1993). LISREL 8: Structural equation modeling with the SIMPLIS command language. Scientific Software International.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management Journal, 33(4), 692-724. https://research.ebsco.com/c/wdqrei/viewer/pdf/ntfwx2o7xn</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (4th ed.). Guilford Publications.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref25">
                        <label>25</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Lam, L. W., ve Lau, D. C. (2012). Feeling lonely at work: Investigating the consequences of unsatisfactory workplace relationships. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 23(20), 4265–4282. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2012.665070</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref26">
                        <label>26</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Le, T. T. T., Tran-Ngoc, H.-C., Ho, V.-N., Nguyen-Hoang, B.-N., Ho, H.-A. N., ve Tran-Do, V.-A. (2025). The intersection of stress, loneliness, and mental health attitudes in young multinational corporation employees. Journal of Health ve Social Sciences, 10(2), 122-154. https://doi.org/10.19204/2025/THNT2</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref27">
                        <label>27</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Liao, C., Li, Z., ve Huang, L. (2024). How does psychological contract breach affect employee silence? A moderated mediation model. SAGE Open, 14(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241299601</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref28">
                        <label>28</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Meng, J., Suárez, L., Yip, C. C. E., ve Marsh, N. V. (2025). White-Collar Workers in the Post-Pandemic Era: A Review of Risk and Protective Factors for Mental Well-Being. Behavioral Sciences, 15(10), Article 1313. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15101313</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref29">
                        <label>29</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Morrison, E. W., ve Robinson, S. L. (1997). When employees feel betrayed: A model of how psychological contract violation develops. Academy of Management Review, 22(1), 226–256. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1997.9707180265</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref30">
                        <label>30</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">OSD. (2024). 2023 Küresel Değerlendirme Raporu: Otomotiv Sanayii. Otomotiv Sanayii Derneği. https://www.osd.org.tr/saved-files/PDF/2024/11/20/2023%20Küresel%20Değerlendirme%20Raporu.pdf</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref31">
                        <label>31</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Özçelik, H. (2013). An empirical analysis of surface acting in intra organizational relationships. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 34(3), 389–408. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1798</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref32">
                        <label>32</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Özçelik, H., ve Barsade, S. G. (2018). No employee an island: Workplace loneliness and job performance. Academy of Management Journal, 61(6), 2343–2366. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2015.1066</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref33">
                        <label>33</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Öztürk, S. Ö. (2010). Psikolojik sözleşmenin örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışları üzerindeki etkileri (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Kocaeli Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref34">
                        <label>34</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Raykov, T. (1997). Estimation of composite reliability for congeneric measures. Applied Psychological Measurement, 21(2), 173–184. https://doi.org/10.1177/01466216970212006</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref35">
                        <label>35</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Robinson, S. L., ve Morrison, E. W. (2000). The development of psychological contract breach and violation: A longitudinal study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21(5), 525-546. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3100447</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref36">
                        <label>36</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Robinson, S. L., ve Rousseau, D. M. (1994). Violating the psychological contract: Not the exception but the norm. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15(3), 245–259. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030150306</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref37">
                        <label>37</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Rousseau, D. M. (1989). Psychological and implied contracts in organizations. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 2(2), 121–139. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01384942</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref38">
                        <label>38</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Saruhan, Ş. C., ve Özdemirci, A. (2013). Bilim, felsefe ve metodoloji (3. bs.). Beta Basım Yayım.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref39">
                        <label>39</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Şevik, Ü. (2021). İş yaşamında yalnızlığın örgütsel ses üzerindeki etkisi. Journal of Social Research and Behavioral Sciences (Sosyal Araştırmalar ve Davranış Bilimleri Dergisi), 7(13), 471–497. https://doi.org/10.52096/jsrbs.6.1.7.13.23</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref40">
                        <label>40</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Şimşek, Ö. F. (2007). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesine giriş: Temel ilkeler ve LISREL uygulamaları. Ekinoks Eğitim Danışmanlık Hizmetleri.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref41">
                        <label>41</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">TR41 Bölgesi Bursa Eskişehir Bilecik Kalkınma Ajansı (BEBKA). (2025). TR41 bölgesi otomotiv sektörü raporu. https://bebka.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/Otomotiv-Sektor-Raporu_26.pdf</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref42">
                        <label>42</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. (2024). İşgücü istatistikleri, yıllık [Veri seti]. https://data.tuik.gov.tr</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref43">
                        <label>43</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. (2025). Yıllık sanayi ürün (PRODCOM) istatistikleri – 2024 [Veri portalı]. https://data.tuik.gov.tr</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref44">
                        <label>44</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Walz, T., Kensbock, J. M., de Jong, S. B., ve Kunze, F. (2024). Lonely@Work@Home? The impact of work/home demands and support on workplace loneliness during remote work. European Management Journal, 42(5), 767–778. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2023.05.001</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref45">
                        <label>45</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Weiss, R. S. (1973). Loneliness: The experience of emotional and social isolation. MIT Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref46">
                        <label>46</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Wright, S. L., Burt, C. D. B., ve Strongman, K. T. (2006). Loneliness in the workplace: Construct definition and scale development. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 35(2), 59-68. https://research.ebsco.com/c/wdqrei/viewer/pdf/arsuvhpedz</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref47">
                        <label>47</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Zhao, H. A. O., Wayne, S. J., Glibkowski, B. C., ve Bravo, J. (2007). The impact of psychological contract breach on work‐related outcomes: A meta</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
