<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article         dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>ijsi</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>International Journal of Social Inquiry</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">1307-8364</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">1307-9999</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Bursa Uludağ University</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id/>
                                                                                                                                                                                            <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>When Sissy Boys Become Mainstream: Narrating Asian Feminized Masculinities in the Global Age</article-title>
                                                                                                                                        </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Shıau</surname>
                                    <given-names>Hongg-Chi</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>Shih Hsin University</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Chen</surname>
                                    <given-names>Chi-Chien</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>Shih Hsin University</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20160530">
                    <day>05</day>
                    <month>30</month>
                    <year>2016</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>2</volume>
                                        <issue>2</issue>
                                        <fpage>55</fpage>
                                        <lpage>74</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20160530">
                        <day>05</day>
                        <month>30</month>
                        <year>2016</year>
                    </date>
                                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2008, International Journal of Social Inquiry</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2008</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>International Journal of Social Inquiry</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>Since the 1990s, the appropriation of unconventional dressing codes to perform a new masculinity has gradually been normalized as a mainstream practice in East Asian societies. This paper addresses contradictory currents concerning gender representations operating in East Asia, a fast-growing, rapidly changing region. The personal narratives of nine Taiwanese men, who use unconventional dressing codes to present desirable selves, are analyzed. The men were asked to reflect upon life moments when their dress codes were either pleasurably achieved or bitterly confronted by significant others and higher authorities. The study emphasizes that researchers should place a greater emphasis on how individuals’ lived experiences respond to the postmodern, highly intertextual media environment, rather than on content or textual analysis of media representations of the popular culture scene. Our research participants’ narratives illuminate a site where hegemonic and alternative masculinities contest one another in search of an ever-changing self. Through an examination of the life narratives of these nine men, our study elicits meta-narratives to illustrate how some local and global actors become established in the East Asian post-capitalist identity politics.</p></abstract>
                                                                                    
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Narrative</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   Masculinity</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   Identity Politics</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   Men’s Fashion</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   Dressing codes</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                                                                                                    </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Aizura, A. (2006). Of borders and homes: the imaginary community of (trans)sexual citizenship. Inter-Asia Cultural Studies, 7: 2, 289-309.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Aoki A. L.&amp; Nakanishi. D.(2001). Asian Pacific Americans and the New Minority Politics. Political Science and Politics, 34:3, 605-610.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Atkinson, P. &amp; Silverman, D. (1997). Kundera’s Immortality: the Internview of the Society and Invention of Self, Qualitiative Inquiry, 3(3): 304-25.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Barthes, R. (1975). Pleasure of the text. New York: Hill &amp; Wang.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bordo, S. (1999). The male body: A new look at men in public and private. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bourdieu, P. (2001). Masculine domination. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bowker, L. (1998). Masculinities and violence. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Butler, J. (1993). Bodies that Matter. On the Discursive Limits of Sex. New York: Routledge.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Butler, J. (1997) Excitable Speech: A Politics of the Performative. New York: Routledge.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Butler, J. (1999) Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. New York: Routledge.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ching, L. (2000) Globalizing the Regional, Regionalizing the Global: Mass Culture and Asianism in the Age of Late Capital. Public Culture 12.1: 233-57.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Chua, B. (2004) Conceptualizing an East Asian Popular Culture.” Inter-Asia Cultural Studies. 5:2, 200-21.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Connell, R. W (2000). The men and the boys. Cambridge, UK: Polity.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Connell, R. W (2002). Gender. Oxford, UK: Polity.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Connell, R. W. (2005). Globalization, imperialism, and masculinities. In Handbook of studies on men &amp; masculinities. Thousand Oaks, CA and London: Sage.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Consalvo, M. (2003). The Monsters Next Door: Media Constructions of Boys and Masculinity, Feminist Media Studies, 3:1, 27 – 45.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Craig, S. (1992). (Ed.) Men, Masculinity and the Media. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Darling-Wolf, F. (2003). Male Bonding and Female Pleasure: Refining Masculinity in Japanese Popular Cultural Texts, Popular Communication 1(2): 73-88.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Darling-Wolf, F. (2004). Virtually Multicultural: Trans-Asian Identity and Gender in an International Fan Community of a Japanese Star, New Media &amp; Society, 6: 507 - 528.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Dyer, G. (1982). Advertising as Communication. New York: Methuen.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Evans, T.&amp; Wallace P. (2008) A Prison within a Prison? The Masculinity Narratives of Male Prisoners, Men and Masculinities, 10: 4, 484-507.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Felluga, D. (2006). “Modules on Butler: On Performativity.” Introductory Guide to Critical http://www.cla.purdue.edu/academic/engl/theory/genderandsex/modules/butle rgendersex.html Article retrieved on May</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Franklin, C. (1984). The Changing Definition of Masculinity. New York: Plenum Fontana A. &amp; Frey, J. (2000). The interview: from Structural Questions to Negotiated Texts” in Densin, N. and Lincoln, Y. (eds), Handbook of Qualitative Research (Thousand Oaks, CA. Cage)</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Fontana A.&amp; Frey, J (2001), Postmodern Trends in interviewing, in Gubrium J. and Holstein, J. and Lincoln Y. (eds), Handbook of Interview Research: Context and Method (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref25">
                        <label>25</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Foucault, M. (1980) Power and Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings New York: Pantheon Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref26">
                        <label>26</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Funabashi, K. (1995). Pornographic culture and sexual violence. In K. Fujimura-Fanselow &amp; A. Kameda (Eds.), Japanese women: New feminist perspectives on the past, present and future (pp. 75–90). New York: Feminist Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref27">
                        <label>27</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Garde, J. (2003). Masculinity and madness. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research 3 (1): 6-16.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref28">
                        <label>28</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Gubrium, J. &amp; Holstein, J. (2001) Handbook of Interview Research: Context and Method (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref29">
                        <label>29</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hall, S. (1980). Encoding/decoding. In S. Hall, D. Hobson, A. Lowe,&amp;P.Willis (Eds.), Culture, Media, and Language: Working papers in cultural studies, 1972–79 (pp. 128–138). London: Hutchinson.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref30">
                        <label>30</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hanke, R. (1990). Hegemonic masculinity in thirtysomething. Critical Studies in Mass Communication, 7, 231–248.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref31">
                        <label>31</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Holloway, W., &amp; Jefferson T.. (2000). Doing Qualitative Research Differently. London: Sage.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref32">
                        <label>32</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">IIDA Y. (2005). Beyond the &#039;feminization of masculinity&#039;: transforming patriarchy with the &#039;feminine&#039; in contemporary Japanese youth culture. Inter-Asia Cultural Studies, 6:1, 56-74.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref33">
                        <label>33</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ito, K. (1995). Sexism in Japanese weekly comic magazines for men. In J. A. Lent (Ed.), Asian popular culture 127–137. Boulder, CO: Westview.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref34">
                        <label>34</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kameda, A. (1994). (Eds.), Japanese women: New feminist perspectives on the past, present and future (pp. 255–263). New York: Feminist Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref35">
                        <label>35</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kervin, D. (1990) Advertising Masculinity: The Representation of Males in Esquire Advertisements. Journal of Communication Inquiry; 14: 51.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref36">
                        <label>36</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kimmel, M. (1987). (ed.) Changing Men. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref37">
                        <label>37</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kivel, B. D. &amp; Kleiber, D. A. (2007), &#039;Leisure in the Identity Formation of Lesbian/Gay Youth: Personal, but Not Social&#039;, Leisure Sciences, 22:4, 215 – 232.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref38">
                        <label>38</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Li, J. (2008). &quot;Negotiating Masculinity and Male Gender Roles in Korean TV Drama&quot; Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Marriott Downtown, Chicago, IL Online, 2008-10-22 from &quot;http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p271953_index.html&quot;.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref39">
                        <label>39</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Martin F. (2003) Situating Sexualities: Queer Representation in Taiwanese Fiction, Film and Public Culture, Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref40">
                        <label>40</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Mulvey, L. (1975). Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema, Screen, 16:3, 6-18.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref41">
                        <label>41</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Nixon, S. (1992). Have you got the look? Masculinities and the shopping spectacle, In: Shields, Rob, (ed), Lifestyle Shopping: The Subject of Consumption (Routledge, London), pp 149–169.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref42">
                        <label>42</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Patton, M., Q. (1990). Qualitative evaluation and research methods (2nd ed.). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref43">
                        <label>43</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Patterson M.&amp; Elliott R. (2002) Negotiating Masculinities: Advertising and the Inversion of the Male Gaze. Consumption, Markets and Culture, 5:3, 231-249.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref44">
                        <label>44</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Pollack, W. (1995). Deconstructing dis-identification: Rethinking psychoanalytic concepts of male development. Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy 12 (1): 30-45.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref45">
                        <label>45</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Potts, A. (2002). The Man with Two Brains: hegemonic masculine subjectivity and the discursive construction of the unreasonable penis-self. Journal of Gender Studies, 10:2, 156.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref46">
                        <label>46</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Rosenberger, N. (1996). Fragile resistance, signs of status: Women between state and media in Japan. In A. E. Imamura (Ed.), Re-imaging Japanese women (pp. 12–45). Berkeley: University of California Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref47">
                        <label>47</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Saco, D. (1992). Masculinity as signs. In S. Craig (Ed.), Men, masculinity, and the media (pp. 23–39). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref48">
                        <label>48</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sandelowski, M. (1995). Sample size in qualitative research. Research in Nursing and Health 18:179-83.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref49">
                        <label>49</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Shiau, H. (2008a) Performativity, Intertextuality and Social Change: An Ethnographic Analysis of Taiwanese Gay Personal Ads” Gender Forum: An Electronic Journal of Women Studies: Gender and Language, (20).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref50">
                        <label>50</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Shiau, H. (2008b) Migration and Identity Negotiation: Exploring East Asian Gay</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref51">
                        <label>51</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Men’s Fantasy upon James Dean” Americanist –Warsaw Journal for the Studies of United States, 24: 85-100 (2007/2008).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref52">
                        <label>52</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Strate, L. (1992). Beer commercials: A manual on masculinity. In S. Craig (Ed.), Men, masculinity, and the media (pp. 78–92). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref53">
                        <label>53</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Suzuki, M. F. (1995). Women and television: Portrayal of women in the mass media. In K. Fujimura-Fanselow &amp; A. Kameda (Eds.), Japanese women: New feminist perspectives on the past, present and future, p75–90, New York: Feminist Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref54">
                        <label>54</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Tanaka, Y. (1995). Contemporary portraits of Japanese women. Westport, CT: Praeger.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref55">
                        <label>55</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Toomey, M. 2001. How gender affects our relationship to anger and violence. Article accessible at http://www.mtoomey.com/book_gender.html (accessed November 2008).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref56">
                        <label>56</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Turner, B. S. (1996). The discourse of diet. In M. Featherstone, M. Hepworth, &amp; B. S. Turner (Eds.) The Body: Social process and cultural theory, 157 – 165, London: Sage.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref57">
                        <label>57</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Van Manen, M. (1990). Researching lived experience: Human science f or an action sensitive pedagogy . The State University of New York by The University of Western Ontario, London , Ontario, Canada.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
