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Effects of Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) Seed Oil and St John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) Extract Supplementation into Diets of Laying Hens at Different Levels on Performance, Egg Quality and Some Blood Parameters

Year 2020, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 26 - 38, 01.03.2020
https://doi.org/10.38058/ijsl.681424

Abstract

This study set out to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of grape seed oil and Hypericum perforatum L. extract to the laying hens (Lohmann White, 40 weeks of age) on performance, egg quality and some blood parameters. For this purpose, a total of 336 hens were randomly distributed to the control and other treatment groups, 12 replicates/group with 4 hens/replication. Birds were fed with basal diet only (control group) and the basal diet supplemented with different levels (100, 200, 300 mg/kg) of grape seed oil (GSO-1, GSO-2, GSO-3) and Hypericum perforatum L. extract (HPE-1, HPE-2, HPE-3). Dietary treatments had no significant effect on performance parameters. GSO-3 and HPE-1 supplemental groups presented with increased shell weight (p<0.01) while only GSO-1 group showed increased egg albumen index (p<0.01) and Haugh unit (p<0.05). Among blood parameters, except for serum HDL and total protein, the other blood parameters (serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL, AST, Ca and P) were not affected by the treatments. In conclusion, results showed a partial improvement in some egg quality traits, however, further studies are needed to fully investigate the beneficial effects of these additives in laying hens reared under different stresses. 

Supporting Institution

This study was supported by Atatürk University Rectorate, Scientific Research Projects (BAP) Unit within the scope of project numbered 2012/413

Project Number

2012/413

Thanks

This study was supported by Atatürk University Rectorate, Scientific Research Projects (BAP) Unit within the scope of project numbered 2012/413. I would like to thank the relevant institution and unit.

References

  • Abdel-Hafeez, H.M., Saleh, E.S., Tawfeek, S.S., Youssef, I.M., Abdel-Daim, A.S. 2017. Effects of probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic with and without feed restriction on performance, hematological indices and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 30(5): 672-682.
  • Ahsan, U., Kuter, E., Raza, I., Köksal, B.H., Cengiz, Ö.,Yıldız, M., Kızanlık, P.K., Kaya, M., Tatlı, O., Sevim, Ö. 2018. Dietary supplementation of different levels of phytogenic feed additive in broiler diets: The dynamics of growth performance, caecal microbiota, and intestinal morphometry. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 20(4): 737-746.
  • Alagawany, M., El-Hack, M.E.A., Rafag, M.R., Sachan, S., Karthik, K., Dhama, K. 2018. The use of probiotics as eco-friendly alternatives for antibiotics in poultry nutrition. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25: 10611-10618.
  • Al-Kassie, G.A. 2009. Influence of two plant extracts derived from thyme and cinnamon on broiler performance. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 29(4): 169-173.
  • AOAC, 1990. Official method of analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists 15th ed., 66-68, Washington, DC.
  • Banisharif, M., Kheiri, F., Jalali, S.M.A. 2016. Hypericum perforatum and probiotic effects on performance, carcass characteristics and intestinal morphology in Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica). Journal of Herbal Drugs, 7(2): 83-88.
  • Brenes, A., Roura, E. 2010. Essential oils in poultry nutrition: Main effects and modes of action. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 158: 1-14.
  • Carpenter, K.J., Clegg, K.M. 1956. The metabolizable energy of poultry feeding stuffs in relation to their chemical composition. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 7(1): 45-51.
  • Cheng, G., Hao, H., Xie, S., Wang, X., Dai, M., Huang, L., Yuan, Z. 2014. Antibiotic alternatives: the substitution of antibiotics in animal husbandry? Frontiers in Microbiology, 5: 217.
  • Davoodi, S.M., Kheiri, F., Rahimian, Y. 2014.Effect of poultry feed supplemented with Hypericum perforatum extract and virginiamycine on growth performance, some immune responses and intestinal microbial population of broilers. Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences 36(12): 27-33.
  • Demir, E., Kilinc, K., Yildirim, Y., Dincer, F., Eseceli, H. 2008. Comparative effects of mint, sage, thyme and flavomycin in wheat-based broiler diets. Archiva Zootechnica, 11(3): 54-63.
  • Deng, W., Dong, X.F., Tong, J.M., Zhang, Q. 2012. The probiotic Bacillus licheniformis ameliorates heat stress-induced impairment of egg production, gut morphology, and intestinal mucosal immunity in laying hens. Poultry Science, 91: 575-582.
  • El-Bagir, N.M., Hama, A.Y., Hamed, R.M., El Rahim, A.A., Beynen, A.C. 2006. Lipid composition of egg yolk and serum in laying hens fed diets containing black cumin (Nigella sativa). International Journal of Poultry Science, 5(6): 574-578.
  • Erkan, A. 2013. The effects of grape seed oil and/or vitamin E + organic selenium addition on performance and oxidative stability in broiler chickens. PhD Thesis. Adnan Menderes University, Health Sciences Institute, p. 58, Aydin, Turkey.
  • Etamad, L., Heidari, M.R, Heidari, M., Moshiri, M., Behravan, E., Abbasifard, M., Azimzadeh, B.S. 2001. Investigation of Hypericum perforatum extract on convulsion induced by picrotoxin in mice. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 24(2): 233-236.
  • Ghasemi, R., Zarei, M., Torki, M. 2010. Adding medicinal herbs including garlic (Allium sativum) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) to diet of laying hens and evaluating productive performance and egg quality characteristics. American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 5(2): 151-154.
  • Hosseini, V.S.J., Afzali, N., Namaei, M.H., Allahressani, A. 2015. Effect of water extract of Hypericum perforatum on performance, abdominal fat and blood biochemical parameters of broiler chicken. Animal Sciences Journal, 28(1): 133-146.
  • Kara, K., Güçlü, B.K., Baytok, E., Şentürk, M. 2016. Effects of grape pomace supplementation to laying hen diet on performance, egg quality, egg lipid peroxidation and some biochemical parameters. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 44(1): 303-310.
  • Karabulut, A., Filya, İ. 2016. Feeds and feed technology. Uludag University, Faculty of Agriculture Lecture Notes (No: 67), Bursa. Kaya, A. 2009. Effecs of sage (Salvia officinalis), thyme (Thymbra spicata), mentha (Menthae piperitae) extracts and vitamin E supplementation at different levels performance, egg quality, sensory assessments, yolk tbars values and Escherichia coli count in feces. PhD Thesis. Ataturk University, Institute of Science, p. 102, Erzurum, Turkey.
  • Kaya, A., Yıldırım, B.A., Kaya, H., Gül M., Çelebi, Ş. 2014. The effects of diets supplemented with crushed and extracted grape seed on performance, egg quality parameters, yolk peroxidation and serum traits in laying hens. European Poultry Science, 78.
  • Landy, N., Ghalamkari, G.H., Toghyani, M. 2012. Evaluation of St Jhon’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) as an antibiotic growth promoter substitution on performance, carcass characteristics, some of the immune responses, and serum biochemical parameters of broiler chicks. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 6(3): 510-515.
  • Murugesan, G.R., Syed, B., Haldar, S., Pender, C. 2015. Phytogenic feed additives as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in broiler chickens. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 2(21): 1-6.
  • Okur, A.A. 2010. Effects of essential oils and vitamin E supplementation on gut microbiology and oxidative stability of broiler meat.PhD Thesis. Namik Kemal University, Institute of Science, p. 99, Tekirdag, Turkey.
  • Ozgan, A. 2008. Use of grape seed oil in functional egg production. MSc Thesis. Cukurova University, Institute of Science, p. 58, Adana, Turkey.
  • Parsaei, S., Amini, Z., Houshmand, M. 2014. Effects of olive leaf on blood metabolites and humoral immunity response of broiler chickens. International Journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research, 2(3): 741-751.
  • Radu-Rusu, C.G., Pop, I.M., Simeanu, D. 2010. Effect of a synbiotic feed additive supplementation on laying hens performance and egg quality. Lucrari Stiintifice, Seria Zootehnie, 53: 153-157.
  • Rasouli, B., Movahhedkhah, S., Seidavi, A., Haq, Q.M.I, Kadim, I., Laudadio, V., Mazzei, D., Tufarelli, V. 2019. Effect of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) aqeous leaf extract on performance, blood constituents, immunity response and ileal microflora of broiler chickens. Agroforestry Systems, 1-9.
  • Salman, K.A.A. 2019. Evaluation of the effect of using grape seed oil (Vitis vinifera L.) and black cumin seed oil (Nigella sativa) in broiler diet in some blood physiological traits and oxidant status in meat. Plant Archives, 19(2): 1177-1183.
  • Sarangi, N.R., Babu, L.K., Kumar, A., Pradhan, C.R., Pati, P.K. Mishra, J.P. 2016. Effect of dietary supplementation of prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic on growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. Veterinary World, 9(3): 313-319.
  • Sarica, M., Erensayin, C. 2009. Poultry products. In: Turkoglu, M., Sarica, M. (Eds). Poultry Science (Training, Nutrition and Diseases). Bey Offset Printing Ankara, Turkey. pp. 39-138.
  • Skomorucha, I., Sosnowka-Czajka, E. 2013. Effect of water supplementation with herbal extracts on broiler chicken welfare. Annals of Animal Science, 13(4): 849-857.
  • Soltan, M.A. 2008. Effect of dietary organic acid supplementation on egg production, egg quality and some blood serum parameters in laying hens. International Journal of Poultry Sciences, 7(6): 613-621.
  • Swiatkiewicz, S., Koreleski, J., Arczewska, A. 2010. Laying performance and eggshell quality in laying hens fed diets supplemented with prebiotics and organic acids. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 55(7): 294-306.
  • Tekeli, A., Kutlu, H.R., Çelik, L. 2014. Dietary inclusion of grape seed oil in functional broiler meat production. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 20(4): 924-932.
  • Wallace, R.J., Oleszek, W., Franz, C., Hahn, I., Baser, K.H.C., Mathe, A., Teichmann, K. 2010. Dietary plant bioactives for poultry health and productivity. British Poultry Science, 51(4): 461-487.
  • Wijayanti, D.A., Djunaidi, I.H., Sjofian, O. 2019. Effect of probiotic and acidifier combination as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters on digesta pH and intestinal microflora of laying hen. International Research Journal of Advanced Engineering and Science, 4(2): 1-4.
  • Yalçın, S., Yalçın, S., Erol, H., Buğdaycı, K.E., Özsoy, B., Çakır, S. 2009. Effects of dietary black cumin seed (Nigella sativa L.) on performance, egg traits, egg cholesterol content and egg yolk fatty acid composition in laying hens. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 89(10): 1737-1742.
  • Yeşilbağ, D., Eren, M., Agel, H., Kovanlıkaya, A., Balcı, F. 2011. Effects of dietary rosemary, rosemary volatile oil and vitamin E on broiler performance, meat quality and serum SOD activity. British Poultry Science, 52(4): 472-482.
Year 2020, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 26 - 38, 01.03.2020
https://doi.org/10.38058/ijsl.681424

Abstract

Project Number

2012/413

References

  • Abdel-Hafeez, H.M., Saleh, E.S., Tawfeek, S.S., Youssef, I.M., Abdel-Daim, A.S. 2017. Effects of probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic with and without feed restriction on performance, hematological indices and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 30(5): 672-682.
  • Ahsan, U., Kuter, E., Raza, I., Köksal, B.H., Cengiz, Ö.,Yıldız, M., Kızanlık, P.K., Kaya, M., Tatlı, O., Sevim, Ö. 2018. Dietary supplementation of different levels of phytogenic feed additive in broiler diets: The dynamics of growth performance, caecal microbiota, and intestinal morphometry. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 20(4): 737-746.
  • Alagawany, M., El-Hack, M.E.A., Rafag, M.R., Sachan, S., Karthik, K., Dhama, K. 2018. The use of probiotics as eco-friendly alternatives for antibiotics in poultry nutrition. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25: 10611-10618.
  • Al-Kassie, G.A. 2009. Influence of two plant extracts derived from thyme and cinnamon on broiler performance. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 29(4): 169-173.
  • AOAC, 1990. Official method of analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists 15th ed., 66-68, Washington, DC.
  • Banisharif, M., Kheiri, F., Jalali, S.M.A. 2016. Hypericum perforatum and probiotic effects on performance, carcass characteristics and intestinal morphology in Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica). Journal of Herbal Drugs, 7(2): 83-88.
  • Brenes, A., Roura, E. 2010. Essential oils in poultry nutrition: Main effects and modes of action. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 158: 1-14.
  • Carpenter, K.J., Clegg, K.M. 1956. The metabolizable energy of poultry feeding stuffs in relation to their chemical composition. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 7(1): 45-51.
  • Cheng, G., Hao, H., Xie, S., Wang, X., Dai, M., Huang, L., Yuan, Z. 2014. Antibiotic alternatives: the substitution of antibiotics in animal husbandry? Frontiers in Microbiology, 5: 217.
  • Davoodi, S.M., Kheiri, F., Rahimian, Y. 2014.Effect of poultry feed supplemented with Hypericum perforatum extract and virginiamycine on growth performance, some immune responses and intestinal microbial population of broilers. Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences 36(12): 27-33.
  • Demir, E., Kilinc, K., Yildirim, Y., Dincer, F., Eseceli, H. 2008. Comparative effects of mint, sage, thyme and flavomycin in wheat-based broiler diets. Archiva Zootechnica, 11(3): 54-63.
  • Deng, W., Dong, X.F., Tong, J.M., Zhang, Q. 2012. The probiotic Bacillus licheniformis ameliorates heat stress-induced impairment of egg production, gut morphology, and intestinal mucosal immunity in laying hens. Poultry Science, 91: 575-582.
  • El-Bagir, N.M., Hama, A.Y., Hamed, R.M., El Rahim, A.A., Beynen, A.C. 2006. Lipid composition of egg yolk and serum in laying hens fed diets containing black cumin (Nigella sativa). International Journal of Poultry Science, 5(6): 574-578.
  • Erkan, A. 2013. The effects of grape seed oil and/or vitamin E + organic selenium addition on performance and oxidative stability in broiler chickens. PhD Thesis. Adnan Menderes University, Health Sciences Institute, p. 58, Aydin, Turkey.
  • Etamad, L., Heidari, M.R, Heidari, M., Moshiri, M., Behravan, E., Abbasifard, M., Azimzadeh, B.S. 2001. Investigation of Hypericum perforatum extract on convulsion induced by picrotoxin in mice. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 24(2): 233-236.
  • Ghasemi, R., Zarei, M., Torki, M. 2010. Adding medicinal herbs including garlic (Allium sativum) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) to diet of laying hens and evaluating productive performance and egg quality characteristics. American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 5(2): 151-154.
  • Hosseini, V.S.J., Afzali, N., Namaei, M.H., Allahressani, A. 2015. Effect of water extract of Hypericum perforatum on performance, abdominal fat and blood biochemical parameters of broiler chicken. Animal Sciences Journal, 28(1): 133-146.
  • Kara, K., Güçlü, B.K., Baytok, E., Şentürk, M. 2016. Effects of grape pomace supplementation to laying hen diet on performance, egg quality, egg lipid peroxidation and some biochemical parameters. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 44(1): 303-310.
  • Karabulut, A., Filya, İ. 2016. Feeds and feed technology. Uludag University, Faculty of Agriculture Lecture Notes (No: 67), Bursa. Kaya, A. 2009. Effecs of sage (Salvia officinalis), thyme (Thymbra spicata), mentha (Menthae piperitae) extracts and vitamin E supplementation at different levels performance, egg quality, sensory assessments, yolk tbars values and Escherichia coli count in feces. PhD Thesis. Ataturk University, Institute of Science, p. 102, Erzurum, Turkey.
  • Kaya, A., Yıldırım, B.A., Kaya, H., Gül M., Çelebi, Ş. 2014. The effects of diets supplemented with crushed and extracted grape seed on performance, egg quality parameters, yolk peroxidation and serum traits in laying hens. European Poultry Science, 78.
  • Landy, N., Ghalamkari, G.H., Toghyani, M. 2012. Evaluation of St Jhon’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) as an antibiotic growth promoter substitution on performance, carcass characteristics, some of the immune responses, and serum biochemical parameters of broiler chicks. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 6(3): 510-515.
  • Murugesan, G.R., Syed, B., Haldar, S., Pender, C. 2015. Phytogenic feed additives as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in broiler chickens. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 2(21): 1-6.
  • Okur, A.A. 2010. Effects of essential oils and vitamin E supplementation on gut microbiology and oxidative stability of broiler meat.PhD Thesis. Namik Kemal University, Institute of Science, p. 99, Tekirdag, Turkey.
  • Ozgan, A. 2008. Use of grape seed oil in functional egg production. MSc Thesis. Cukurova University, Institute of Science, p. 58, Adana, Turkey.
  • Parsaei, S., Amini, Z., Houshmand, M. 2014. Effects of olive leaf on blood metabolites and humoral immunity response of broiler chickens. International Journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research, 2(3): 741-751.
  • Radu-Rusu, C.G., Pop, I.M., Simeanu, D. 2010. Effect of a synbiotic feed additive supplementation on laying hens performance and egg quality. Lucrari Stiintifice, Seria Zootehnie, 53: 153-157.
  • Rasouli, B., Movahhedkhah, S., Seidavi, A., Haq, Q.M.I, Kadim, I., Laudadio, V., Mazzei, D., Tufarelli, V. 2019. Effect of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) aqeous leaf extract on performance, blood constituents, immunity response and ileal microflora of broiler chickens. Agroforestry Systems, 1-9.
  • Salman, K.A.A. 2019. Evaluation of the effect of using grape seed oil (Vitis vinifera L.) and black cumin seed oil (Nigella sativa) in broiler diet in some blood physiological traits and oxidant status in meat. Plant Archives, 19(2): 1177-1183.
  • Sarangi, N.R., Babu, L.K., Kumar, A., Pradhan, C.R., Pati, P.K. Mishra, J.P. 2016. Effect of dietary supplementation of prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic on growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. Veterinary World, 9(3): 313-319.
  • Sarica, M., Erensayin, C. 2009. Poultry products. In: Turkoglu, M., Sarica, M. (Eds). Poultry Science (Training, Nutrition and Diseases). Bey Offset Printing Ankara, Turkey. pp. 39-138.
  • Skomorucha, I., Sosnowka-Czajka, E. 2013. Effect of water supplementation with herbal extracts on broiler chicken welfare. Annals of Animal Science, 13(4): 849-857.
  • Soltan, M.A. 2008. Effect of dietary organic acid supplementation on egg production, egg quality and some blood serum parameters in laying hens. International Journal of Poultry Sciences, 7(6): 613-621.
  • Swiatkiewicz, S., Koreleski, J., Arczewska, A. 2010. Laying performance and eggshell quality in laying hens fed diets supplemented with prebiotics and organic acids. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 55(7): 294-306.
  • Tekeli, A., Kutlu, H.R., Çelik, L. 2014. Dietary inclusion of grape seed oil in functional broiler meat production. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 20(4): 924-932.
  • Wallace, R.J., Oleszek, W., Franz, C., Hahn, I., Baser, K.H.C., Mathe, A., Teichmann, K. 2010. Dietary plant bioactives for poultry health and productivity. British Poultry Science, 51(4): 461-487.
  • Wijayanti, D.A., Djunaidi, I.H., Sjofian, O. 2019. Effect of probiotic and acidifier combination as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters on digesta pH and intestinal microflora of laying hen. International Research Journal of Advanced Engineering and Science, 4(2): 1-4.
  • Yalçın, S., Yalçın, S., Erol, H., Buğdaycı, K.E., Özsoy, B., Çakır, S. 2009. Effects of dietary black cumin seed (Nigella sativa L.) on performance, egg traits, egg cholesterol content and egg yolk fatty acid composition in laying hens. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 89(10): 1737-1742.
  • Yeşilbağ, D., Eren, M., Agel, H., Kovanlıkaya, A., Balcı, F. 2011. Effects of dietary rosemary, rosemary volatile oil and vitamin E on broiler performance, meat quality and serum SOD activity. British Poultry Science, 52(4): 472-482.
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Gözde Kılınç 0000-0002-8667-3390

Mevlüt Karaoğlu This is me

Project Number 2012/413
Publication Date March 1, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 2 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Kılınç, G., & Karaoğlu, M. (2020). Effects of Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) Seed Oil and St John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) Extract Supplementation into Diets of Laying Hens at Different Levels on Performance, Egg Quality and Some Blood Parameters. International Journal of Science Letters, 2(1), 26-38. https://doi.org/10.38058/ijsl.681424
AMA Kılınç G, Karaoğlu M. Effects of Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) Seed Oil and St John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) Extract Supplementation into Diets of Laying Hens at Different Levels on Performance, Egg Quality and Some Blood Parameters. IJSL. March 2020;2(1):26-38. doi:10.38058/ijsl.681424
Chicago Kılınç, Gözde, and Mevlüt Karaoğlu. “Effects of Grape (Vitis Vinifera L.) Seed Oil and St John’s Wort (Hypericum Perforatum L.) Extract Supplementation into Diets of Laying Hens at Different Levels on Performance, Egg Quality and Some Blood Parameters”. International Journal of Science Letters 2, no. 1 (March 2020): 26-38. https://doi.org/10.38058/ijsl.681424.
EndNote Kılınç G, Karaoğlu M (March 1, 2020) Effects of Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) Seed Oil and St John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) Extract Supplementation into Diets of Laying Hens at Different Levels on Performance, Egg Quality and Some Blood Parameters. International Journal of Science Letters 2 1 26–38.
IEEE G. Kılınç and M. Karaoğlu, “Effects of Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) Seed Oil and St John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) Extract Supplementation into Diets of Laying Hens at Different Levels on Performance, Egg Quality and Some Blood Parameters”, IJSL, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 26–38, 2020, doi: 10.38058/ijsl.681424.
ISNAD Kılınç, Gözde - Karaoğlu, Mevlüt. “Effects of Grape (Vitis Vinifera L.) Seed Oil and St John’s Wort (Hypericum Perforatum L.) Extract Supplementation into Diets of Laying Hens at Different Levels on Performance, Egg Quality and Some Blood Parameters”. International Journal of Science Letters 2/1 (March 2020), 26-38. https://doi.org/10.38058/ijsl.681424.
JAMA Kılınç G, Karaoğlu M. Effects of Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) Seed Oil and St John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) Extract Supplementation into Diets of Laying Hens at Different Levels on Performance, Egg Quality and Some Blood Parameters. IJSL. 2020;2:26–38.
MLA Kılınç, Gözde and Mevlüt Karaoğlu. “Effects of Grape (Vitis Vinifera L.) Seed Oil and St John’s Wort (Hypericum Perforatum L.) Extract Supplementation into Diets of Laying Hens at Different Levels on Performance, Egg Quality and Some Blood Parameters”. International Journal of Science Letters, vol. 2, no. 1, 2020, pp. 26-38, doi:10.38058/ijsl.681424.
Vancouver Kılınç G, Karaoğlu M. Effects of Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) Seed Oil and St John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) Extract Supplementation into Diets of Laying Hens at Different Levels on Performance, Egg Quality and Some Blood Parameters. IJSL. 2020;2(1):26-38.