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Effect of Salt Stress on Seed Germination, Shoot and Root Length in Basil (Ocimum basilicum)

Year 2017, Volume: 4 Issue: 3, Special Issue 1, 69 - 76, 25.11.2017
https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.356250

Abstract

Salinity is one of the most environmental problems in arid and semi-arid region. It is an abiotic stress factor which restricts crop production and affects development of plants. One of the these plants is basil (Ocimum basilicum). It is an annual medicinal and aromatic plant from Lamiaceae family. The present study was carried out to determine the response of different salt concentrations from 0 to 240 mM doses which increasing 20 mM. The experiment was conducted with randomized complete block design with 3 replications and placed 20 number from seeds of each plant in petri dishes. 39 petris were used consisting from 1 plant x 13 salt levels x 3 replicats. Germination tests were made at constant temperature (29±1 °C), dark field and drying oven in laboratory conditions. Appropriate test solution was placed at each petri dish being 5 ml and was changed with an interval of two days. According to the study results, germination speed and power of basil seeds completed within 3-15 days. The results noted that root lenght changed between 0.08-5.07 cm, shoot lenght changed between 0.1-5.82 cm in the basil and they changed between 10-100% germination rate between the 0-240 mM salt concentrations. The lowest germination speed and power were seen in 240 mM and the highest germination speed and power were seen in 20 mM except control condition. Germination percentage of basil seeds were decreased from 0 (control) to 240 mM. In addition to this, the highest shoot and root lenght were obtained from 20 mM and the lowest shoot and root lenght were obtained from 240 mM except control condition. Root lenght/shoot lenght was also determined changing between 0.43-1.27. According to results, it was determined that germination number and rate, shoot and root lenght were statistically affected by different salt doses. Considering different salt doses, the highest number of germination was obtained from 20 mM salt dose, the lowest value was determined in 240 mM salt application compared to control application. It is suggested that salt tolerence studies should be preferred under 200 mM salt dose to obtain the germination number and rate over 80% in different salt doses and in order to grow the basil under salted areas.

References

  • Verpoorte, R., Contin, A., & Memelink, J. (2002.) Biotechnology for the production of plant secondary metabolites. Phytochemistry, 1, 13–25.
  • Said-Al Ahl, H.A.H., & Omer, E.A. (2011). Medicinal and aromatic plants production under salt stress. Herba Polonica Journal, 57, 72–87
  • Sosa, L., Llanes, A., Reinoso, H., Reginato, M., & Luna, V. (2005). Osmotic and specifici on effect on the germination of Prosopis strombu lifera.. Annals of Botany, 96, 261–267.
  • Khan, M.A., & Rizvi, Y. (1994). Effect of salinity, temperature and growth regulators on the germination and early seedling growth of Atriplex griffithii var. stocksii. Canadian Journal of Botany, 72, 475-479.
  • Flowers, T.J., & Yeo, A.R. (1995). Breeding for salinity resistance in crop plant: where next?. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 22, 875:884.
  • Shannon, M.C., & Grieve, C.M. (1999). Tolerance of vegetable crops tosalinity. Scientia Horticulturae, 78, 5–38.
  • Miceli, A., Moncada, A., & D’Anna, F. (2003). Effect of water salinity on seeds-germination of Ocimum basilicum L., Erucasativa L. and Petroselinum hortense, Hoffm. Acta Horticulturae, 609, 365–370.
  • Ramin, A.A. (2005). Effects of salinity and temperature on germination and seedling establishment of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Journal of Herbs, Spices and Medicinal Plant, 11, 81–90.
  • Ali, R.M., Abbas, H.M., & Kamal, R.K. (2007). The effects of treatment with polyaminesondry matter, oil and flavonoid contents in salinity stressed chamomile and sweet marjoram. Plant, Soil and Environment, 53, 529–543.
  • Belaqziz, R., Romane, A., & Abbad, A. (2009). Salt stress effects ongermination, growth and essential oil content of an endemic thyme speciesin Morocco (Thymus maroccanus Ball.). Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 5, 858–863.
  • Shalan, M.N., Abdel-Latif, T.A.T., & Ghadban, E.A.E. (2006). Effect of watersalinity and some nutritional compounds on the growth and production of sweet marjoram plants (Majorana hortensis L.). Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research, 84, 959.
  • Aziz, E.E., Al-Amier, H., & Craker, L.E. (2008). Influence of salt stress on growth and essential oil production in peppermint, pennyroyal, andapple mint. Journal of Herbs, Spices and Medicinal Plants, 14, 77–87.
  • Leithy, S., Gaballah, M.S., & Gomaa, A.M. (2009). Associative impact of bio-and organic fertilizers on geranium plants grown under saline conditions. International Journal of Academic Research, 1, 17–23.
  • Najafian, S., Khoshkhui, M., Tavallali, V., & Saharkhiz, M.J. (2009). Effect of salicylic acid and salinity in thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.): investigation on changes in gasex change, water relations, and membrane stabilization and biomass accumulation. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 3, 2620-2626.
  • Ben Taarit, M.K., Msaada, K., Hosni, K.M., Hammami, M., Kchouk, E., & Marzouk, B. (2009) Plant growth, essential oil yield and composition of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) fruits cultivated under salt stress conditions. Indian Crops Prod, 30, 333–337.
  • Queslati, S., Karray-Bouraoui, N., Attia, H., Rabhi, M., Ksouri, R., & Lachaal, M. (2010). Physiological and antioxidant responses of Mentha pulegium (Pennyroyal) to salt stress. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 32, 289-296.
  • Telci, I., Bayram, E., Yilmaz, G., Avci B. (2006). Variability in essential oil composition of Turkish basils (Ocimum basilicum L.). Biochemical Systematic and Ecology, 34, 489-497.
  • Keita, S.M., Vincent, C., Schmit, J.P., Arnason, J.T., & Belanger, A. (2001). Efficacy of essential oil of Ocimum basilicum L. and O. gratissimum L. applied as an insecticidal fumigant and powder to control Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) [Coleoptera: Bruchidae]. Journal of Stored Products Research, 37, 339-349.
  • Hasegawa, P.M., Bressan, R.A., Zhu, J.K., & Bohnert, H.J. (2000). Plant cellular and molecular responses to high salinity. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, 51,463-499.
  • Munns, R. (2002). Comparative physiology of salt and water stress. Plant, Cell and Environment, 25, 239-250.
  • Muscolo, A., Sidari, M., Santonoceto, C., Anastasi, U, & Preiti, G. (2007). Response of four genotypes of lentil to salt stress conditions. Seed Science and Technology, 35, 497-503.
  • Muscolo, A., Sidari, M., Panuccio, M.R., Santonoceto, C., Orsini, F., & De Pascale, S. (2011). Plant responses in saline and semiarid environments: an overview. The European Journal of Plant Science and Biotechnology, 5, 1-11.
  • Zhu, J.K. (2007). Plant salt stress. In: O’Daly A, ed. Encyclopedia of life sciences. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 1-3.
  • Sidari, M., Santonoceto, C., Anastasi, U., Preiti, G., & Muscolo, A. (2008). Variations in four genotypes of lentil under NaCl-salinity stress. American Journal of Agriculture and Biological Science, 3, 410-416.
  • Muscolo, A., Panuccio, M.R., & Heshel, A. (2013). Ecophysiology of Pennisetum clandestinum: a valuable salt tolerant grass. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 92,55-63.
  • Schleiff, U., Muscolo, A. (2011). Fresh look at plant salt tolerance as affected by dynamics at the soil/root-interface using Leek and Rape as model crops. The European Journal of Plant Science and Biotechnology, 5, 27-32.
  • Rahman, M., Soomro, U., Zahoor-Ul-Hag, M., & Gul, S.H. (2008). Effects of NaCl salinity on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 4(3), 398-403.
  • Baatour, O.R., Kaddour, W., Wannes, A., Lachaal, M., & Marzouk, B. (2010). Salt effects on the growth, mineral nutrition, essential oil yield and composition of marjoram (Origanum majorana). Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 32, 45-51.
  • Konak, C., Yılmaz, R., & Arabacı, O. (1999). Ege bölgesi buğdaylarında tuza tolerans. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 23, 1223-1229.
  • Yaldız, G., Çamlıca, M., & Özen, F. (2016). Effect on the germination of some medicinal and aromatic plants of different salt concentrations. 2nd International Conference on Science, Ecology and Technology, 14-16 October, 698-705.

Effect of Salt Stress on Seed Germination, Shoot and Root Length in Basil (Ocimum basilicum)

Year 2017, Volume: 4 Issue: 3, Special Issue 1, 69 - 76, 25.11.2017
https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.356250

Abstract

Salinity is one of the most environmental problems in
arid and semi-arid region. It is an abiotic stress factor which restricts crop
production and affects development of plants. One of the these plants is basil
(Ocimum basilicum). It is an annual
medicinal and aromatic plant from Lamiaceae family. The present study was
carried out to determine the response of different salt concentrations from 0
to 240 mM doses which increasing 20 mM. The experiment was conducted with
randomized complete block design with 3 replications and placed 20 number from
seeds of each plant in petri dishes. 39 petris were used consisting from 1
plant x 13 salt levels x 3 replicats. Germination tests were made at constant
temperature (29±1 °C), dark field and drying oven in laboratory conditions.
Appropriate test solution was placed at each petri dish being 5 ml and was
changed with an interval of two days. According to the study results,
germination speed and power of basil seeds completed within 3-15 days. The
results noted that root lenght changed between 0.08-5.07 cm, shoot lenght
changed between 0.1-5.82 cm in the basil and they changed between 10-100%
germination rate between the 0-240 mM salt concentrations. The lowest
germination speed and power were seen in 240 mM and the highest germination
speed and power were seen in 20 mM except control condition. Germination percentage
of basil seeds were decreased from 0 (control) to 240 mM. In addition to this,
the highest shoot and root lenght were obtained from 20 mM and the lowest shoot
and root lenght were obtained from 240 mM except control condition. Root
lenght/shoot lenght was also determined changing between 0.43-1.27. According
to results, it was determined that germination number and rate, shoot and root
lenght were statistically affected by different salt doses. Considering
different salt doses, the highest number of germination was obtained from 20 mM
salt dose, the lowest value was determined in 240 mM salt application compared
to control application. It is suggested that salt tolerence studies should be
preferred under 200 mM salt dose to obtain the germination number and rate over
80%  in different salt doses and in order
to grow the basil under salted areas.

References

  • Verpoorte, R., Contin, A., & Memelink, J. (2002.) Biotechnology for the production of plant secondary metabolites. Phytochemistry, 1, 13–25.
  • Said-Al Ahl, H.A.H., & Omer, E.A. (2011). Medicinal and aromatic plants production under salt stress. Herba Polonica Journal, 57, 72–87
  • Sosa, L., Llanes, A., Reinoso, H., Reginato, M., & Luna, V. (2005). Osmotic and specifici on effect on the germination of Prosopis strombu lifera.. Annals of Botany, 96, 261–267.
  • Khan, M.A., & Rizvi, Y. (1994). Effect of salinity, temperature and growth regulators on the germination and early seedling growth of Atriplex griffithii var. stocksii. Canadian Journal of Botany, 72, 475-479.
  • Flowers, T.J., & Yeo, A.R. (1995). Breeding for salinity resistance in crop plant: where next?. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 22, 875:884.
  • Shannon, M.C., & Grieve, C.M. (1999). Tolerance of vegetable crops tosalinity. Scientia Horticulturae, 78, 5–38.
  • Miceli, A., Moncada, A., & D’Anna, F. (2003). Effect of water salinity on seeds-germination of Ocimum basilicum L., Erucasativa L. and Petroselinum hortense, Hoffm. Acta Horticulturae, 609, 365–370.
  • Ramin, A.A. (2005). Effects of salinity and temperature on germination and seedling establishment of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Journal of Herbs, Spices and Medicinal Plant, 11, 81–90.
  • Ali, R.M., Abbas, H.M., & Kamal, R.K. (2007). The effects of treatment with polyaminesondry matter, oil and flavonoid contents in salinity stressed chamomile and sweet marjoram. Plant, Soil and Environment, 53, 529–543.
  • Belaqziz, R., Romane, A., & Abbad, A. (2009). Salt stress effects ongermination, growth and essential oil content of an endemic thyme speciesin Morocco (Thymus maroccanus Ball.). Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 5, 858–863.
  • Shalan, M.N., Abdel-Latif, T.A.T., & Ghadban, E.A.E. (2006). Effect of watersalinity and some nutritional compounds on the growth and production of sweet marjoram plants (Majorana hortensis L.). Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research, 84, 959.
  • Aziz, E.E., Al-Amier, H., & Craker, L.E. (2008). Influence of salt stress on growth and essential oil production in peppermint, pennyroyal, andapple mint. Journal of Herbs, Spices and Medicinal Plants, 14, 77–87.
  • Leithy, S., Gaballah, M.S., & Gomaa, A.M. (2009). Associative impact of bio-and organic fertilizers on geranium plants grown under saline conditions. International Journal of Academic Research, 1, 17–23.
  • Najafian, S., Khoshkhui, M., Tavallali, V., & Saharkhiz, M.J. (2009). Effect of salicylic acid and salinity in thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.): investigation on changes in gasex change, water relations, and membrane stabilization and biomass accumulation. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 3, 2620-2626.
  • Ben Taarit, M.K., Msaada, K., Hosni, K.M., Hammami, M., Kchouk, E., & Marzouk, B. (2009) Plant growth, essential oil yield and composition of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) fruits cultivated under salt stress conditions. Indian Crops Prod, 30, 333–337.
  • Queslati, S., Karray-Bouraoui, N., Attia, H., Rabhi, M., Ksouri, R., & Lachaal, M. (2010). Physiological and antioxidant responses of Mentha pulegium (Pennyroyal) to salt stress. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 32, 289-296.
  • Telci, I., Bayram, E., Yilmaz, G., Avci B. (2006). Variability in essential oil composition of Turkish basils (Ocimum basilicum L.). Biochemical Systematic and Ecology, 34, 489-497.
  • Keita, S.M., Vincent, C., Schmit, J.P., Arnason, J.T., & Belanger, A. (2001). Efficacy of essential oil of Ocimum basilicum L. and O. gratissimum L. applied as an insecticidal fumigant and powder to control Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) [Coleoptera: Bruchidae]. Journal of Stored Products Research, 37, 339-349.
  • Hasegawa, P.M., Bressan, R.A., Zhu, J.K., & Bohnert, H.J. (2000). Plant cellular and molecular responses to high salinity. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, 51,463-499.
  • Munns, R. (2002). Comparative physiology of salt and water stress. Plant, Cell and Environment, 25, 239-250.
  • Muscolo, A., Sidari, M., Santonoceto, C., Anastasi, U, & Preiti, G. (2007). Response of four genotypes of lentil to salt stress conditions. Seed Science and Technology, 35, 497-503.
  • Muscolo, A., Sidari, M., Panuccio, M.R., Santonoceto, C., Orsini, F., & De Pascale, S. (2011). Plant responses in saline and semiarid environments: an overview. The European Journal of Plant Science and Biotechnology, 5, 1-11.
  • Zhu, J.K. (2007). Plant salt stress. In: O’Daly A, ed. Encyclopedia of life sciences. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 1-3.
  • Sidari, M., Santonoceto, C., Anastasi, U., Preiti, G., & Muscolo, A. (2008). Variations in four genotypes of lentil under NaCl-salinity stress. American Journal of Agriculture and Biological Science, 3, 410-416.
  • Muscolo, A., Panuccio, M.R., & Heshel, A. (2013). Ecophysiology of Pennisetum clandestinum: a valuable salt tolerant grass. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 92,55-63.
  • Schleiff, U., Muscolo, A. (2011). Fresh look at plant salt tolerance as affected by dynamics at the soil/root-interface using Leek and Rape as model crops. The European Journal of Plant Science and Biotechnology, 5, 27-32.
  • Rahman, M., Soomro, U., Zahoor-Ul-Hag, M., & Gul, S.H. (2008). Effects of NaCl salinity on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 4(3), 398-403.
  • Baatour, O.R., Kaddour, W., Wannes, A., Lachaal, M., & Marzouk, B. (2010). Salt effects on the growth, mineral nutrition, essential oil yield and composition of marjoram (Origanum majorana). Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 32, 45-51.
  • Konak, C., Yılmaz, R., & Arabacı, O. (1999). Ege bölgesi buğdaylarında tuza tolerans. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 23, 1223-1229.
  • Yaldız, G., Çamlıca, M., & Özen, F. (2016). Effect on the germination of some medicinal and aromatic plants of different salt concentrations. 2nd International Conference on Science, Ecology and Technology, 14-16 October, 698-705.
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Structural Biology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Mahmut Çamlıca

Gülsüm Yaldız

Publication Date November 25, 2017
Submission Date April 29, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 4 Issue: 3, Special Issue 1

Cite

APA Çamlıca, M., & Yaldız, G. (2017). Effect of Salt Stress on Seed Germination, Shoot and Root Length in Basil (Ocimum basilicum). International Journal of Secondary Metabolite, 4(3, Special Issue 1), 69-76. https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.356250

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International Journal of Secondary Metabolite

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