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Production of Biogas and Astaxanthin from Fruit and Vegetable Wastes Using an Integrated System

Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 35 - 46, 20.03.2020
https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.702498

Abstract

The use of fruit and vegetable wastes in biogas production is an attractive option, as it provides simultaneous waste treatment and energy production. The use of the CO2 in biogas for algae cultivation with a zero waste approach would make this process even more attractive. In this way, biogas enrichment, which is traditionally done using economically costly and non-environmentally friendly methods, would be improved, and algae cultivation would become more economical. In the first part of this study, the operation conditions for the biogas reactor and the algae reactor for astaxanthin production were optimized separately. Rates of up to 1.2 L CH4/day and yields up to 0.5 L CH4/g volatile solids were obtained with a 2.5 g dry matter/L day organic loading rate with an anaerobic bioreactor, and 5.1 mg/g astaxanthin was produced by air feeding. When it was decided that sufficient astaxanthin was produced, astaxanthin was obtained using vegetable oils (olive and nut), an environmentally friendly extraction method. In the second part of this study, the anaerobic bioreactor and the algae reactor were integrated, and 6 mg/g astaxanthin production was observed using fruit and vegetable wastes as the substrate for biogas production and the CO2 in biogas for cultivation of Haematococcus pluvialis and therefore astaxanthin production. The integrated system resulted in higher astaxhantin production with a zero waste approach. Moreover, the residual biomass remaining after extraction was fed back into the biogas reactor as a substrate, adopting a zero waste biorefinery approach.

Supporting Institution

TUBITAK

Project Number

TUBITAK 2209

References

  • Mann, G., Schlegel, M., Schumann, R., Sakalauskas, A. (2009). Biogas-conditioning with microalgae. Agron. Res. 7(1), 33-38.
  • Ambati, R.R., Moi, P.S., Ravi, S., Aswathanarayana, R.G. (2014). Astaxanthin: Sources, extraction, stability, biological activities and its commercial applications - A review. Marine Drugs, 12, 128-152. doi:10.3390/md12010128
  • Caponio, G., Massaro, V., Mossa, G., Mummolo, G. (2015). Strategic energy planning of residential buildings in a smart city: A system dynamics approach. Int. J. Eng. Bus. Manag., 7(20), 1-12. doi:10.5772/61768
  • Weiland, P. (2010). Biogas production: Current state and perspectives. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 85, 849–860. doi: 10.1007/s00253-009-2246-7
  • Bagi, Z., Acs, N., Balint, B., Horvath, L., Dobo, K., Perei, K.R., Rakhely, G., et al. (2007). Biotechnological intensification of biogas production. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 76(2), 473-482. doi:10.1007/s00253-007-1009-6
  • Merlin Christy, P., Gopinath, L.R., Divya, D. (2014). A review on anaerobic decomposition and enhancement of biogas production through enzymes and microorganisms. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews., 34, 167-173. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2014.03.010
  • Ranieri, L., Mossa, G., Pellegrino, R. , Digiesi, S. (2018). Energy recovery from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste: A real options-based facility assessment. Sustain.,10(2), 368-375. doi:10.3390/su10020368
  • Salihoglu, G., Salihoglu, N.K., Ucaroglu, S. ,Banar, M. (2018) Food loss and waste management in Turkey. Bioresource Technology 248, 88 99. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2017.06.083
  • Patil, V.S., Deshmukh, H.V. (2015). A review on Co-Digestion of Vegetable waste with Organic wastes for Energy Generation. International Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 4(6), 80-83.
  • Bouallagui, H., Haourai, O., Touhami, Y., Ben Cheikh, R., Marouani, L., Hamdi, M. (2004). Effect of temperature on the performance of an anaerobic tubular reactor treating fruit and vegetable waste. Process Biochem., 39(12), 2143-2148. doi:10.1016/j.procbio.2003.11.022
  • Velmurugan, B., Ramanujam, R.A. (2011). Anaerobic digestion of vegetable wastes for biogas production in a fed-batch reactor. Int. J. Emerg. Sci., 1(3), 478.
  • Viturtia, A.M., Mata-Alvarez, J., Cecchi, F., Fazzini, G. (1989). Two-phase anaerobic digestion of a mixture of fruit and vegetable wastes. Biol. Wastes, 13(3-4), 257-267. doi:10.1016/0269-7483(89)90130-4
  • Raynal, J., Delgenès, J.P., Moletta, R. (1998). Two-phase anaerobic digestion of solid wastes by a multiple liquefaction reactors process. Bioresour. Technol., 65(1-2), 97-103. doi:10.1016/S0960-8524(98)00009-1
  • Bouallagui, H., Touhami, Y., Ben Cheikh, R., Hamdi, M. (2005). Bioreactor performance in anaerobic digestion of fruit and vegetable wastes. Process Biochemistry, 40(3-4), 989-995. doi:10.1016/j.procbio.2004.03.007
  • Scano, E.A., Asquer, C., Pistis, A., Ortu, L., Demontis, V., Cocco, D. (2014). Biogas from anaerobic digestion of fruit and vegetable wastes: Experimental results on pilot-scale and preliminary performance evaluation of a full-scale power plant. Energy Convers. Manag., 77, 22-30. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2013.09.004
  • Sun, Q., Li, H., Yan, J., Liu, L., Yu, Z., Yu, X. (2015). Selection of appropriate biogas upgrading technology-a review of biogas cleaning, upgrading and utilisation. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews., 51, 521-532. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.06.029
  • Guerin, M., Huntley, M.E., Olaizola, M. (2003). Haematococcus astaxanthin: Applications for human health and nutrition. Trends in Biotechnology, 21(5), 210-216. doi:10.1016/S0167-7799(03)00078-7
  • Shah, M.M.R., Liang, Y., Cheng, J.J. , Daroch, M. (2016). Astaxanthin-producing green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis: From single cell to high value commercial products. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7, 531-563. doi:10.3389/fpls.2016.00531
  • Higuera-Ciapara, I., Félix-Valenzuela, L., Goycoolea, F.M. (2006). Astaxanthin: A review of its chemistry and applications. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 46(2), 185-196 doi:10.1080/10408690590957188
  • Xi, T., Kim, D. G., Roh, S. W., Choi, J. S., Choi, Y. E. (2016). Enhancement of astaxanthin production using Haematococcus pluvialis with novel LED wavelength shift strategy. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 100(14), 6231-6238. doi:10.1007/s00253-016-7301-6
  • Boonnoun, P., Kurita, Y. (2016). Wet Extraction of Lipids and Astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis by Liquefied Dimethyl Ether. J. Nutr. Food Sci., 4(5), 1000305 doi:10.4172/2155-9600.1000305
  • Kang, C.D., Sim, S.J. (2008). Direct extraction of astaxanthin from Haematococcus culture using vegetable oils. Biotechnol. Lett., 30(3), 441-444. doi:10.1007/s10529-007-9578-0
  • Samorì, C., Pezzolesi, L., Galletti, P., Semeraro, M., Tagliavini, E. (2019). Extraction and milking of astaxanthin from: Haematococcus pluvialis cultures. Green Chem. (accepted; in press). doi:10.1039/c9gc01273g
  • Rao, A.R., Sarada, R., Ravishankar, G.A. (2007). Stabilization of astaxanthin in edible oils and its use as an antioxidant. J. Sci. Food Agric., 87(6), 957-965. doi:10.1002/jsfa.2766
  • Imamoglu, E., Vardar Sukan, F., Conk Dalay, M. (2007). Effect of Different Culture Media and Light Intensities on Growth of Haematococcus pluvialis. Int. J. Nat. Eng. Sci., 1(3), 05-09.
  • Azbar, N., Dokgöz, F.T., Keskin, T., Eltem, R., Korkmaz, K.S., Gezgin, Y., Akbal, Z., et al. (2009). Comparative evaluation of bio-hydrogen production from cheese whey wastewater under thermophilic and mesophilic anaerobic conditions. Int. J. Green Energy., 6,192-200.
  • Qiao, W., Yan, X., Ye, J., Sun, Y., Wang, W., Zhang, Z. (2011). Evaluation of biogas production from different biomass wastes with/without hydrothermal pretreatment. Renew. Energy., 36(12), 3313-3318. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2011.05.002
  • Bouallagui, H., Torrijos, M., Godon, J.J., Moletta, R., Cheikh, R.B., Touhami, Y., Delgenes, J.P., et al. (2004). Two-phases anaerobic digestion of fruit and vegetable wastes: Bioreactors performance. Biochem. Eng. J., 21(2), 193 197. doi:10.1016/j.bej.2004.05.001
  • Imamoglu, E., Dalay, M.C., Sukan, F. V. (2009). Influences of different stress media and high light intensities on accumulation of astaxanthin in the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis. N. Biotechnol., 26(3-4), 199-204. doi:10.1016/j.nbt.2009.08.007

Production of Biogas and Astaxanthin from Fruit and Vegetable Wastes Using an Integrated System

Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 35 - 46, 20.03.2020
https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.702498

Abstract

The use of fruit and vegetable wastes in biogas production is an attractive option, as it provides simultaneous waste treatment and energy production. The use of the CO2 in biogas for algae cultivation with a zero waste approach would make this process even more attractive. In this way, biogas enrichment, which is traditionally done using economically costly and non-environmentally friendly methods, would be improved, and algae cultivation would become more economical. In the first part of this study, the operation conditions for the biogas reactor and the algae reactor for astaxanthin production were optimized separately. Rates of up to 1.2 L CH4/day and yields up to 0.5 L CH4/g volatile solids were obtained with a 2.5 g dry matter/L day organic loading rate with an anaerobic bioreactor, and 5.1 mg/g astaxanthin was produced by air feeding. When it was decided that sufficient astaxanthin was produced, astaxanthin was obtained using vegetable oils (olive and nut), an environmentally friendly extraction method. In the second part of this study, the anaerobic bioreactor and the algae reactor were integrated, and 6 mg/g astaxanthin production was observed using fruit and vegetable wastes as the substrate for biogas production and the CO2 in biogas for cultivation of Haematococcus pluvialis and therefore astaxanthin production. The integrated system resulted in higher astaxhantin production with a zero waste approach. Moreover, the residual biomass remaining after extraction was fed back into the biogas reactor as a substrate, adopting a zero waste biorefinery approach.

Project Number

TUBITAK 2209

References

  • Mann, G., Schlegel, M., Schumann, R., Sakalauskas, A. (2009). Biogas-conditioning with microalgae. Agron. Res. 7(1), 33-38.
  • Ambati, R.R., Moi, P.S., Ravi, S., Aswathanarayana, R.G. (2014). Astaxanthin: Sources, extraction, stability, biological activities and its commercial applications - A review. Marine Drugs, 12, 128-152. doi:10.3390/md12010128
  • Caponio, G., Massaro, V., Mossa, G., Mummolo, G. (2015). Strategic energy planning of residential buildings in a smart city: A system dynamics approach. Int. J. Eng. Bus. Manag., 7(20), 1-12. doi:10.5772/61768
  • Weiland, P. (2010). Biogas production: Current state and perspectives. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 85, 849–860. doi: 10.1007/s00253-009-2246-7
  • Bagi, Z., Acs, N., Balint, B., Horvath, L., Dobo, K., Perei, K.R., Rakhely, G., et al. (2007). Biotechnological intensification of biogas production. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 76(2), 473-482. doi:10.1007/s00253-007-1009-6
  • Merlin Christy, P., Gopinath, L.R., Divya, D. (2014). A review on anaerobic decomposition and enhancement of biogas production through enzymes and microorganisms. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews., 34, 167-173. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2014.03.010
  • Ranieri, L., Mossa, G., Pellegrino, R. , Digiesi, S. (2018). Energy recovery from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste: A real options-based facility assessment. Sustain.,10(2), 368-375. doi:10.3390/su10020368
  • Salihoglu, G., Salihoglu, N.K., Ucaroglu, S. ,Banar, M. (2018) Food loss and waste management in Turkey. Bioresource Technology 248, 88 99. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2017.06.083
  • Patil, V.S., Deshmukh, H.V. (2015). A review on Co-Digestion of Vegetable waste with Organic wastes for Energy Generation. International Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 4(6), 80-83.
  • Bouallagui, H., Haourai, O., Touhami, Y., Ben Cheikh, R., Marouani, L., Hamdi, M. (2004). Effect of temperature on the performance of an anaerobic tubular reactor treating fruit and vegetable waste. Process Biochem., 39(12), 2143-2148. doi:10.1016/j.procbio.2003.11.022
  • Velmurugan, B., Ramanujam, R.A. (2011). Anaerobic digestion of vegetable wastes for biogas production in a fed-batch reactor. Int. J. Emerg. Sci., 1(3), 478.
  • Viturtia, A.M., Mata-Alvarez, J., Cecchi, F., Fazzini, G. (1989). Two-phase anaerobic digestion of a mixture of fruit and vegetable wastes. Biol. Wastes, 13(3-4), 257-267. doi:10.1016/0269-7483(89)90130-4
  • Raynal, J., Delgenès, J.P., Moletta, R. (1998). Two-phase anaerobic digestion of solid wastes by a multiple liquefaction reactors process. Bioresour. Technol., 65(1-2), 97-103. doi:10.1016/S0960-8524(98)00009-1
  • Bouallagui, H., Touhami, Y., Ben Cheikh, R., Hamdi, M. (2005). Bioreactor performance in anaerobic digestion of fruit and vegetable wastes. Process Biochemistry, 40(3-4), 989-995. doi:10.1016/j.procbio.2004.03.007
  • Scano, E.A., Asquer, C., Pistis, A., Ortu, L., Demontis, V., Cocco, D. (2014). Biogas from anaerobic digestion of fruit and vegetable wastes: Experimental results on pilot-scale and preliminary performance evaluation of a full-scale power plant. Energy Convers. Manag., 77, 22-30. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2013.09.004
  • Sun, Q., Li, H., Yan, J., Liu, L., Yu, Z., Yu, X. (2015). Selection of appropriate biogas upgrading technology-a review of biogas cleaning, upgrading and utilisation. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews., 51, 521-532. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.06.029
  • Guerin, M., Huntley, M.E., Olaizola, M. (2003). Haematococcus astaxanthin: Applications for human health and nutrition. Trends in Biotechnology, 21(5), 210-216. doi:10.1016/S0167-7799(03)00078-7
  • Shah, M.M.R., Liang, Y., Cheng, J.J. , Daroch, M. (2016). Astaxanthin-producing green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis: From single cell to high value commercial products. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7, 531-563. doi:10.3389/fpls.2016.00531
  • Higuera-Ciapara, I., Félix-Valenzuela, L., Goycoolea, F.M. (2006). Astaxanthin: A review of its chemistry and applications. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 46(2), 185-196 doi:10.1080/10408690590957188
  • Xi, T., Kim, D. G., Roh, S. W., Choi, J. S., Choi, Y. E. (2016). Enhancement of astaxanthin production using Haematococcus pluvialis with novel LED wavelength shift strategy. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 100(14), 6231-6238. doi:10.1007/s00253-016-7301-6
  • Boonnoun, P., Kurita, Y. (2016). Wet Extraction of Lipids and Astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis by Liquefied Dimethyl Ether. J. Nutr. Food Sci., 4(5), 1000305 doi:10.4172/2155-9600.1000305
  • Kang, C.D., Sim, S.J. (2008). Direct extraction of astaxanthin from Haematococcus culture using vegetable oils. Biotechnol. Lett., 30(3), 441-444. doi:10.1007/s10529-007-9578-0
  • Samorì, C., Pezzolesi, L., Galletti, P., Semeraro, M., Tagliavini, E. (2019). Extraction and milking of astaxanthin from: Haematococcus pluvialis cultures. Green Chem. (accepted; in press). doi:10.1039/c9gc01273g
  • Rao, A.R., Sarada, R., Ravishankar, G.A. (2007). Stabilization of astaxanthin in edible oils and its use as an antioxidant. J. Sci. Food Agric., 87(6), 957-965. doi:10.1002/jsfa.2766
  • Imamoglu, E., Vardar Sukan, F., Conk Dalay, M. (2007). Effect of Different Culture Media and Light Intensities on Growth of Haematococcus pluvialis. Int. J. Nat. Eng. Sci., 1(3), 05-09.
  • Azbar, N., Dokgöz, F.T., Keskin, T., Eltem, R., Korkmaz, K.S., Gezgin, Y., Akbal, Z., et al. (2009). Comparative evaluation of bio-hydrogen production from cheese whey wastewater under thermophilic and mesophilic anaerobic conditions. Int. J. Green Energy., 6,192-200.
  • Qiao, W., Yan, X., Ye, J., Sun, Y., Wang, W., Zhang, Z. (2011). Evaluation of biogas production from different biomass wastes with/without hydrothermal pretreatment. Renew. Energy., 36(12), 3313-3318. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2011.05.002
  • Bouallagui, H., Torrijos, M., Godon, J.J., Moletta, R., Cheikh, R.B., Touhami, Y., Delgenes, J.P., et al. (2004). Two-phases anaerobic digestion of fruit and vegetable wastes: Bioreactors performance. Biochem. Eng. J., 21(2), 193 197. doi:10.1016/j.bej.2004.05.001
  • Imamoglu, E., Dalay, M.C., Sukan, F. V. (2009). Influences of different stress media and high light intensities on accumulation of astaxanthin in the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis. N. Biotechnol., 26(3-4), 199-204. doi:10.1016/j.nbt.2009.08.007
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Structural Biology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Okyanus Yazgın This is me 0000-0002-1895-3884

Tugba Keskin-gundogdu This is me 0000-0001-9354-7774

Project Number TUBITAK 2209
Publication Date March 20, 2020
Submission Date January 1, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Yazgın, O., & Keskin-gundogdu, T. (2020). Production of Biogas and Astaxanthin from Fruit and Vegetable Wastes Using an Integrated System. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite, 7(1), 35-46. https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.702498
International Journal of Secondary Metabolite

e-ISSN: 2148-6905