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LC-MS/MS analyses and biological activities of Onosma sintenisii and O. mutabile

Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 112 - 124, 10.03.2022

Abstract

This study was aimed to investigate the chemical compositions, in vitro antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of methanol extracts from O. sintenisii and O. mutabile. Spectrophotometric analyzes showed that the total phenolic and flavonoid content of O. mutabile was higher than O. sintenisii. Findings from the chromatographic analyzes also confirmed the spectrophotometric analyses. It was determined that O. mutabile contains high levels of apigenin 7-glucoside and rosmarinic acid. O. mutabile extract exhibited higher activity in all of the antioxidant activity tests. O. sintenisii exhibited higher inhibitory activity on other enzymes except for α-amylase. It was understood that there was a close relationship between the antioxidant activities of the extracts and their chemical compositions. However, it was concluded that more detailed tests should be done to determine the phytochemicals responsible for the enzyme inhibitory activities of the extracts in question.

References

  • Agunloye, O.M., Oboh, G., Ademiluyi, A.O., Ademosun, A.O., Akindahunsi, A.A., Oyagbemi, A.A., Omobowale, T.O., Ajibade, T.O., & Adedapo, A.A. (2019). Cardio-protective and antioxidant properties of caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid: Mechanistic role of angiotensin converting enzyme, cholinesterase and arginase activities in cyclosporine induced hypertensive rats. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 109, 450-458.
  • Akcin, O.E. (2007). Nutlets micromorphology of some Onosoma L. (Boraginaceae) species from Turkey. Biologia, 62(6), 684-689.
  • Almansour, A.I., Arumugam, N., Kumar, R.S., Kotresha, D., Manohar, T.S., & Venketesh, S. (2020). Design, synthesis and cholinesterase inhibitory activity of novel spiropyrrolidine tethered imidazole heterocyclic hybrids. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 30(2), 126789.
  • Apak, R., Güçlü, K., Özyürek, M., Esin Karademir, S., & Erçaǧ, E. (2006). The cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity and polyphenolic content of some herbal teas. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 57(5-6), 292-304.
  • Asghari, B., Mafakheri, S., Zarrabi, M.M., Erdem, S.A., Orhan, I.E., & Bahadori, M.B. (2019). Therapeutic target enzymes inhibitory potential, antioxidant activity, and rosmarinic acid content of Echium amoenum. South African Journal of Botany, 120, 191-197.
  • Balan, K., Ratha, P., Prakash, G., Viswanathamurthi, P., Adisakwattana, S., & Palvannan, T. (2017). Evaluation of in vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory potential of N2O2 schiff base Zn complex. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 10(5), 732-738.
  • Baurin, N., Arnoult, E., Scior, T., Do, Q.T., & Bernard, P. (2002). Preliminary screening of some tropical plants for anti-tyrosinase activity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 82(2-3), 155-158.
  • Bi, X.Y., Lim, J., & Henry, C.J. (2017). Spices in the management of diabetes mellitus. Food Chemistry, 217, 281-293.
  • Binzet, R. (2011). Pollen morphology of some Onosma species (Boraginaceae) from Turkey. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 43(2), 731-741.
  • Choi, I.S., Cha, H.S., & Lee, Y.S. (2014). Physicochemical and antioxidant properties of black garlic. Molecules, 19(10), 16811-16823.
  • Chokki, M., Cudalbeanu, M., Zongo, C., Dah-Nouvlessounon, D., Ghinea, I.O., Furdui, B., Raclea, R., Savadogo, A., Moussa, L., Avamescu, S.M., Dinica, R.M., & Moussa, F. (2020). Exploring Antioxidant and Enzymes (a-Amylase and b-Glucosidase) Inhibitory activity of Morinda lucida and Momordica charantia leaves from Benin. Foods, 9(4), 434.
  • Cittan, M., & Çelik, A. (2018). Development and validation of an analytical methodology based on Liquid Chromatography–Electrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of phenolic compounds in olive leaf extract. Journal of Chromatographic Science, 56(4), 336-343.
  • Crespo, M.I., Chaban, M.F., Lanza, P.A., Joray, M.B., Palacios, S.M., Vera, D.M.A., & Carpinella, M.C. (2019). Inhibitory effects of compounds isolated from Lepechinia meyenii on tyrosinase. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 125, 383-391.
  • de la Torre, J.C. (2004). Is Alzheimer's disease a neurodegenerative or a vascular disorder? Data, dogma, and dialectics. The Lancet Neurology, 3(3), 184-190.
  • Fattahifar, E., Barzegar, M., Gavlighi, H.A., & Sahari, M.A. (2018). Evaluation of the inhibitory effect of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) green hull aqueous extract on mushroom tyrosinase activity and its application as a button mushroom postharvest anti-browning agent. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 145, 157-165.
  • Ferri, C.P., Ames, D., & Dementia Res, G. (2004). Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in developing countries. International Psychogeriatrics, 16(4), 441-459.
  • Genç, H., Kalin, R., Köksal, Z., Sadeghian, N., Kocyigit, U.M., Zengin, M., Gülçin, İ., & Özdemir, H. (2016). Discovery of potent carbonic anhydrase and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: 2-aminoindan β-lactam derivatives. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 17(10), 1736.
  • Georgy, G.S., & Maher, O.W. (2017). Ellagic acid and rosmarinic acid attenuate doxorubicin-induced testicular injury in rats. Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, 31(9), e21937.
  • Guo, C., Shan, Y.X., Yang, Z.Q., Zhang, L.Y., Ling, W., Liang, Y., Ouyang, Z.G., Zhong, B.L., & Zhang, J. (2020). Chemical composition, antioxidant, antibacterial, and tyrosinase inhibition activity of extracts from Newhall navel orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck cv. Newhall) peel. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 100(6), 2664-2674.
  • Istifli, E.S. (2021). Chemical composition, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of Onosma bourgaei and Onosma trachytricha and in silico molecular docking analysis of dominant compounds. Molecules, 26(10), 2981.
  • Kameswararao, B., Kesavulu, M.M., & Apparao, C. (2003). Evaluation of antidiabetic effect of Momordica cymbalaria fruit in alloxan-diabetic rats. Fitoterapia, 74(1-2), 7-13.
  • King, H., Aubert, R.E., & Herman, W.H. (1998). Global burden of diabetes, 1995-2025 - Prevalence, numerical estimates, and projections. Diabetes Care, 21(9), 1414-1431.
  • Kumar, N., Kumar, R., & Kishore, K. (2013). Onosma L.: A review of phytochemistry and ethnopharmacology. Pharmacognosy Reviews, 7(14), 140.
  • Lei, S.Y., Wu, S.L., Wang, G.Z., Li, B., Liu, B., & Lei, X. (2021). Pinoresinol diglucoside attenuates neuroinflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress in a mice model with Alzheimer's disease. Neuroreport, 32(3), 259-267.
  • Lin, L.Z., Dong, Y., Zhao, H.F., Wen, L.R., Yang, B., & Zhao, M.M. (2011). Comparative evaluation of rosmarinic acid, methyl rosmarinate and pedalitin isolated from Rabdosia serra (MAXIM.) HARA as inhibitors of tyrosinase and alpha-glucosidase. Food Chemistry, 129(3), 884-889.
  • Liu, S.W., Yu, J.C., Guo, S., Fang, H.L., & Chang, X.D. (2020a). Inhibition of pancreatic alpha-amylase by Lonicera caerulea berry polyphenols in vitro and their potential as hyperglycemic agents. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 126, 109288.
  • Liu, X.C., Wang, Y.H., Zhang, J.C., Yang, L.L., Liu, S.Q., Taha, A.A., Wang, J., & Ma, C. (2020b). Subcritical water extraction of phenolic antioxidants with improved alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities from exocarps of Castanea mollissima Blume. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 158, 104747.
  • McCue, P.P., & Shetty, K. (2004). Inhibitory effects of rosmarinic acid extracts on porcine pancreatic amylase in vitro. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 13(1), 101-106.
  • Mehrabian, A.-R., Sheidai, M., Noormohammadi, Z., Mozafarian, V., & Asrei, Y. (2012). Palynological diversity in the genus Onosma L.(Boraginaceae) of Iran. Annals of Biological Research, 3(8), 3885-3893.
  • Ozer, M.S., Kirkan, B., Sarikurkcu, C., Cengiz, M., Ceylan, O., Atilgan, N., & Tepe, B. (2018). Onosma heterophyllum: Phenolic composition, enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activities. Industrial Crops and Products, 111, 179-184.
  • Pavlenko-Badnaoui, M., Protska, V., Burda, N., Zhuravel, I., & Kuznetsova, V. (2021). The study of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of raw materials of Heliopsis helianthoides (1.) sweet. Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, 34(1), 28-33.
  • Pillaiyar, T., Manickam, M., & Namasivayam, V. (2017). Skin whitening agents: medicinal chemistry perspective of tyrosinase inhibitors. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 32(1), 403-425.
  • Prince, M., Comas-Herrera, A., Knapp, M., Guerchet, M., & Karagiannidou, M. (2016). World Alzheimer report 2016: improving healthcare for people living with dementia: coverage, quality and costs now and in the future., 2021, from https://www.alzint.org/u/WorldAlzheimerReport2016.pdf
  • Rampa, A., Piazzi, L., Belluti, F., Gobbi, S., Bisi, A., Bartolini, M., Andrisano, V., Cavrini, V., Cavalli, A., & Recanatini, M. (2001). Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: SAR and kinetic studies on ω-[N-methyl-N-(3-alkylcarbamoyloxyphenyl) methyl] aminoalkoxyaryl derivatives. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 44(23), 3810-3820.
  • Salamatullah, A.M., Uslu, N., Ozcan, M.M., Alkaltham, M.S., & Hayat, K. (2021). The effect of oven drying on bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity, and phenolic compounds of white and red-skinned onion slices. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 45(2), e15173.
  • Samah, N.A., Mahmood, M.R., & Muhamad, S. (2017). The role of nanotechnology application in antioxidant from herbs and spices for improving health and nutrition: A review. Selangor Science & Technology Review, 1(1), 13-17.
  • Sarikurkcu, C., Sahinler, S.S., Ceylan, O., & Tepe, B. (2020a). Onosma ambigens: Phytochemical composition, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activity. Industrial Crops and Products, 154, 112651.
  • Sarikurkcu, C., Sahinler, S.S., Ceylan, O., & Tepe, B. (2020b). Onosma pulchra: Phytochemical composition, antioxidant, skin-whitening and anti-diabetic activity. Industrial Crops and Products, 154, 112632.
  • Sarikurkcu, C., Sahinler, S.S., Husunet, M.T., Istifli, E.S., & Tepe, B. (2020c). Two endemic Onosma species (O. sieheana and O. stenoloba): A comparative study including docking data on biological activity and phenolic composition. Industrial Crops and Products, 154, 112656.
  • Sarikurkcu, C., Sahinler, S.S., & Tepe, B. (2020d). Onosma aucheriana, O. frutescens, and O. sericea: Phytochemical profiling and biological activity. Industrial Crops and Products, 154, 112633.
  • Sasaki, K., & Yoshizaki, F. (2002). Nobiletin as a tyrosinase inhibitor from the peel of Citrus fruit. Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 25(6), 806-808.
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LC-MS/MS analyses and biological activities of Onosma sintenisii and O. mutabile

Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 112 - 124, 10.03.2022

Abstract

This study was aimed to investigate the chemical compositions, in vitro antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of methanol extracts from O. sintenisii and O. mutabile. Spectrophotometric analyzes showed that the total phenolic and flavonoid content of O. mutabile was higher than O. sintenisii. Findings from the chromatographic analyzes also confirmed the spectrophotometric analyses. It was determined that O. mutabile contains high levels of apigenin 7-glucoside and rosmarinic acid. O. mutabile extract exhibited higher activity in all of the antioxidant activity tests. O. sintenisii exhibited higher inhibitory activity on other enzymes except for α-amylase. It was understood that there was a close relationship between the antioxidant activities of the extracts and their chemical compositions. However, it was concluded that more detailed tests should be done to determine the phytochemicals responsible for the enzyme inhibitory activities of the extracts in question.

References

  • Agunloye, O.M., Oboh, G., Ademiluyi, A.O., Ademosun, A.O., Akindahunsi, A.A., Oyagbemi, A.A., Omobowale, T.O., Ajibade, T.O., & Adedapo, A.A. (2019). Cardio-protective and antioxidant properties of caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid: Mechanistic role of angiotensin converting enzyme, cholinesterase and arginase activities in cyclosporine induced hypertensive rats. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 109, 450-458.
  • Akcin, O.E. (2007). Nutlets micromorphology of some Onosoma L. (Boraginaceae) species from Turkey. Biologia, 62(6), 684-689.
  • Almansour, A.I., Arumugam, N., Kumar, R.S., Kotresha, D., Manohar, T.S., & Venketesh, S. (2020). Design, synthesis and cholinesterase inhibitory activity of novel spiropyrrolidine tethered imidazole heterocyclic hybrids. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 30(2), 126789.
  • Apak, R., Güçlü, K., Özyürek, M., Esin Karademir, S., & Erçaǧ, E. (2006). The cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity and polyphenolic content of some herbal teas. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 57(5-6), 292-304.
  • Asghari, B., Mafakheri, S., Zarrabi, M.M., Erdem, S.A., Orhan, I.E., & Bahadori, M.B. (2019). Therapeutic target enzymes inhibitory potential, antioxidant activity, and rosmarinic acid content of Echium amoenum. South African Journal of Botany, 120, 191-197.
  • Balan, K., Ratha, P., Prakash, G., Viswanathamurthi, P., Adisakwattana, S., & Palvannan, T. (2017). Evaluation of in vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory potential of N2O2 schiff base Zn complex. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 10(5), 732-738.
  • Baurin, N., Arnoult, E., Scior, T., Do, Q.T., & Bernard, P. (2002). Preliminary screening of some tropical plants for anti-tyrosinase activity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 82(2-3), 155-158.
  • Bi, X.Y., Lim, J., & Henry, C.J. (2017). Spices in the management of diabetes mellitus. Food Chemistry, 217, 281-293.
  • Binzet, R. (2011). Pollen morphology of some Onosma species (Boraginaceae) from Turkey. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 43(2), 731-741.
  • Choi, I.S., Cha, H.S., & Lee, Y.S. (2014). Physicochemical and antioxidant properties of black garlic. Molecules, 19(10), 16811-16823.
  • Chokki, M., Cudalbeanu, M., Zongo, C., Dah-Nouvlessounon, D., Ghinea, I.O., Furdui, B., Raclea, R., Savadogo, A., Moussa, L., Avamescu, S.M., Dinica, R.M., & Moussa, F. (2020). Exploring Antioxidant and Enzymes (a-Amylase and b-Glucosidase) Inhibitory activity of Morinda lucida and Momordica charantia leaves from Benin. Foods, 9(4), 434.
  • Cittan, M., & Çelik, A. (2018). Development and validation of an analytical methodology based on Liquid Chromatography–Electrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of phenolic compounds in olive leaf extract. Journal of Chromatographic Science, 56(4), 336-343.
  • Crespo, M.I., Chaban, M.F., Lanza, P.A., Joray, M.B., Palacios, S.M., Vera, D.M.A., & Carpinella, M.C. (2019). Inhibitory effects of compounds isolated from Lepechinia meyenii on tyrosinase. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 125, 383-391.
  • de la Torre, J.C. (2004). Is Alzheimer's disease a neurodegenerative or a vascular disorder? Data, dogma, and dialectics. The Lancet Neurology, 3(3), 184-190.
  • Fattahifar, E., Barzegar, M., Gavlighi, H.A., & Sahari, M.A. (2018). Evaluation of the inhibitory effect of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) green hull aqueous extract on mushroom tyrosinase activity and its application as a button mushroom postharvest anti-browning agent. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 145, 157-165.
  • Ferri, C.P., Ames, D., & Dementia Res, G. (2004). Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in developing countries. International Psychogeriatrics, 16(4), 441-459.
  • Genç, H., Kalin, R., Köksal, Z., Sadeghian, N., Kocyigit, U.M., Zengin, M., Gülçin, İ., & Özdemir, H. (2016). Discovery of potent carbonic anhydrase and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: 2-aminoindan β-lactam derivatives. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 17(10), 1736.
  • Georgy, G.S., & Maher, O.W. (2017). Ellagic acid and rosmarinic acid attenuate doxorubicin-induced testicular injury in rats. Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, 31(9), e21937.
  • Guo, C., Shan, Y.X., Yang, Z.Q., Zhang, L.Y., Ling, W., Liang, Y., Ouyang, Z.G., Zhong, B.L., & Zhang, J. (2020). Chemical composition, antioxidant, antibacterial, and tyrosinase inhibition activity of extracts from Newhall navel orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck cv. Newhall) peel. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 100(6), 2664-2674.
  • Istifli, E.S. (2021). Chemical composition, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of Onosma bourgaei and Onosma trachytricha and in silico molecular docking analysis of dominant compounds. Molecules, 26(10), 2981.
  • Kameswararao, B., Kesavulu, M.M., & Apparao, C. (2003). Evaluation of antidiabetic effect of Momordica cymbalaria fruit in alloxan-diabetic rats. Fitoterapia, 74(1-2), 7-13.
  • King, H., Aubert, R.E., & Herman, W.H. (1998). Global burden of diabetes, 1995-2025 - Prevalence, numerical estimates, and projections. Diabetes Care, 21(9), 1414-1431.
  • Kumar, N., Kumar, R., & Kishore, K. (2013). Onosma L.: A review of phytochemistry and ethnopharmacology. Pharmacognosy Reviews, 7(14), 140.
  • Lei, S.Y., Wu, S.L., Wang, G.Z., Li, B., Liu, B., & Lei, X. (2021). Pinoresinol diglucoside attenuates neuroinflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress in a mice model with Alzheimer's disease. Neuroreport, 32(3), 259-267.
  • Lin, L.Z., Dong, Y., Zhao, H.F., Wen, L.R., Yang, B., & Zhao, M.M. (2011). Comparative evaluation of rosmarinic acid, methyl rosmarinate and pedalitin isolated from Rabdosia serra (MAXIM.) HARA as inhibitors of tyrosinase and alpha-glucosidase. Food Chemistry, 129(3), 884-889.
  • Liu, S.W., Yu, J.C., Guo, S., Fang, H.L., & Chang, X.D. (2020a). Inhibition of pancreatic alpha-amylase by Lonicera caerulea berry polyphenols in vitro and their potential as hyperglycemic agents. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 126, 109288.
  • Liu, X.C., Wang, Y.H., Zhang, J.C., Yang, L.L., Liu, S.Q., Taha, A.A., Wang, J., & Ma, C. (2020b). Subcritical water extraction of phenolic antioxidants with improved alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities from exocarps of Castanea mollissima Blume. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 158, 104747.
  • McCue, P.P., & Shetty, K. (2004). Inhibitory effects of rosmarinic acid extracts on porcine pancreatic amylase in vitro. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 13(1), 101-106.
  • Mehrabian, A.-R., Sheidai, M., Noormohammadi, Z., Mozafarian, V., & Asrei, Y. (2012). Palynological diversity in the genus Onosma L.(Boraginaceae) of Iran. Annals of Biological Research, 3(8), 3885-3893.
  • Ozer, M.S., Kirkan, B., Sarikurkcu, C., Cengiz, M., Ceylan, O., Atilgan, N., & Tepe, B. (2018). Onosma heterophyllum: Phenolic composition, enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activities. Industrial Crops and Products, 111, 179-184.
  • Pavlenko-Badnaoui, M., Protska, V., Burda, N., Zhuravel, I., & Kuznetsova, V. (2021). The study of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of raw materials of Heliopsis helianthoides (1.) sweet. Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, 34(1), 28-33.
  • Pillaiyar, T., Manickam, M., & Namasivayam, V. (2017). Skin whitening agents: medicinal chemistry perspective of tyrosinase inhibitors. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 32(1), 403-425.
  • Prince, M., Comas-Herrera, A., Knapp, M., Guerchet, M., & Karagiannidou, M. (2016). World Alzheimer report 2016: improving healthcare for people living with dementia: coverage, quality and costs now and in the future., 2021, from https://www.alzint.org/u/WorldAlzheimerReport2016.pdf
  • Rampa, A., Piazzi, L., Belluti, F., Gobbi, S., Bisi, A., Bartolini, M., Andrisano, V., Cavrini, V., Cavalli, A., & Recanatini, M. (2001). Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: SAR and kinetic studies on ω-[N-methyl-N-(3-alkylcarbamoyloxyphenyl) methyl] aminoalkoxyaryl derivatives. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 44(23), 3810-3820.
  • Salamatullah, A.M., Uslu, N., Ozcan, M.M., Alkaltham, M.S., & Hayat, K. (2021). The effect of oven drying on bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity, and phenolic compounds of white and red-skinned onion slices. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 45(2), e15173.
  • Samah, N.A., Mahmood, M.R., & Muhamad, S. (2017). The role of nanotechnology application in antioxidant from herbs and spices for improving health and nutrition: A review. Selangor Science & Technology Review, 1(1), 13-17.
  • Sarikurkcu, C., Sahinler, S.S., Ceylan, O., & Tepe, B. (2020a). Onosma ambigens: Phytochemical composition, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activity. Industrial Crops and Products, 154, 112651.
  • Sarikurkcu, C., Sahinler, S.S., Ceylan, O., & Tepe, B. (2020b). Onosma pulchra: Phytochemical composition, antioxidant, skin-whitening and anti-diabetic activity. Industrial Crops and Products, 154, 112632.
  • Sarikurkcu, C., Sahinler, S.S., Husunet, M.T., Istifli, E.S., & Tepe, B. (2020c). Two endemic Onosma species (O. sieheana and O. stenoloba): A comparative study including docking data on biological activity and phenolic composition. Industrial Crops and Products, 154, 112656.
  • Sarikurkcu, C., Sahinler, S.S., & Tepe, B. (2020d). Onosma aucheriana, O. frutescens, and O. sericea: Phytochemical profiling and biological activity. Industrial Crops and Products, 154, 112633.
  • Sasaki, K., & Yoshizaki, F. (2002). Nobiletin as a tyrosinase inhibitor from the peel of Citrus fruit. Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 25(6), 806-808.
  • Selkoe, D.J. (1996). Amyloid β-protein and the genetics of Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 271(31), 18295-18298.
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There are 57 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Mehmet Sabih Ozer 0000-0002-3139-2938

Kemal Erdem Şencan This is me 0000-0002-4981-7682

Cengiz Sarıkürkcü 0000-0001-5094-2520

Bektas Tepe 0000-0001-8982-5188

Publication Date March 10, 2022
Submission Date November 30, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 9 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Ozer, M. S., Şencan, K. E., Sarıkürkcü, C., Tepe, B. (2022). LC-MS/MS analyses and biological activities of Onosma sintenisii and O. mutabile. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite, 9(1), 112-124.
International Journal of Secondary Metabolite

e-ISSN: 2148-6905