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Research Article
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Year 2016, Volume: 2 Issue: 3, 960 - 979, 01.07.2016
https://doi.org/10.24289/ijsser.279039

Abstract

References

  • Ainsworth, M., Beegle, K. and Nyamete, A. (1996). "The impact of women’s schooling on fertility and contraceptive use: A study of fourteen Sub-Saharan African countries". The World Bank Economic Review, 10(1), pp. 85–122.
  • Barro, R. J. (1992). "Human Capital and Economic Growth". pp. 199-216. https://www.kansascityfed.org/publicat/sympos/1992/s92barro.pdf
  • Barro, R. J., (1996). "Determinants of Economic Growth: A Cross-Country Empirical Study," NBER Working Papers 5698.
  • Barro, R. J., (2001). "Human Capital and Growth". American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 91(2), pages 12-17, May.
  • Barro, R. J., (2013). "Education and Economic Growth," Annals of Economics and Finance, Society for AEF, vol. 14(2), pp. 301-328.
  • Barro, R. J. and Lee, J-W. (2010), "A new data set of educational attainment in the World, 1950-2010", NBER Working Paper 15902.
  • Barro, R.J. and Sala-i-Martin, (2003). Economic Growth. Second Edition, New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Becker, G.S., (1962), "Investment in Human Capital: A Theoretical Analysis". Journal of Political Economy, 70(5): pp.9-19.
  • Blaug, M., (1976). "The Empirical Status of Human Capital Theory: A Slightly Jaundiced Survey". Journal of Economic Literature, 14(3): 827-55.
  • Bloom, D. Canning, D. and Chan, K., (2006), "Higher Education and Economic Development in Africa", Human Development Sector Africa Region. http://ent.arp. harvard.edu/ AfricaHigherEducation/Reports/BloomAndCanning.pdf
  • Bollen, K.A. and Brand, J.E (2010). "A general panel model with random and fixed effects: A structural equations approach", NIH Public Access. Soc Forces. 2010 September; 89(1): 1-34. doi:10.1353/sof.2010.0072.
  • Bourdieu, P., (1985). "The forms of capital". In JG Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education, pp.241–258. NewYork: Greenwood.
  • Coleman, J.S., (1988a). "Social capital in the creation of human capital". Am. J. Social, 94: 95-121.
  • Coleman, J.S., (1988b). "The creation and destruction of social capital: implications for the law". Notre Dame J. Law, Ethics, Public Policy, 3: 375-404.
  • Gyimah-Brempong, K., Paddison, O. and Mitiku, W. (2006). "Higher Education and Economic Growth in Africa". Journal of Development Studies, Vol. 42, No. 3, pp. 509–529.
  • Hanushek, E. A. and Dennis D. K. (2000). "Schooling, Labor-Force Quality, and the Growth of Nations", American Economic Review, Vol: 90, No: 5, pp. 1184-1208.
  • Hadri, K. (2000), "Testing for stationarity in heterogeneous panel data", Econometrics Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 3(2), pages 148-161.
  • Herz, B. and Sperling, G.B., (2004). "What Works in Girls’ Education: Evidence and Policies From the Developing World". Council on Foreign Relations.
  • Hill M. A., and King E., (1995). "Women's education and economic well-being". Feminist Economics, vol. 1, issue 2, pages 21-46
  • Hurlin, C. and Mignon, V. (2006), "Une Synthèse des Tests de Racine Unitaire sur Données de Panel", Économie et Prévision, Minefi - Direction de la prévision 169, pp. 253-294. <halshs-00078770>
  • Im, K.S., Pesaran, M.H. et Shin, Y. (2003), "Testing for Unit Roots in Heterogeneous Panels", Journal of Econometrics, Vol. 115, pp. 53-74.
  • Jenkins, H., (1995), "Education and Production in the United Kingdom". Economics Discussion Paper No 101, Nuffield College, Oxford University.
  • Kiker, B.F., (1966), "The historical roots of the concept of human capital", Journal of Political Economy, 74(5): 481-99.
  • Klasen, S. (2002), "Low schooling for girls, slower growth for all? Cross-country evidence on the effect of gender inequality in education on economic development", The World Bank Economic Review, vol.16, no.3, pp. 345-373.
  • Lawson D., (2008). "Gender and Poverty Analysis of the Ethiopian Household Data (1999-2005)". Government of Ethiopia/World Bank. eScholar ID:89223
  • Levin, A., Lin, C. and Chu, C. S. (2002). "Unit root tests in panel data: asymptotic and finite-sample properties", Journal of Econometrics, No: 108, pp. 1-24.
  • Maddala, G.S. and Wu, S. (1999), "A Comparative Study of Unit Root Tests with Panel Data and a New Simple Test", Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 61, No. 1, pp. 631-652.
  • Mincer, J., (1958), "Investment in human capital and personal income distribution", Journal of Political Economy, 66(4): 281-302.
  • Mincer, J., (1962), "On-the-job training: Costs, returns, and some implications", Journal of Political Economy, 70: 50-79.
  • Moon, H. R. and Perron, B. (2004). "Testing for a Unit Root in Panels with Dynamic Factors". Journal of Econometrics, Vol.122, pp. 81-126.
  • Organization of Islamic Cooperation, (2011), "Human capital accumulation in OIC member countries", OIC Outlook series No: 29, April 2011.
  • Pesaran, H. (2007). "A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross-section dependence". Journal of Applied Econometrics, Vol.22 (2), pp. 265–312.
  • Portes, A., (1998). "Social capital: its origins and applications in modern sociology". Annual Review of Sociology, 24: 1-24.
  • Pritchett, L. (2001). "Where has all the education gone?". The World Bank Economic Review vol. 15(3), pp. 367-391.
  • Pritchett, L. (2006), "Does learning to Add up Add up? The returns to schooling in aggregate data", Chapter 11 in Handbook of the Economics of Education, vol. 1 (eds.) E.A. Hanushek and F. Welch, North-Holland, Amsterdam.
  • Psacharopoulos, G., (1994). "Returns to Investment in Education: A Global Update", World Development, Vol. 22, No 9, pp. 132.5-l 343.
  • Putnam, R.D., (1993). "The prosperous community: social capital and public life". American Prospect, 4(13): 35-42.
  • Quamrul H.A, Weil. D.N. and Wilde J. (2013). "The Effect of Fertility Reduction on Economic Growth". Population and Development Review, The Population Council, Inc., vol. 39(1), pages 97-130, 03.
  • Sandra, L. (2008). "Women Hold Up Half the Sky". Global Economics Paper No: 164.
  • Schultz, T.W., (1961), "Investment in human capital", The American Economic Review, 51(1): 1-17.
  • Schultz, T.W., (1962), "Reflexions on investment in man", Journal of Political Economy, 70(5): 1-8.
  • UN-Women (2013), "Regional Consultation for the Proposed General Recommendation on Women Human Rights in Situations of Conflict and Post Conflict contexts", AMMAN, January 2013, UN WOMEN For Arab States & The Committee on Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW Committee).
  • World Bank, (1999). "World Development Report: Knowledge for Development". Washington DC.
  • World Bank, (2002). "Constructing Knowledge Societies: New Challenges for Tertiary Education", Washington DC.

Impact of women’s education on the economic growth: An empirical analysis applied to Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Egypt

Year 2016, Volume: 2 Issue: 3, 960 - 979, 01.07.2016
https://doi.org/10.24289/ijsser.279039

Abstract

This paper tries to examine if women’s education affects the economic growth. To illustrate this aim, four countries cases have been presented: Morocco, Egypt, Tunisia, and Algeria, named MATE. The motive behind choosing them was because these countries have many common religious and cultural norms and values. The statistical analysis of data over the period 1960-2012 shows that the relationship between fertility rate and different measures of education is negative. Averages literacy rate and labour participation of the female are less than that of male. Two panel models are estimated over the period 2000-2012: a 'general' panel model and a 'gender' panel model. In the first model, the explanatory variables are introduced without gender’s characteristics in order to measure their impact on the economic growth. In the second model, the explanatory variables are introduced in the first model with gender’s distinguishing excluding variables that measure the quality of governance and institutional. The main findings are that women’s education, particularly, tertiary education, women’s labour force participation and institutional capital affect positively economic growth. On the contrary, the primary and secondary school enrolment are negatively linked to the economic growth. This paper concludes that women’s tertiary education is a master-key to economic growth and development accompanied by a healthy and good quality of institutional capital and by eliminating all forms of gender discrimination.

References

  • Ainsworth, M., Beegle, K. and Nyamete, A. (1996). "The impact of women’s schooling on fertility and contraceptive use: A study of fourteen Sub-Saharan African countries". The World Bank Economic Review, 10(1), pp. 85–122.
  • Barro, R. J. (1992). "Human Capital and Economic Growth". pp. 199-216. https://www.kansascityfed.org/publicat/sympos/1992/s92barro.pdf
  • Barro, R. J., (1996). "Determinants of Economic Growth: A Cross-Country Empirical Study," NBER Working Papers 5698.
  • Barro, R. J., (2001). "Human Capital and Growth". American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 91(2), pages 12-17, May.
  • Barro, R. J., (2013). "Education and Economic Growth," Annals of Economics and Finance, Society for AEF, vol. 14(2), pp. 301-328.
  • Barro, R. J. and Lee, J-W. (2010), "A new data set of educational attainment in the World, 1950-2010", NBER Working Paper 15902.
  • Barro, R.J. and Sala-i-Martin, (2003). Economic Growth. Second Edition, New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Becker, G.S., (1962), "Investment in Human Capital: A Theoretical Analysis". Journal of Political Economy, 70(5): pp.9-19.
  • Blaug, M., (1976). "The Empirical Status of Human Capital Theory: A Slightly Jaundiced Survey". Journal of Economic Literature, 14(3): 827-55.
  • Bloom, D. Canning, D. and Chan, K., (2006), "Higher Education and Economic Development in Africa", Human Development Sector Africa Region. http://ent.arp. harvard.edu/ AfricaHigherEducation/Reports/BloomAndCanning.pdf
  • Bollen, K.A. and Brand, J.E (2010). "A general panel model with random and fixed effects: A structural equations approach", NIH Public Access. Soc Forces. 2010 September; 89(1): 1-34. doi:10.1353/sof.2010.0072.
  • Bourdieu, P., (1985). "The forms of capital". In JG Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education, pp.241–258. NewYork: Greenwood.
  • Coleman, J.S., (1988a). "Social capital in the creation of human capital". Am. J. Social, 94: 95-121.
  • Coleman, J.S., (1988b). "The creation and destruction of social capital: implications for the law". Notre Dame J. Law, Ethics, Public Policy, 3: 375-404.
  • Gyimah-Brempong, K., Paddison, O. and Mitiku, W. (2006). "Higher Education and Economic Growth in Africa". Journal of Development Studies, Vol. 42, No. 3, pp. 509–529.
  • Hanushek, E. A. and Dennis D. K. (2000). "Schooling, Labor-Force Quality, and the Growth of Nations", American Economic Review, Vol: 90, No: 5, pp. 1184-1208.
  • Hadri, K. (2000), "Testing for stationarity in heterogeneous panel data", Econometrics Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 3(2), pages 148-161.
  • Herz, B. and Sperling, G.B., (2004). "What Works in Girls’ Education: Evidence and Policies From the Developing World". Council on Foreign Relations.
  • Hill M. A., and King E., (1995). "Women's education and economic well-being". Feminist Economics, vol. 1, issue 2, pages 21-46
  • Hurlin, C. and Mignon, V. (2006), "Une Synthèse des Tests de Racine Unitaire sur Données de Panel", Économie et Prévision, Minefi - Direction de la prévision 169, pp. 253-294. <halshs-00078770>
  • Im, K.S., Pesaran, M.H. et Shin, Y. (2003), "Testing for Unit Roots in Heterogeneous Panels", Journal of Econometrics, Vol. 115, pp. 53-74.
  • Jenkins, H., (1995), "Education and Production in the United Kingdom". Economics Discussion Paper No 101, Nuffield College, Oxford University.
  • Kiker, B.F., (1966), "The historical roots of the concept of human capital", Journal of Political Economy, 74(5): 481-99.
  • Klasen, S. (2002), "Low schooling for girls, slower growth for all? Cross-country evidence on the effect of gender inequality in education on economic development", The World Bank Economic Review, vol.16, no.3, pp. 345-373.
  • Lawson D., (2008). "Gender and Poverty Analysis of the Ethiopian Household Data (1999-2005)". Government of Ethiopia/World Bank. eScholar ID:89223
  • Levin, A., Lin, C. and Chu, C. S. (2002). "Unit root tests in panel data: asymptotic and finite-sample properties", Journal of Econometrics, No: 108, pp. 1-24.
  • Maddala, G.S. and Wu, S. (1999), "A Comparative Study of Unit Root Tests with Panel Data and a New Simple Test", Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 61, No. 1, pp. 631-652.
  • Mincer, J., (1958), "Investment in human capital and personal income distribution", Journal of Political Economy, 66(4): 281-302.
  • Mincer, J., (1962), "On-the-job training: Costs, returns, and some implications", Journal of Political Economy, 70: 50-79.
  • Moon, H. R. and Perron, B. (2004). "Testing for a Unit Root in Panels with Dynamic Factors". Journal of Econometrics, Vol.122, pp. 81-126.
  • Organization of Islamic Cooperation, (2011), "Human capital accumulation in OIC member countries", OIC Outlook series No: 29, April 2011.
  • Pesaran, H. (2007). "A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross-section dependence". Journal of Applied Econometrics, Vol.22 (2), pp. 265–312.
  • Portes, A., (1998). "Social capital: its origins and applications in modern sociology". Annual Review of Sociology, 24: 1-24.
  • Pritchett, L. (2001). "Where has all the education gone?". The World Bank Economic Review vol. 15(3), pp. 367-391.
  • Pritchett, L. (2006), "Does learning to Add up Add up? The returns to schooling in aggregate data", Chapter 11 in Handbook of the Economics of Education, vol. 1 (eds.) E.A. Hanushek and F. Welch, North-Holland, Amsterdam.
  • Psacharopoulos, G., (1994). "Returns to Investment in Education: A Global Update", World Development, Vol. 22, No 9, pp. 132.5-l 343.
  • Putnam, R.D., (1993). "The prosperous community: social capital and public life". American Prospect, 4(13): 35-42.
  • Quamrul H.A, Weil. D.N. and Wilde J. (2013). "The Effect of Fertility Reduction on Economic Growth". Population and Development Review, The Population Council, Inc., vol. 39(1), pages 97-130, 03.
  • Sandra, L. (2008). "Women Hold Up Half the Sky". Global Economics Paper No: 164.
  • Schultz, T.W., (1961), "Investment in human capital", The American Economic Review, 51(1): 1-17.
  • Schultz, T.W., (1962), "Reflexions on investment in man", Journal of Political Economy, 70(5): 1-8.
  • UN-Women (2013), "Regional Consultation for the Proposed General Recommendation on Women Human Rights in Situations of Conflict and Post Conflict contexts", AMMAN, January 2013, UN WOMEN For Arab States & The Committee on Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW Committee).
  • World Bank, (1999). "World Development Report: Knowledge for Development". Washington DC.
  • World Bank, (2002). "Constructing Knowledge Societies: New Challenges for Tertiary Education", Washington DC.
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Aicha El Alaoui

Publication Date July 1, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 2 Issue: 3

Cite

APA El Alaoui, A. (2016). Impact of women’s education on the economic growth: An empirical analysis applied to Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Egypt. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, 2(3), 960-979. https://doi.org/10.24289/ijsser.279039
AMA El Alaoui A. Impact of women’s education on the economic growth: An empirical analysis applied to Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Egypt. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research. April 2016;2(3):960-979. doi:10.24289/ijsser.279039
Chicago El Alaoui, Aicha. “Impact of women’s Education on the Economic Growth: An Empirical Analysis Applied to Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Egypt”. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research 2, no. 3 (April 2016): 960-79. https://doi.org/10.24289/ijsser.279039.
EndNote El Alaoui A (April 1, 2016) Impact of women’s education on the economic growth: An empirical analysis applied to Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Egypt. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research 2 3 960–979.
IEEE A. El Alaoui, “Impact of women’s education on the economic growth: An empirical analysis applied to Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Egypt”, International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 960–979, 2016, doi: 10.24289/ijsser.279039.
ISNAD El Alaoui, Aicha. “Impact of women’s Education on the Economic Growth: An Empirical Analysis Applied to Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Egypt”. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research 2/3 (April 2016), 960-979. https://doi.org/10.24289/ijsser.279039.
JAMA El Alaoui A. Impact of women’s education on the economic growth: An empirical analysis applied to Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Egypt. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research. 2016;2:960–979.
MLA El Alaoui, Aicha. “Impact of women’s Education on the Economic Growth: An Empirical Analysis Applied to Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Egypt”. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, vol. 2, no. 3, 2016, pp. 960-79, doi:10.24289/ijsser.279039.
Vancouver El Alaoui A. Impact of women’s education on the economic growth: An empirical analysis applied to Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Egypt. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research. 2016;2(3):960-79.