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Dünyada Hemşirelik Eğitiminin Başlaması: İlk Hemşirelik Okulları

Year 2021, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 15 - 22, 31.01.2021

Abstract

İnsan gereksinimlerinden doğan hemşireliğin ortaya çıkışı mesleki eğitiminin geliştiği, hemşirelik okullarının kurulduğu, 19. yüzyılın ilk yarısından sonraki dönemdir. Hemşirelik eğitiminin başlamasında; savaşlar, Protestan reformu, endüstri devrimi, küreselleşme ve kolonizasyon hareketleri, misyonerlik faaliyetleri, din, ekonomi, ülkelerin gelişmişlik düzeyleri, değişen sağlık bakım gereksinimleri, sosyal farkındalık, kadın hakları gibi durumlar etkili olmuştur. Bugünün hemşireliğini anlamak, geliştirmek ve geleceğe hazırlamak için geçmişini, onu etkileyen tarihsel olayları, sosyolojik faktörleri, eğitimindeki gelişmeleri anlamak son derece önemlidir. Bu derlemede Dünya’da bazı ülkelerde hemşirelik mesleğinin gelişiminde yol açan ilk hemşirelik okulları ve kurulma süreçleri kronolojik sırayla incelenmiştir.

References

  • 1. Dewit SC. Fundamental Concepts and Skills for Nursing, W.B. Saundes Company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; 2001. 2-5.
  • 2. Koizer B, Erb G, Berman A, Snyder S. Nursing Education Research and Evidence-Based Practice. Fundametals Of Nursing, 8th. ed., Pearson Education Ltd, New Jersey; 2008. 26-30p.
  • 3. Şentürk SA. Hemşirelik Tarihi, Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri; İstanbul, 2011. 61-97.
  • 4. Gören ŞY, Yalım NY. Hemşirelik tarihinde bir öncü “Safiye Hüseyin Elbi”. Lokman Hekim Dergisi. 2016; 6(2): 38-45.
  • 5. McAllister MA, Madsen WB, Godden JC, Greenhill JD, Rachel R. Teaching Nursing‟s History: A National Survey of Australian Schools of Nursing, 2007–2008. Nurse Education Today. 2010; 30: 370-375.
  • 6. Koenig H, King D, Carson VB. Handbook of Religion and Health, Oup Usa; 2012. 28-29.
  • 7. Yıldırım, N. Savaşlardan Modern Hastanelere Türkiye’de Hemşirelik Tarihi. İstanbul: Vehbi Koç Vakfı; 2014; 1: 309-318.
  • 8. Egenes KJ. History of Nursing. Jones and Bartlett Publishers. LLC. Not. For Sale Or Distribution Chapter; 2011. 1-22.
  • 9. Sheikh K, Asha G, Health providers in India: on the frontlines of change. Routledge; 2012. 43-44.
  • 10. Çavdar İ, Özbaş A. İmparatorlukta Hemşirelik Uygulamaları. Florence Nightingale Hakkında Düşünceler, Akyolcu N, Anğ Ö , Editör, Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri; 2016. 55-75
  • 11. Evolution of Nursing Education in India. Available from: https://www.nursingpath.in/2013/04/evolution-of-nursing-education-in-india.html
  • 12. Kumar TD, Ezhilarasu P. Growth Of Nursıng In Indıa: Historical and Future Perspectives. Healthy India Chronicle (HIC) August 9; 2017. Available from: https://healthyindiachronicle.in/shri-t-dileep-kumarpresident- indian-nursing-council-growth-nursing-india/
  • 13. Nursing and Midwifery India. Available from: http:// nursingandmidwifery.gov.in/nursinghistory.htlm.
  • 14. Thévoz ML. Schools of nursing in Switzerland. The American Journal of Nursing. 1927; 915-918.
  • 15. Nadot M. The world's first secular autonomous nursing school against the power of the churches, Nursing Inquiry, Jun. 2010; 17(2):118- 27,
  • 16. DeLaune S, Ladner P. Fundamentals of Nursing. Nelson Education; 2010. 5p.
  • 17. Eren N, Uyer G. Sağlık Meslek Tarihi ve Ahlakı, Çağ Matbaası, Hatipoğlu Yayınevi, Ankara; 1987. 53-64.
  • 18. Kelly J. Editorial: What has Florence Nightingale ever done for clinical nurses? J Clin Nurs. 2013; 21: 2397-8.
  • 19. Bayık Temel A, Öztürk Dönmez R. Florence Nightingale'in Emosyonel Zekası. (edt. Çağatay Üstün) Tıp ve Hemşirelik Tarihi Açısından Florence Nightingale'in Önemi. Ege Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Ayın Kitapları Serisi; 2020. 53-84.
  • 20. Råholm MB, Birte Larsen Hedegaard BL, Löfmark A, Slettebø A. Nursing education in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden from Bachelor’s Degree to PhD. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2010; 66(9):2126–2137.
  • 21. Ernits Ü, Puusepp K, Kont KR, Tulva, T. Development Of Estonıan Nursıng Professıon And Nurses'traınıng: Hıstorıcal, Polıtıcal And Socıal Perspectıves. Professional Studies: Theory & Practice/Profesines Studijos: Teorija İr Praktika; 2019. 5(20): 9-27.
  • 22. Potter PA, Perry AG, Fundametals of Nursing Concepts Process and Practice, CV the Mosby Company St. Louis; 1997. 248p.
  • 23. Klainberg M. Chapter 2: An Historical Overview of Nursing; 2013. 21-40p.
  • 24. Tuncer T. Türkiye’de Hemşirelik Mesleği ve Eğitim Süreci, Yüksek Lisans Tezi. İstanbul; Beykent Üniversitesi; 2013. 95p.
  • 25. Egenes KJ. History of nursing. Issues and trends in nursing: Essential knowledge for today and tomorrow; 2017. 1-26p.
  • 26. Collen Bradley-Sanders. Bellevue School of Nursing NYU Health Sciences Library Medical Archives.1942.Available from: https://archives. med.nyu.edu/collections/bellevue-school-nursing
  • 27. A Timeline of Nursing Education September 6, 2016. Available from: https://www.americansentinel.edu/blog/2016/09/06/a-timeline-ofnursing-education/
  • 28. O Dolamo BL, Olubiyi SK. Nursing education in Africa: South Africa, Nigeria, and Ethiopia experiences. International Journal of Nursing and Midwifery. 2013; 5(2): 14-21.
  • 29. Herdman EA, Australian Nursing: Past, Present and Future, Hemşirelikte Eğitim ve Araştırma Dergisi. 2008; 5 (2): 3-4.
  • 30. Willetts G. The Henry Parkes Oration 2015 From Nightingale Nurses to a Modern Profession: The Journey of Nursing in Australia; 2015. Available from: https://parkesfoundation.files.wordpress.com/2015/09/ hporation2015.pdf.
  • 31. Smith SL. Japanese American Midwives: Culture, Community, and Health Politics, 1880-1950, University of Illinois Press; 2010: 21-22.
  • 32. Nightingale F. Florence Nightingale: Collected Works of Florence Nightingale, Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press; 2009: 570-572.
  • 33. Primomo J. Nursing Around the World: Japan - Preparing for the Century of the Elderly. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. 2000; 5(2) Available from: www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContent s / Volume52000/No2May00/JapanElderlyCentury.aspx.
  • 34. Hisama KK. Florence Nightingale's influence on the development and professionalization of modern nursing in Japan. Nursing Outlook. 1996; 6(44): 284-288.
  • 35. Mei-che PS, Guo Y. Nursing Ethics in Modern China: Conflicting Values and Competing Role Requirements, 2005. 229-23p.
  • 36. Yuhong J. Shaping modern nursing development in China before 1949. International Journal of Nursing Sciences. 2017; 4(1): 19-23.
  • 37. Lapeyre J, Nelson S, Elisabeth Crowell and Visiting Nurse Education in Europe, 1917-1925, Rockefeller Archive Center; 2011. 401p
  • 38. Diebolt É. Hamilton A. (1864-1935), The Excellence of Nursing. Rech Soins Infirm; 2017; 131: 85-100.
  • 39. Schultheiss K. Bodies and Souls: Politics and the professionalization of nursing in France, 1880-1922. Harvard University Press, 2001. 139p
  • 40. Hoerni B. Les premières écoles d’infirmières à Bordeaux au début du XXème siècle. Socıété Françaıse D’hıstoıre De La Médecıne. 2018; 52: 441.
  • 41. Tsoucalas G, Kousoulis A, Karamanou M, Tsoucalas I, Androutsos G. The first official schools for nursing education in Greece: over a century of tradition, Vesalius. 2011;17(2):102-7.
  • 42. Popova K, Angelova M. The History of social work in Bulgaria 1900 – 1960, The History of Social Work in Eastern Europe 1900 – 1960 Research Report - Bulgaria – Final Report. 2005. Available from: http://www.sweep.uni siegen.de/content/ Results/Final_Reports_PDFs/Bulgariafinalreport.Pdf.
  • 43. Sheikh JI, Badr KF, Kamei RK, Arayssi T. Three global adaptations of the American medical education model. Innovations in Global Medical and Health Education. 2013; 1: 3.
  • 44. Pioneer Nursing Hospitals &Schools In The Philippines. 2020. Available from: https://www.scribd.com/doc/15885553/Pioneer- Nursing-Schools-and-Colleges-in-the-Philippines.
  • 45. Kashani FS. Conceiving Citizens: Women and the Politics of Motherhood in Iran, Oxford University Press on Demand; 2011. 103- 104p.
  • 46. Yar-Shater E. The history of medicine in Iran, Bibliotheca Persica; 2004. 136p.
  • 47. Horn H, Holzemer WL. Characteristics of Israeli women studying nursing compared to women studying education and engineering. Journal of Nursing Education. 1991. 30(9), 411-418. 48. Patricia D'Antonio, Nursing History Review: Official Journal of the American Association for the History of Nursing. 2005. 13:134-135.
  • 49. Çapa, M. Kızılay (Hilal’i Ahmer) Cemiyeti. (1914-1925). Türkiye Kızılay Derneği Yayınları; Pulat Matbaası 1 Baskı Ankara. 2009. 71p
  • 50. Terzioğlu A. Kırım Harbi Esnasında Osmanlı Hastaneleri ve Dünya Hastaneciliğine Etkileri. Tarih ve Toplum. 1991; 15(85): 39-46.
  • 51. Sarı N, Özaydın Z, Türk Hemşireliğine Osmanlı Hanımefendileri’nin ve Hilal-i Ahmer (Kızılay)’ın Desteği, Sendrom. 1992; 4(3): 66-78.
  • 52. Sarı N, Özaydın Z. Osmanlı Devletinde Sağlık ve Sosyal Cemiyetler ve Hemşirelik, Osmanlı Devletinde Sağlık Hizmetleri Sempozyumu Kitabı, Sağlık Bakanlığı, Ankara, 2000. 233-248p
  • 53. Atabay M, İşcen Y. Safiye Hüseyin Elbi; Hemşirelik değil, çevirmenlik yapmıştı, Çanakkale 1915, Timaş Yayınları; 2013. 28-35p.
  • 54. Saltık A. Cumhuriyet Dönemi Sağlık Hizmetlerinin Tarihçesi, Bilim ve Ütopya, 1998.19-20p.
  • 55. Bradshaw M, Lowenstein JA, Publishers B. Innovative Teaching Strategies in Nursing and Related Health Professions, Jones & Bartlett Learning. 2016. 485-486 p.
  • 56. Aljohanı KAS. Nursing Education in Saudi Arabia: History and Development. Cureus; 2020. 12.4p.
  • 57. Tumulty G. Professional development of nursing in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Nursing Scholarship. 2001; 33(3): 285-290.

Beginning of Nursing Education in the World: The First Nursing Schools

Year 2021, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 15 - 22, 31.01.2021

Abstract

The profession of nursing, which arises out of human needs, emerges after the first half of the 19th century when vocational education was developed, and nursing schools were established. Wars, Protestant reform, the industrial revolution, globalization and colonization movements, missionary activities, religion, economy, development levels of countries, changing healthcare needs, social awareness, and women's rights are among those events and factors which led to the emergence of nursing education. To understand, develop, and prepare today’s nursing practice for the future, it is essential to comprehend historical events, sociological factors, and recent changes in nursing education. In this review, the first nursing schools, which have a very important place in the development of the nursing profession, and their establishment processes are examined in a chronological order.

References

  • 1. Dewit SC. Fundamental Concepts and Skills for Nursing, W.B. Saundes Company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; 2001. 2-5.
  • 2. Koizer B, Erb G, Berman A, Snyder S. Nursing Education Research and Evidence-Based Practice. Fundametals Of Nursing, 8th. ed., Pearson Education Ltd, New Jersey; 2008. 26-30p.
  • 3. Şentürk SA. Hemşirelik Tarihi, Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri; İstanbul, 2011. 61-97.
  • 4. Gören ŞY, Yalım NY. Hemşirelik tarihinde bir öncü “Safiye Hüseyin Elbi”. Lokman Hekim Dergisi. 2016; 6(2): 38-45.
  • 5. McAllister MA, Madsen WB, Godden JC, Greenhill JD, Rachel R. Teaching Nursing‟s History: A National Survey of Australian Schools of Nursing, 2007–2008. Nurse Education Today. 2010; 30: 370-375.
  • 6. Koenig H, King D, Carson VB. Handbook of Religion and Health, Oup Usa; 2012. 28-29.
  • 7. Yıldırım, N. Savaşlardan Modern Hastanelere Türkiye’de Hemşirelik Tarihi. İstanbul: Vehbi Koç Vakfı; 2014; 1: 309-318.
  • 8. Egenes KJ. History of Nursing. Jones and Bartlett Publishers. LLC. Not. For Sale Or Distribution Chapter; 2011. 1-22.
  • 9. Sheikh K, Asha G, Health providers in India: on the frontlines of change. Routledge; 2012. 43-44.
  • 10. Çavdar İ, Özbaş A. İmparatorlukta Hemşirelik Uygulamaları. Florence Nightingale Hakkında Düşünceler, Akyolcu N, Anğ Ö , Editör, Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri; 2016. 55-75
  • 11. Evolution of Nursing Education in India. Available from: https://www.nursingpath.in/2013/04/evolution-of-nursing-education-in-india.html
  • 12. Kumar TD, Ezhilarasu P. Growth Of Nursıng In Indıa: Historical and Future Perspectives. Healthy India Chronicle (HIC) August 9; 2017. Available from: https://healthyindiachronicle.in/shri-t-dileep-kumarpresident- indian-nursing-council-growth-nursing-india/
  • 13. Nursing and Midwifery India. Available from: http:// nursingandmidwifery.gov.in/nursinghistory.htlm.
  • 14. Thévoz ML. Schools of nursing in Switzerland. The American Journal of Nursing. 1927; 915-918.
  • 15. Nadot M. The world's first secular autonomous nursing school against the power of the churches, Nursing Inquiry, Jun. 2010; 17(2):118- 27,
  • 16. DeLaune S, Ladner P. Fundamentals of Nursing. Nelson Education; 2010. 5p.
  • 17. Eren N, Uyer G. Sağlık Meslek Tarihi ve Ahlakı, Çağ Matbaası, Hatipoğlu Yayınevi, Ankara; 1987. 53-64.
  • 18. Kelly J. Editorial: What has Florence Nightingale ever done for clinical nurses? J Clin Nurs. 2013; 21: 2397-8.
  • 19. Bayık Temel A, Öztürk Dönmez R. Florence Nightingale'in Emosyonel Zekası. (edt. Çağatay Üstün) Tıp ve Hemşirelik Tarihi Açısından Florence Nightingale'in Önemi. Ege Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Ayın Kitapları Serisi; 2020. 53-84.
  • 20. Råholm MB, Birte Larsen Hedegaard BL, Löfmark A, Slettebø A. Nursing education in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden from Bachelor’s Degree to PhD. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2010; 66(9):2126–2137.
  • 21. Ernits Ü, Puusepp K, Kont KR, Tulva, T. Development Of Estonıan Nursıng Professıon And Nurses'traınıng: Hıstorıcal, Polıtıcal And Socıal Perspectıves. Professional Studies: Theory & Practice/Profesines Studijos: Teorija İr Praktika; 2019. 5(20): 9-27.
  • 22. Potter PA, Perry AG, Fundametals of Nursing Concepts Process and Practice, CV the Mosby Company St. Louis; 1997. 248p.
  • 23. Klainberg M. Chapter 2: An Historical Overview of Nursing; 2013. 21-40p.
  • 24. Tuncer T. Türkiye’de Hemşirelik Mesleği ve Eğitim Süreci, Yüksek Lisans Tezi. İstanbul; Beykent Üniversitesi; 2013. 95p.
  • 25. Egenes KJ. History of nursing. Issues and trends in nursing: Essential knowledge for today and tomorrow; 2017. 1-26p.
  • 26. Collen Bradley-Sanders. Bellevue School of Nursing NYU Health Sciences Library Medical Archives.1942.Available from: https://archives. med.nyu.edu/collections/bellevue-school-nursing
  • 27. A Timeline of Nursing Education September 6, 2016. Available from: https://www.americansentinel.edu/blog/2016/09/06/a-timeline-ofnursing-education/
  • 28. O Dolamo BL, Olubiyi SK. Nursing education in Africa: South Africa, Nigeria, and Ethiopia experiences. International Journal of Nursing and Midwifery. 2013; 5(2): 14-21.
  • 29. Herdman EA, Australian Nursing: Past, Present and Future, Hemşirelikte Eğitim ve Araştırma Dergisi. 2008; 5 (2): 3-4.
  • 30. Willetts G. The Henry Parkes Oration 2015 From Nightingale Nurses to a Modern Profession: The Journey of Nursing in Australia; 2015. Available from: https://parkesfoundation.files.wordpress.com/2015/09/ hporation2015.pdf.
  • 31. Smith SL. Japanese American Midwives: Culture, Community, and Health Politics, 1880-1950, University of Illinois Press; 2010: 21-22.
  • 32. Nightingale F. Florence Nightingale: Collected Works of Florence Nightingale, Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press; 2009: 570-572.
  • 33. Primomo J. Nursing Around the World: Japan - Preparing for the Century of the Elderly. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. 2000; 5(2) Available from: www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContent s / Volume52000/No2May00/JapanElderlyCentury.aspx.
  • 34. Hisama KK. Florence Nightingale's influence on the development and professionalization of modern nursing in Japan. Nursing Outlook. 1996; 6(44): 284-288.
  • 35. Mei-che PS, Guo Y. Nursing Ethics in Modern China: Conflicting Values and Competing Role Requirements, 2005. 229-23p.
  • 36. Yuhong J. Shaping modern nursing development in China before 1949. International Journal of Nursing Sciences. 2017; 4(1): 19-23.
  • 37. Lapeyre J, Nelson S, Elisabeth Crowell and Visiting Nurse Education in Europe, 1917-1925, Rockefeller Archive Center; 2011. 401p
  • 38. Diebolt É. Hamilton A. (1864-1935), The Excellence of Nursing. Rech Soins Infirm; 2017; 131: 85-100.
  • 39. Schultheiss K. Bodies and Souls: Politics and the professionalization of nursing in France, 1880-1922. Harvard University Press, 2001. 139p
  • 40. Hoerni B. Les premières écoles d’infirmières à Bordeaux au début du XXème siècle. Socıété Françaıse D’hıstoıre De La Médecıne. 2018; 52: 441.
  • 41. Tsoucalas G, Kousoulis A, Karamanou M, Tsoucalas I, Androutsos G. The first official schools for nursing education in Greece: over a century of tradition, Vesalius. 2011;17(2):102-7.
  • 42. Popova K, Angelova M. The History of social work in Bulgaria 1900 – 1960, The History of Social Work in Eastern Europe 1900 – 1960 Research Report - Bulgaria – Final Report. 2005. Available from: http://www.sweep.uni siegen.de/content/ Results/Final_Reports_PDFs/Bulgariafinalreport.Pdf.
  • 43. Sheikh JI, Badr KF, Kamei RK, Arayssi T. Three global adaptations of the American medical education model. Innovations in Global Medical and Health Education. 2013; 1: 3.
  • 44. Pioneer Nursing Hospitals &Schools In The Philippines. 2020. Available from: https://www.scribd.com/doc/15885553/Pioneer- Nursing-Schools-and-Colleges-in-the-Philippines.
  • 45. Kashani FS. Conceiving Citizens: Women and the Politics of Motherhood in Iran, Oxford University Press on Demand; 2011. 103- 104p.
  • 46. Yar-Shater E. The history of medicine in Iran, Bibliotheca Persica; 2004. 136p.
  • 47. Horn H, Holzemer WL. Characteristics of Israeli women studying nursing compared to women studying education and engineering. Journal of Nursing Education. 1991. 30(9), 411-418. 48. Patricia D'Antonio, Nursing History Review: Official Journal of the American Association for the History of Nursing. 2005. 13:134-135.
  • 49. Çapa, M. Kızılay (Hilal’i Ahmer) Cemiyeti. (1914-1925). Türkiye Kızılay Derneği Yayınları; Pulat Matbaası 1 Baskı Ankara. 2009. 71p
  • 50. Terzioğlu A. Kırım Harbi Esnasında Osmanlı Hastaneleri ve Dünya Hastaneciliğine Etkileri. Tarih ve Toplum. 1991; 15(85): 39-46.
  • 51. Sarı N, Özaydın Z, Türk Hemşireliğine Osmanlı Hanımefendileri’nin ve Hilal-i Ahmer (Kızılay)’ın Desteği, Sendrom. 1992; 4(3): 66-78.
  • 52. Sarı N, Özaydın Z. Osmanlı Devletinde Sağlık ve Sosyal Cemiyetler ve Hemşirelik, Osmanlı Devletinde Sağlık Hizmetleri Sempozyumu Kitabı, Sağlık Bakanlığı, Ankara, 2000. 233-248p
  • 53. Atabay M, İşcen Y. Safiye Hüseyin Elbi; Hemşirelik değil, çevirmenlik yapmıştı, Çanakkale 1915, Timaş Yayınları; 2013. 28-35p.
  • 54. Saltık A. Cumhuriyet Dönemi Sağlık Hizmetlerinin Tarihçesi, Bilim ve Ütopya, 1998.19-20p.
  • 55. Bradshaw M, Lowenstein JA, Publishers B. Innovative Teaching Strategies in Nursing and Related Health Professions, Jones & Bartlett Learning. 2016. 485-486 p.
  • 56. Aljohanı KAS. Nursing Education in Saudi Arabia: History and Development. Cureus; 2020. 12.4p.
  • 57. Tumulty G. Professional development of nursing in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Nursing Scholarship. 2001; 33(3): 285-290.
There are 56 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Davetli Derleme
Authors

Feyza Dereli 0000-0002-9066-4884

Ayla Bayık Temel 0000-0001-8727-3279

Publication Date January 31, 2021
Submission Date January 8, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Dereli, F., & Bayık Temel, A. (2021). Dünyada Hemşirelik Eğitiminin Başlaması: İlk Hemşirelik Okulları. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(1), 15-22.
AMA Dereli F, Bayık Temel A. Dünyada Hemşirelik Eğitiminin Başlaması: İlk Hemşirelik Okulları. İKÇÜSBFD. January 2021;6(1):15-22.
Chicago Dereli, Feyza, and Ayla Bayık Temel. “Dünyada Hemşirelik Eğitiminin Başlaması: İlk Hemşirelik Okulları”. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 6, no. 1 (January 2021): 15-22.
EndNote Dereli F, Bayık Temel A (January 1, 2021) Dünyada Hemşirelik Eğitiminin Başlaması: İlk Hemşirelik Okulları. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 6 1 15–22.
IEEE F. Dereli and A. Bayık Temel, “Dünyada Hemşirelik Eğitiminin Başlaması: İlk Hemşirelik Okulları”, İKÇÜSBFD, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 15–22, 2021.
ISNAD Dereli, Feyza - Bayık Temel, Ayla. “Dünyada Hemşirelik Eğitiminin Başlaması: İlk Hemşirelik Okulları”. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 6/1 (January 2021), 15-22.
JAMA Dereli F, Bayık Temel A. Dünyada Hemşirelik Eğitiminin Başlaması: İlk Hemşirelik Okulları. İKÇÜSBFD. 2021;6:15–22.
MLA Dereli, Feyza and Ayla Bayık Temel. “Dünyada Hemşirelik Eğitiminin Başlaması: İlk Hemşirelik Okulları”. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 6, no. 1, 2021, pp. 15-22.
Vancouver Dereli F, Bayık Temel A. Dünyada Hemşirelik Eğitiminin Başlaması: İlk Hemşirelik Okulları. İKÇÜSBFD. 2021;6(1):15-22.



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