Research Article
The reciprocal longitudinal relationship between career maturity and goal consciousness in Korean adolescents
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to verify the reciprocal longitudinal relationship between career maturity and goal consciousness in Korean adolescents. To achieve this purpose, the longitudinal data of students who were sixth graders in 2012, ninth graders in 2015, and twelfth graders in 2018 were analyzed using an autoregressive cross-lagged model. The results of the analysis are as follows: First, previous career maturity and goal consciousness in adolescents have a continuing effect on subsequent career maturity and goal consciousness. Second, the career maturity significantly influenced the goal consciousness of later adolescents. Third, the goal consciousness significantly influenced subsequent career maturity. This study confirmed the mutual longitudinal effects of the autoregressive cross-lagged model among adolescent career maturity goal consciousness. The results of this study confirmed that career maturity and goal consciousness have a reciprocal longitudinal relationship. These results suggest that career education is needed from the early stage of adolescence.
Keywords
Career maturity goal consciousness autoregressive cross-lagged model Korean adolescents Seoul education longitudinal study
References
- Ames, C. (1992). Classrooms: Goals, structures, and student motivation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 84(3), 261-271. Austin, J. T., & Vancouver, J. B. (1996). Goal constructs in psychology: Structure, process, and content. Psychological Bulletin, 120(3), 338-375. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.120.3.338 Baek, S., & Chung, H. (2017). Differential association of self-esteem, achievement goal and self-directed learning ability with career maturity in students of middle school using regression mixture modeling. Journal of Learner-Centered Curriculum and Instruction, 17(7), 305-330. Bang, H. W., & Cho, G. P. (2017). The differences of career self-efficacy, career maturity, and career preparation behavior according to achievement goal orientation level of university students. Journal of Learner-Centered Curriculum and Instruction, 17(13), 157-181 Cheng, C., & Park, Y. (2018). Exploring longitudinal changes in life-goal directedness of adolescents: Focusing on student- and school-level predictors and career maturity outcome, Korean Education Inquiry, 36(4), 97-122. Choe, Y. N. (2014). Analysis of the relationships between the technical college students' goal perception and their college life adaptation (Unpublished master's thesis). Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea. Chung, Y., & Lee, E. (2016). Latent profiles of self-determined motivations and life goals: Differences in career maturity, college adjustment, and academic achievement. Journal of Educational Studies, 47(4), 187-208. Crites, J. O. (1961). A model for the measurement of vocational maturity. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 8(3), 255-259. Elliot, A. J. (2006). The hierarchical model of approach-avoidance motivation. Motivation and Emotion, 30(2), 111-116. Gray, J. R., & Braver, T. S. (2002). Integration of emotion and cognitive control: A neurocomputational hypothesis of dynamic goal regulation. In S. C. Moore & M. Oaksford (Eds.), Advances in Consciousness Research, Vol. 44. Emotional cognition: From brain to behaviour (pp. 289-316). Amsterdam, Netherlands: John Benjamins Publishing Company. doi:10.1075/aicr.44.12gra Han, J. (2015). Influence of parenting attitudes in adolescents on life satisfaction and mediating effects of life goals (Unpublished master's thesis). Woosuk University, Wanju, Korea. Harris, C., Daniels, K., & Briner, R. (2003). A diary study of goals and affective well-being at work. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 76, 401 - 410. doi: 10.1348/096317903769647256. Jeon, H., & Chung, H. (2018). An analysis of the relationship between career maturity, school and student variables of middle school students. Studies on Korean Youth, 29(3), 213-240. Jung, C. Y., Jeong, J., Lee, J., Jeong, D., Lim, H., Lee, S., & Lim, J. (2015). Career education in South Korea: Current status and future direction. The Journal of Career Education Research, 28(3), 155-171. Kang, W., & Ahn, G. Y. R. (2010). The effect of achievement motives, internal work value, and career barrier on high school students' career attitude maturity and career preparation behavior. Korean Journal of Health Psychology, 15(1), 161-175. Keum, J. (2012). The casual relationship between school adjustment career maturity, socio-economic status and parent’s attachment of elementary school students. Studies on Korean Youth, 23(3), 5-26. Kim, D. U., & Sohn, W. S. (2014). The mediation effect of achievement goal orientation on the relationship between future-oriented goal and career maturity development/academic achievement. The Journal of Elementary Education, 27(3), 1-26. Kim, H., & Yang, S. (2012). The effect of high school and students' characteristics on career maturity in Seoul: Using multi-level model. The Journal of Vocational Education Research, 31(1), 57-74. Kim, M. (2018). Effect of university students' future-oriented goals on career self-regulation: The mediating effect of perceived task instrumentality. The Journal of Career Education Research, 31(2),51-68 Kim, M. J. (2013). The mediating effects of goal instability and life goals in the relationship, between parenting attitudes and adolescents’ problem behaviors (Unpublished master's thesis). Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea. Kwak, B. (2013). Direction and task of career education of new government to develop dream and talent. Vocational & Human Resource Development, 16(2), 2-5 Kwak, S. (2018). The effects of future goal consciousness in adolescence on personal competence and happiness in early adulthood. Journal of Korean Education, 45(4), 5-34, Lee, H. (2018). An analysis of factors influencing career maturity of high school students: Comparison by grade and between types of high school using Gyeonggi Education Panel Study (GEPS) (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Myongji University, Seoul, Korea. Lee, H. J., Kwon, H. K., & Shin, T. S. (2013). Developmental trajectories of peer relation and self-concepts and their effects on future goal perception and career maturity: A focus on gender differences. The Korean Journal of Educational Psychology, 27(1), 99-123. Lee, H. R. (2011). (The) relationship of self-efficacy and goal-orientation to career maturity of elementary students by gender (Unpublished master's thesis). Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea. Lee, I., Lee, S., & Jung, J. (2012). The longitudinal relationship between self-directed learning ability and career maturity using autoregressive cross-lagged modeling by middle and high school students in Seoul. Journal of Academic Conference of Seoul Education Research & Information Institute, 2, 367-386. Lee, Y. W. (2013). Difference of career attitude maturity depending on achievement goal orientation type of 6th graders of elementary school (Unpublished master's thesis). Gyeongin National University of Education, Incheon, Korea. Lim, H. J., & Choi, S. Y. (2016). The effects of emotional intelligence and achievement goal orientation on career maturity of the elementary scientific gifted students. Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education, 35(3), 316-325. Lim, J. S., Oh, Y. P., & Yang, C. H. (2016). Effects of university student players’ achievement goal orientations on career maturity and career exploratory behaviors, The Korean Journal of Sport, 14(3), 55-65. Lim, K. Y. (2016). Study of career decision making self-efficacy difference, career decision level by life goal types- focus on specialized high school students (Unpublished master's thesis). Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea. Moon, B. S. (2013). A longitudinal study of the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic future goals perception on an achievement goal orientation. The Korean Journal of Educational Psychology, 27(1), 35-50 Moran, S. (2009). Purpose: Giftedness in intrapersonal intelligence. High Ability Studies, 20, 143-159. Nam, J., & Kim, J. C. (2018). Categorization of potential classes and rsearch on predictive factors for career maturity of adolescence delinquency. Journal of Academic Conference of Seoul Education Research & Information Institute, 4, 337-370. National Institute of Korean Language (2019). Standard Korean Dictionary. Retrieved from https://stdict.korean.go.kr Nurmi, J. E., Salmela-Aro, K., & Koivisto, P. (2002). Goal importance and related achievement beliefs and emotions during the transition from vocational school to work: Antecedents and consequences. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 60(2), 241-261. doi: 10.1006/jvbe.2001.1866 Park, H. S., & Jun, M. N. (2014). Relationships between self-esteem and career maturation of students attending elementary middle high school in Seoul. Korean Education Inquiry, 32(2), 59-83 Park, Y., & Cheng, C. (2018). Analysis of predictive factors and roles of longitudinal changes in life goal orientation in adolescent career development. Journal of Academic Conference of Seoul Education Research & Information Institute, 4, 95-120. Sahu, V. R., Thakur, N. S., & Agrawal, U. (2017). Role of emotional intelligence in career maturity of adolescence. Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing, 8(1), 92.-94. Savickas, M. L. (1999). The transition from school to work: A developmental perspective. The Career Development Quarterly, 47(4), 326-336. Seon, H., Lim, H., Han, J., & Kim, J. (2012). The effect of career education experience and parent support on career maturity of elementary and middle school students. Journal of Academic Conference of Seoul Education Research & Information Institute, 2, 72-90. Seong, N. H. (2014). The relationship between achievement goal orientation and career maturity, Korean Journal of Sports Science, 23(4), 69-80. Seoul Education Research & Information Institute (2014). 4th user manual of Seoul Education Longitudinal Study (SELS) 2010. Retrieved from http://www.serii.re.kr Shin, S. H. (2018). The developmental trajectories on career maturity of college students in Korea (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea. Statistics Korea, Ministry of Gender Equality and Family (2019), 2019 adolescent statistics. Retrieved from http://kostat.go.kr Super, D. E. (1961). Some unresolved issues in vocational development research. Personnel and Guidance Journal, 40(1), 11-15.
Abstract
References
- Ames, C. (1992). Classrooms: Goals, structures, and student motivation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 84(3), 261-271. Austin, J. T., & Vancouver, J. B. (1996). Goal constructs in psychology: Structure, process, and content. Psychological Bulletin, 120(3), 338-375. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.120.3.338 Baek, S., & Chung, H. (2017). Differential association of self-esteem, achievement goal and self-directed learning ability with career maturity in students of middle school using regression mixture modeling. Journal of Learner-Centered Curriculum and Instruction, 17(7), 305-330. Bang, H. W., & Cho, G. P. (2017). The differences of career self-efficacy, career maturity, and career preparation behavior according to achievement goal orientation level of university students. Journal of Learner-Centered Curriculum and Instruction, 17(13), 157-181 Cheng, C., & Park, Y. (2018). Exploring longitudinal changes in life-goal directedness of adolescents: Focusing on student- and school-level predictors and career maturity outcome, Korean Education Inquiry, 36(4), 97-122. Choe, Y. N. (2014). Analysis of the relationships between the technical college students' goal perception and their college life adaptation (Unpublished master's thesis). Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea. Chung, Y., & Lee, E. (2016). Latent profiles of self-determined motivations and life goals: Differences in career maturity, college adjustment, and academic achievement. Journal of Educational Studies, 47(4), 187-208. Crites, J. O. (1961). A model for the measurement of vocational maturity. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 8(3), 255-259. Elliot, A. J. (2006). The hierarchical model of approach-avoidance motivation. Motivation and Emotion, 30(2), 111-116. Gray, J. R., & Braver, T. S. (2002). Integration of emotion and cognitive control: A neurocomputational hypothesis of dynamic goal regulation. In S. C. Moore & M. Oaksford (Eds.), Advances in Consciousness Research, Vol. 44. Emotional cognition: From brain to behaviour (pp. 289-316). Amsterdam, Netherlands: John Benjamins Publishing Company. doi:10.1075/aicr.44.12gra Han, J. (2015). Influence of parenting attitudes in adolescents on life satisfaction and mediating effects of life goals (Unpublished master's thesis). Woosuk University, Wanju, Korea. Harris, C., Daniels, K., & Briner, R. (2003). A diary study of goals and affective well-being at work. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 76, 401 - 410. doi: 10.1348/096317903769647256. Jeon, H., & Chung, H. (2018). An analysis of the relationship between career maturity, school and student variables of middle school students. Studies on Korean Youth, 29(3), 213-240. Jung, C. Y., Jeong, J., Lee, J., Jeong, D., Lim, H., Lee, S., & Lim, J. (2015). Career education in South Korea: Current status and future direction. The Journal of Career Education Research, 28(3), 155-171. Kang, W., & Ahn, G. Y. R. (2010). The effect of achievement motives, internal work value, and career barrier on high school students' career attitude maturity and career preparation behavior. Korean Journal of Health Psychology, 15(1), 161-175. Keum, J. (2012). The casual relationship between school adjustment career maturity, socio-economic status and parent’s attachment of elementary school students. Studies on Korean Youth, 23(3), 5-26. Kim, D. U., & Sohn, W. S. (2014). The mediation effect of achievement goal orientation on the relationship between future-oriented goal and career maturity development/academic achievement. The Journal of Elementary Education, 27(3), 1-26. Kim, H., & Yang, S. (2012). The effect of high school and students' characteristics on career maturity in Seoul: Using multi-level model. The Journal of Vocational Education Research, 31(1), 57-74. Kim, M. (2018). Effect of university students' future-oriented goals on career self-regulation: The mediating effect of perceived task instrumentality. The Journal of Career Education Research, 31(2),51-68 Kim, M. J. (2013). The mediating effects of goal instability and life goals in the relationship, between parenting attitudes and adolescents’ problem behaviors (Unpublished master's thesis). Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea. Kwak, B. (2013). Direction and task of career education of new government to develop dream and talent. Vocational & Human Resource Development, 16(2), 2-5 Kwak, S. (2018). The effects of future goal consciousness in adolescence on personal competence and happiness in early adulthood. Journal of Korean Education, 45(4), 5-34, Lee, H. (2018). An analysis of factors influencing career maturity of high school students: Comparison by grade and between types of high school using Gyeonggi Education Panel Study (GEPS) (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Myongji University, Seoul, Korea. Lee, H. J., Kwon, H. K., & Shin, T. S. (2013). Developmental trajectories of peer relation and self-concepts and their effects on future goal perception and career maturity: A focus on gender differences. The Korean Journal of Educational Psychology, 27(1), 99-123. Lee, H. R. (2011). (The) relationship of self-efficacy and goal-orientation to career maturity of elementary students by gender (Unpublished master's thesis). Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea. Lee, I., Lee, S., & Jung, J. (2012). The longitudinal relationship between self-directed learning ability and career maturity using autoregressive cross-lagged modeling by middle and high school students in Seoul. Journal of Academic Conference of Seoul Education Research & Information Institute, 2, 367-386. Lee, Y. W. (2013). Difference of career attitude maturity depending on achievement goal orientation type of 6th graders of elementary school (Unpublished master's thesis). Gyeongin National University of Education, Incheon, Korea. Lim, H. J., & Choi, S. Y. (2016). The effects of emotional intelligence and achievement goal orientation on career maturity of the elementary scientific gifted students. Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education, 35(3), 316-325. Lim, J. S., Oh, Y. P., & Yang, C. H. (2016). Effects of university student players’ achievement goal orientations on career maturity and career exploratory behaviors, The Korean Journal of Sport, 14(3), 55-65. Lim, K. Y. (2016). Study of career decision making self-efficacy difference, career decision level by life goal types- focus on specialized high school students (Unpublished master's thesis). Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea. Moon, B. S. (2013). A longitudinal study of the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic future goals perception on an achievement goal orientation. The Korean Journal of Educational Psychology, 27(1), 35-50 Moran, S. (2009). Purpose: Giftedness in intrapersonal intelligence. High Ability Studies, 20, 143-159. Nam, J., & Kim, J. C. (2018). Categorization of potential classes and rsearch on predictive factors for career maturity of adolescence delinquency. Journal of Academic Conference of Seoul Education Research & Information Institute, 4, 337-370. National Institute of Korean Language (2019). Standard Korean Dictionary. Retrieved from https://stdict.korean.go.kr Nurmi, J. E., Salmela-Aro, K., & Koivisto, P. (2002). Goal importance and related achievement beliefs and emotions during the transition from vocational school to work: Antecedents and consequences. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 60(2), 241-261. doi: 10.1006/jvbe.2001.1866 Park, H. S., & Jun, M. N. (2014). Relationships between self-esteem and career maturation of students attending elementary middle high school in Seoul. Korean Education Inquiry, 32(2), 59-83 Park, Y., & Cheng, C. (2018). Analysis of predictive factors and roles of longitudinal changes in life goal orientation in adolescent career development. Journal of Academic Conference of Seoul Education Research & Information Institute, 4, 95-120. Sahu, V. R., Thakur, N. S., & Agrawal, U. (2017). Role of emotional intelligence in career maturity of adolescence. Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing, 8(1), 92.-94. Savickas, M. L. (1999). The transition from school to work: A developmental perspective. The Career Development Quarterly, 47(4), 326-336. Seon, H., Lim, H., Han, J., & Kim, J. (2012). The effect of career education experience and parent support on career maturity of elementary and middle school students. Journal of Academic Conference of Seoul Education Research & Information Institute, 2, 72-90. Seong, N. H. (2014). The relationship between achievement goal orientation and career maturity, Korean Journal of Sports Science, 23(4), 69-80. Seoul Education Research & Information Institute (2014). 4th user manual of Seoul Education Longitudinal Study (SELS) 2010. Retrieved from http://www.serii.re.kr Shin, S. H. (2018). The developmental trajectories on career maturity of college students in Korea (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea. Statistics Korea, Ministry of Gender Equality and Family (2019), 2019 adolescent statistics. Retrieved from http://kostat.go.kr Super, D. E. (1961). Some unresolved issues in vocational development research. Personnel and Guidance Journal, 40(1), 11-15.
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