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THE IMPACT OF FOREIGN NGO-S ON FOSTERING ENGLISH AS THE OPPORTUNITY LANGUAGE - CHALLENGES AND TRENDS AMONG YOUNG ADULTS

Year 2022, , 631 - 650, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.53791/imgelem.1173202

Abstract

In the last decade, many studies have focused their attention on the status of English in different countries, world English(es), and the usage of English. Nevertheless, none of the study was conducted in Kosovar context in the Balkan’s, although the position of English in Kosovo is extremely important. Therefore, this paper aims to review other studies and to shed light on the abovementioned issue by discussing and reflecting on national, historical, social, political, educational, cultural, and economic issues that contribute to the use of English language in everyday Kosovar lives. Taking into consideration historical points of views, the English-speaking counties’ impact in Kosovo’s independence, the high level of penetration of English loanwords, and Kosovars’ aspiration to accept and integrate these loanwords, it can be understood the high regard for English language among Albanian/Kosovar society which has also affected the everyday communication and lexis in different fields which is evident in different group ages, especially young adults. However, educational factors play the most important part in English learning. The institutional support in enhancing pedagogical practices, continuous teacher training programs, provision of desired books, native teacher mobility are considered to be the main factors that contribute to authentic English language acquisition.

References

  • Bache, Ian and Taylor, Andrew (2003). The Politics of Policy Resistance: Reconstructing Higher Education In Kosovo. Journal of Public Policy, 23 (3):279-300. http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1572/1/bachei1.pdf
  • Belegu-Caka, Vjollca and Caka, Nebi (2011). Teaching of English as a Foreign Language in Technical Disciplines. Mësimi i Anglishtes si Gjuhë e Huaj në Disiplinat Teknike. Aktet- Journal of Institute Alb-Shkenca. IV, 4: 566 – 570.
  • Bekteshi, Edita. (2017). English Language Teaching and the Common European Frame of Reference -A Comparison of ELT in Portugal and in the Republic of Kosovo. ANGLISTICUM. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.0001/(aj).v6i1.1408
  • Bolton, Kingsley 2013. Varieties of World Englishes. Blackwell Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405198431.wbeal1260
  • Bolton, Kingsley and Kuteeva, Maria (2012). English as an Academic Language at a Swedish University: Parallel Language Use And The ‘Threat’ Of English. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 33(5): 429 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2012.670241
  • Caka, Nebi (2006). Huazimet leksikore dhe qëndrimi ndaj tyre. Koha ditore Nr. 3339: Koha për kulturë Nr. 324, Prishtinë, 30 shtator 2006:29.
  • Caka, Nebi (2013). Anglicizmat ne terminologjine teknike. (Anglicisms in Technical Terminology). STUDIME 20- Journal of Philological Studies. Academia Scientiarum Et Artium Kosoviens is Prishtine, 2013:297-306
  • Canaj, Kimete (2020). Language Policy and Language Planning In Kosova. International Journal of Teaching and Education, Vol. VIII (2): 35-52. DOI:10.20472/TE.2020.8.2.003 Coleman, James (2006). English-medium teaching in European Higher Education. Language Teaching, 39(1):1–14. http://oro.open.ac.uk/5189/1/download.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S026144480600320X
  • Communication between Members of the Serb Community and the Albanian Community in Kosovo (2018). The issue of language. Public Opinion Research Center for Social Initiatives in Kosovo. Supported by the UK Embassy in Kosovo http://www.kosovo.iom.int/sites/default/files/SI%20Language%20Report_ALB.pdf
  • Dushku, Silvana (1998). English in Albania:Contact and Covergence. World Englishes, Vol. 17.Nr.3: 369-379.
  • Latawski, Paul. and Martin, A.Smith (2003). The Kosovo Crisis And The Evolution Of Post-Cold War European Security. Manchester University Press.
  • Hoxha, Shpresa, Caka, Ali and Raca-Shala, Arberesha (2009).Terminologjia juridike anglisht-shqip në legjislacionin e kosovës në periudhën 1999-2009. (English-Albanian Juridical Terminology In Kosova’s Legislature During 1999-2009). Conference: Takimi i katërt vjetor ndërkombëtar i Instituit Alb-Shkenca "IASH-2009". Shkup
  • Kachru, B. (1985). Standards, codification and sociolinguistic realism: English language in the outer circle. In R. Quirk and H. Widowson (Eds.), English in the world: Teaching and learning the language and literatures (11-36). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  • Kapo, Pata Irena (2011). English Language Influence in the 21st Century Albanian and English Loans in the Albanian Language. Problems of Education in the 21st Century. Vol.22.
  • Kim, Julie and Steven Woehrel (2008). Kosovo and U.S. Policy: Background to Independence. Congressional Research Service. (CRS) Report for Congress. https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL31053.pdf
  • Kosovo Agency of Statistics (ASK) (2019). Kosovo in Figures 2019. https://ask.rks-gov.net/en/kosovo-agency-of-statistics/general-statistics/kosovo-in-figures
  • Kraus, Peter A. (2005). Democracy, communication and language in Europe’s transnational political space, WZB Discussion Paper, No. SP IV 2005-204, Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung (WZB), Berlin. https://www.econstor.eu/handle/10419/49733
  • Matsuda, Aya (ed.). (2002). Symposium on World Englishes and Teaching English as a Foreign Language. World Englishes, 21(3): 421-55. DOI:10.2307/3588220
  • Matsuda, Aya (2018). Is Teaching English as an International Language All about Being Politically Correct?. RELC Journal. Vol. 49(1): 24–35 https://doi.org/10.1177/0033688217753489
  • Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of Kosovo (MEST) (2018). Korniza e Kurrikulës e Arsimit Parauniversitar. (Pre-University Education Curriculum Framework). https://masht.rks-gov.net/korniza-e-kurrikules-e-arsimit-parauniversitar
  • Munishi, Shkumbin (2013). Ndikimi i anglishtes në terminologjinë e legjislacionit ekonomik.STUDIME 20- Journal of Philological Studies. Academia Scientiarum Et Artium Kosoviensis. Prishtine: 321-334.
  • Munishi, Shkumbin (2010). Planifikimi i statusit të gjuhëve në Kosovë, Pozita e sotme e gjuhës shqipe në Mal të Zi në krahasim me atë në përgjithësi (sesion shkencor i organizuar më 19.12.2010 në Ulqin – Mali i Zi), Art Club, Ulqin, Mali i Zi. http://www.linguasocio.blogspot.com/)
  • Nuhiu,Vesel (2013). Depërtimi dhe përdorimi i elementeve gjuhësore të huaja në gjuhën shqipe.STUDIME 20- Journal of Philological Studies. Academia Scientiarum Et Artium Kosoviensis . Prishtine: 221-225.
  • Nuhiu, Vesel (2008). Shqipja dhe huazimet angleze sot (Albanian Language and English Loanwords Today). Thesis Kosova, nr. 1.
  • Proshina, Zoya (2007). The ABC and Controversies of World Englishes. http://www.ffl.msu.ru/img/pages/File/Proshina/the%20abc.doc
  • Proshina, G. Zoya and Nelson, L. Cecil (2020). Varieties of English and Kachru’s Expanding Circle. Russian Journal of Linguistics 2020 Vol. 24 (3): 523–550. http://journals.rudn.ru/linguistics https://doi.org/10.22363/2687-0088-2020-24-3-523-550
  • Reichelt, Melinda (2006). English in a Multilingual Spain. English Today. 22(03):3 – 9 DOI:10.1017/S0266078406003026
  • Rrapaj, Jonilda and Kolasi, Klevis (2013). The Curious Case of Albanian Nationalism: The Crooked Line from a Scattered Array of Clans to a Nation-State. The Turkish Yearbook of International Relations, Vol. 44: 185 – 228. DOI:10.1501/Intrel_0000000290
  • Saqipi, Blerim, Asunta, Tuula. and Korpinen, Eira (2014). Understanding the context of teacher professionalism in education systems undergoing transition – Kosovo case. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 112: 635 – 646. DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.1211
  • Sejdiu – Rugova, Linditë (2013). The Adaptation of English Verb Borrowings into Albanian. STUDIME 20. Journal of Philological Studies. Academia Scientiarum Et Artium Kosoviensis. Prishtine:281-287.
  • Sejdiu, Sejdi and Alla, Aida (2015). Ndikimi i anglishtes në gjuhën e mediave të Kosovës. The Influence of English on The Language of Kosovo Media. https://dspace.aab-edu.net
  • The Kosovo Report (2000). Conflict, International Response, Lessons Learned, The Independent International Commission On Kosovo. Oxford University Press 2000. Tamo, Daniela (2010). Anglicizmat në gjuhën e dokumenteve zyrtare. Aktet- Journal of Institute Alb-Shkenca. AKTET, Vol. III(4): 561-564.
  • USAID (2015). Udhëzime për zbatimin e drejtë të Ligjit për përdorimin e gjuhëve në institucionet e vetëqeverisjes lokale. Communication for Social Development. http://csdkosovo.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Vodic-o-pravilnoj-primeni-Zakona-o-upotrebi-jezika-ALB.pdf

THE IMPACT OF FOREIGN NGO-S ON FOSTERING ENGLISH AS THE OPPORTUNITY LANGUAGE - CHALLENGES AND TRENDS AMONG YOUNG ADULTS

Year 2022, , 631 - 650, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.53791/imgelem.1173202

Abstract

In the last decade, many studies have focused their attention on the status of English in different countries, world English(es), and the usage of English. Nevertheless, none of the study was conducted in Kosovar context in the Balkan’s, although the position of English in Kosovo is extremely important. Therefore, this paper aims to review other studies and to shed light on the abovementioned issue by discussing and reflecting on national, historical, social, political, educational, cultural, and economic issues that contribute to the use of English language in everyday Kosovar lives. Taking into consideration historical points of views, the English-speaking counties’ impact in Kosovo’s independence, the high level of penetration of English loanwords, and Kosovars’ aspiration to accept and integrate these loanwords, it can be understood the high regard for English language among Albanian/Kosovar society which has also affected the everyday communication and lexis in different fields which is evident in different group ages, especially young adults. However, educational factors play the most important part in English learning. The institutional support in enhancing pedagogical practices, continuous teacher training programs, provision of desired books, native teacher mobility are considered to be the main factors that contribute to authentic English language acquisition.

References

  • Bache, Ian and Taylor, Andrew (2003). The Politics of Policy Resistance: Reconstructing Higher Education In Kosovo. Journal of Public Policy, 23 (3):279-300. http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1572/1/bachei1.pdf
  • Belegu-Caka, Vjollca and Caka, Nebi (2011). Teaching of English as a Foreign Language in Technical Disciplines. Mësimi i Anglishtes si Gjuhë e Huaj në Disiplinat Teknike. Aktet- Journal of Institute Alb-Shkenca. IV, 4: 566 – 570.
  • Bekteshi, Edita. (2017). English Language Teaching and the Common European Frame of Reference -A Comparison of ELT in Portugal and in the Republic of Kosovo. ANGLISTICUM. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.0001/(aj).v6i1.1408
  • Bolton, Kingsley 2013. Varieties of World Englishes. Blackwell Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405198431.wbeal1260
  • Bolton, Kingsley and Kuteeva, Maria (2012). English as an Academic Language at a Swedish University: Parallel Language Use And The ‘Threat’ Of English. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 33(5): 429 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2012.670241
  • Caka, Nebi (2006). Huazimet leksikore dhe qëndrimi ndaj tyre. Koha ditore Nr. 3339: Koha për kulturë Nr. 324, Prishtinë, 30 shtator 2006:29.
  • Caka, Nebi (2013). Anglicizmat ne terminologjine teknike. (Anglicisms in Technical Terminology). STUDIME 20- Journal of Philological Studies. Academia Scientiarum Et Artium Kosoviens is Prishtine, 2013:297-306
  • Canaj, Kimete (2020). Language Policy and Language Planning In Kosova. International Journal of Teaching and Education, Vol. VIII (2): 35-52. DOI:10.20472/TE.2020.8.2.003 Coleman, James (2006). English-medium teaching in European Higher Education. Language Teaching, 39(1):1–14. http://oro.open.ac.uk/5189/1/download.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S026144480600320X
  • Communication between Members of the Serb Community and the Albanian Community in Kosovo (2018). The issue of language. Public Opinion Research Center for Social Initiatives in Kosovo. Supported by the UK Embassy in Kosovo http://www.kosovo.iom.int/sites/default/files/SI%20Language%20Report_ALB.pdf
  • Dushku, Silvana (1998). English in Albania:Contact and Covergence. World Englishes, Vol. 17.Nr.3: 369-379.
  • Latawski, Paul. and Martin, A.Smith (2003). The Kosovo Crisis And The Evolution Of Post-Cold War European Security. Manchester University Press.
  • Hoxha, Shpresa, Caka, Ali and Raca-Shala, Arberesha (2009).Terminologjia juridike anglisht-shqip në legjislacionin e kosovës në periudhën 1999-2009. (English-Albanian Juridical Terminology In Kosova’s Legislature During 1999-2009). Conference: Takimi i katërt vjetor ndërkombëtar i Instituit Alb-Shkenca "IASH-2009". Shkup
  • Kachru, B. (1985). Standards, codification and sociolinguistic realism: English language in the outer circle. In R. Quirk and H. Widowson (Eds.), English in the world: Teaching and learning the language and literatures (11-36). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  • Kapo, Pata Irena (2011). English Language Influence in the 21st Century Albanian and English Loans in the Albanian Language. Problems of Education in the 21st Century. Vol.22.
  • Kim, Julie and Steven Woehrel (2008). Kosovo and U.S. Policy: Background to Independence. Congressional Research Service. (CRS) Report for Congress. https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL31053.pdf
  • Kosovo Agency of Statistics (ASK) (2019). Kosovo in Figures 2019. https://ask.rks-gov.net/en/kosovo-agency-of-statistics/general-statistics/kosovo-in-figures
  • Kraus, Peter A. (2005). Democracy, communication and language in Europe’s transnational political space, WZB Discussion Paper, No. SP IV 2005-204, Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung (WZB), Berlin. https://www.econstor.eu/handle/10419/49733
  • Matsuda, Aya (ed.). (2002). Symposium on World Englishes and Teaching English as a Foreign Language. World Englishes, 21(3): 421-55. DOI:10.2307/3588220
  • Matsuda, Aya (2018). Is Teaching English as an International Language All about Being Politically Correct?. RELC Journal. Vol. 49(1): 24–35 https://doi.org/10.1177/0033688217753489
  • Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of Kosovo (MEST) (2018). Korniza e Kurrikulës e Arsimit Parauniversitar. (Pre-University Education Curriculum Framework). https://masht.rks-gov.net/korniza-e-kurrikules-e-arsimit-parauniversitar
  • Munishi, Shkumbin (2013). Ndikimi i anglishtes në terminologjinë e legjislacionit ekonomik.STUDIME 20- Journal of Philological Studies. Academia Scientiarum Et Artium Kosoviensis. Prishtine: 321-334.
  • Munishi, Shkumbin (2010). Planifikimi i statusit të gjuhëve në Kosovë, Pozita e sotme e gjuhës shqipe në Mal të Zi në krahasim me atë në përgjithësi (sesion shkencor i organizuar më 19.12.2010 në Ulqin – Mali i Zi), Art Club, Ulqin, Mali i Zi. http://www.linguasocio.blogspot.com/)
  • Nuhiu,Vesel (2013). Depërtimi dhe përdorimi i elementeve gjuhësore të huaja në gjuhën shqipe.STUDIME 20- Journal of Philological Studies. Academia Scientiarum Et Artium Kosoviensis . Prishtine: 221-225.
  • Nuhiu, Vesel (2008). Shqipja dhe huazimet angleze sot (Albanian Language and English Loanwords Today). Thesis Kosova, nr. 1.
  • Proshina, Zoya (2007). The ABC and Controversies of World Englishes. http://www.ffl.msu.ru/img/pages/File/Proshina/the%20abc.doc
  • Proshina, G. Zoya and Nelson, L. Cecil (2020). Varieties of English and Kachru’s Expanding Circle. Russian Journal of Linguistics 2020 Vol. 24 (3): 523–550. http://journals.rudn.ru/linguistics https://doi.org/10.22363/2687-0088-2020-24-3-523-550
  • Reichelt, Melinda (2006). English in a Multilingual Spain. English Today. 22(03):3 – 9 DOI:10.1017/S0266078406003026
  • Rrapaj, Jonilda and Kolasi, Klevis (2013). The Curious Case of Albanian Nationalism: The Crooked Line from a Scattered Array of Clans to a Nation-State. The Turkish Yearbook of International Relations, Vol. 44: 185 – 228. DOI:10.1501/Intrel_0000000290
  • Saqipi, Blerim, Asunta, Tuula. and Korpinen, Eira (2014). Understanding the context of teacher professionalism in education systems undergoing transition – Kosovo case. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 112: 635 – 646. DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.1211
  • Sejdiu – Rugova, Linditë (2013). The Adaptation of English Verb Borrowings into Albanian. STUDIME 20. Journal of Philological Studies. Academia Scientiarum Et Artium Kosoviensis. Prishtine:281-287.
  • Sejdiu, Sejdi and Alla, Aida (2015). Ndikimi i anglishtes në gjuhën e mediave të Kosovës. The Influence of English on The Language of Kosovo Media. https://dspace.aab-edu.net
  • The Kosovo Report (2000). Conflict, International Response, Lessons Learned, The Independent International Commission On Kosovo. Oxford University Press 2000. Tamo, Daniela (2010). Anglicizmat në gjuhën e dokumenteve zyrtare. Aktet- Journal of Institute Alb-Shkenca. AKTET, Vol. III(4): 561-564.
  • USAID (2015). Udhëzime për zbatimin e drejtë të Ligjit për përdorimin e gjuhëve në institucionet e vetëqeverisjes lokale. Communication for Social Development. http://csdkosovo.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Vodic-o-pravilnoj-primeni-Zakona-o-upotrebi-jezika-ALB.pdf
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Edita Bekteshi 0000-0002-4384-2932

Publication Date December 31, 2022
Submission Date September 9, 2022
Acceptance Date November 15, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

APA Bekteshi, E. (2022). THE IMPACT OF FOREIGN NGO-S ON FOSTERING ENGLISH AS THE OPPORTUNITY LANGUAGE - CHALLENGES AND TRENDS AMONG YOUNG ADULTS. İmgelem, 6(11), 631-650. https://doi.org/10.53791/imgelem.1173202

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