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YENİ MEDYA EKOSİSTEMİNDE ARAŞTIRMACI GAZETECİLİK VE YURTTAŞ GAZETECİLİĞİ YAKINSAMASI: ARAŞTIRMACI YURTTAŞ GAZETECİLİĞİ

Year 2022, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 296 - 310, 30.11.2022
https://doi.org/10.47107/inifedergi.1151481

Abstract

Bu araştırma yurttaş gazeteciliği olarak tanımlanan haber üretme ve yayma pratiğinin araştırmacı gazetecilik düzeyinde de mümkün olup olmadığını bir örnek olay üzerinden sorgulamayı amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmacı gazetecilik, gazetecilik türleri içinde en çok zaman ve emek gerektiren, bunun yanında çoğu zaman değindiği konular nedeniyle gerek gazetecinin kendisi gerekse çalıştığı medya adına riskler üreten bir habercilik faaliyetidir. Bundan ötürü araştırmacı gazetecilik faaliyetleri hem dünyada hem de Türkiye’de giderek azalmaktadır. Çalışmada temel alınan bir diğer nokta genel olarak insanların gazeteciliğe olan ilgi ve güveninin azalmış olmasıdır. Okur ihtiyaç duyduğu enformasyon akışını diğer kaynaklardan sağlayabildiğini düşünmektedir. Bu durum profesyonel bir meslek olarak gazeteciliğin toplumsal görev ve işlevlerinde bir gerilemeye neden olabilmektedir. Profesyonel gazetecilik mesleğine en yakın haber akışı ise yurttaş gazeteciliği olarak adlandırılan olgudan gelmektedir. Çalışmada yurttaş gazeteciliği ve araştırmacı gazetecilik literatürü üzerinden bir tartışma yürütülmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı yurttaş gazeteciliği olarak tanımlanan olgunun araştırmacı gazetecilik ile ilişkisini tartışmaktır. Çalışmada örnek olay olarak incelenen durum gazeteci olmayan bir kişinin, araştırmacı gazetecilik kapsamına girebilecek bir faaliyet yürüterek, bir olayı kamuoyunun gündemine getirmesidir. Araştırmada olay biçimsel olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Araştırmanın ortaya koyduğu en somut bulgu gazetecilerin herhangi bir nedenle kamuoyunun gündemine getirmedikleri kimi olayların mesleği gazetecilik olmayan kişilerce gündeme getirilip kamuoyu oluşturulabildiğidir. Bu örnekte görüldüğü gibi yurttaş gazeteciliği rutin haber olarak tanımlanan olayların dışına çıkarak, araştırmacı gazetecilik olarak tanımlanan habercilik pratiğinin de sınırlarına girebilmektedir.

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References

  • Barbara, R. (2016). Behind the Panama Papers: A Q&A with ICIJ Director Gerard Ryle. Global Investigative Journalism Network: https://gijn.org/2016/04/11/behind-the-panama-papers-a-qa-with-icij-director-gerard-ryle/, Erişim tarihi: 13.08.2022.
  • Bentley, C. H. (2011). Citizen journalism. Geopolitics, History, and International Relations, 3(1), 103-118.
  • Boland-Rudder, H. and Fitzgibbon, W. (2021). Data journalism in a time of epic data leak. In H. De Burgh and P. Lashmar (Ed.), İnvestigative Journalism (p. 17-29). Routledge.
  • Bucak, S. (2021). Survival in Turkey. In H. De Burgh and P. Lashmar (Ed.), İnvestigetive Journalism (p. 149-161). Londan: Routledge.
  • Carpenter, S. (2010). A study of content diversity in online citizen journalism and online newspaper articles. New media & society, 12(7), 1064-1084.
  • Davis, M. (2010). Why Journalism Is a Profession. In C. Meyers (Ed.), Journalism ethics: A philosophical approach (p. 91-102). Oxford University Press.
  • Digital News Report. (2022). Reuters Institute Politics: https://reutersinstitute. politics.ox.ac.uk/digital-news-report/2022, Erişim tarihi: 30.08.2022.
  • Deuze, M. (2008). Understanding Journalism as Newswork: How It Changes, and How It Remains the Same. Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture, 5(2), 4-23.
  • Duran, R. (2005). Yurttaş Gazeteciliği. S. Alankuş (Ed.), Gazetecilik ve Habercilik (s. 91-105). İstanbul: PS İletişim Vakfı Yayınları.
  • Goode, L. (2009). Social news, citizen journalism and democracy. new media & society, 11(8), 1–19.
  • Hermida, A. (2011). Fluid Spaces, Fluid Journalism The role of the 1active “recipient” in participatory journalism. In J. B. Singer, A. Hermida , D. Domingo, A. Heinonen, S. Paulussen, T. Quandt, . . . M. Vujnovic (Ed.), Participatory Journalism, Guarding Open Gates at Online Newspapers (s. 177-191). John Wiley & Sons.
  • Hermida, A. (2011). Mechanisms of participation: How audience options shape the conversation. In J. B. Singer, A. Hermida , D. Domingo, A. Heinonen, S. Paulussen, T. Quandt, . . . M. Vujnovic, (Ed.), Participatory Journalism Guarding Open Gates at Online Newspapers (s. 13-33). John Wiley & Sons.
  • Hunter, M. L. and Hanson, N. (2011). What is investigative journalism? In M. Hunter (Ed.), Story-Based Inquiry: A manual for investigative journalists. (s. 8-10). UNESCO. UNESCO: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000193078 Erişim tarihi: 20.06.2022.
  • İrvan, S. (2018). Araştırmacı gazetecilik: kavramsal bir değerlendiröe. Etkileşim, 1(2), 71-95.
  • Katz, J. E. (2011). Communication perspectives on social networking and citizen journalism challenges to traditional newspapers. I. T. Society, 22nd European Regional Conference of the International Telecommunications Society (ITS): "Innovative ICT Applications - Emerging Regulatory, Economic and Policy Issues". Budapest, Hungary.
  • Kaufhold, K., Valenzuela, W. and De Zúñiga, H. G. (2010). Citizen journalism and democracy: How user-generated news use relates to political knowledge and participation. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 87(3-4), 515-529.
  • Kim, Y. and Lowrey, W. (2015). Who are citizen journalists in the social media environment? Personal and social determinants of citizen journalism activities. Digital Journalism, 3(2), 298-314.
  • Kovach, B. and Rosenstiel, T. (2007). The elements of journalism : What newspeople should know and the public should expect. New York: Three Rivers Press.
  • Neuman, L. W. (2016). Toplumsal araştırma yöntemleri: nitel ve nicel yaklaşımlar. (8. Baskı). (Çev. S. Özge). (Cilt 2). Ankara: Yayın Odası.
  • Nip, J. Y. (2006). Exploring the second phase of public journalism. Journalism Studies, 7(2), 212–236.
  • Pavlik, J. V. (2013). Yeni medya ve gazetecilik. (Çev. M. Demir, B. Kalsın). Ankara: Phoenix.
  • Purcell, K., Rainie, L., Mitchell, A., Rosenstiel, T. and Olmstead, K. (2010). Understanding the participatory news consumer. Pew Internet and American Life Project:https://assets.pewresearch.org/wpcontent/uploads/sites/13/legacy/Participatory_News_Consumer.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 23.06.2022.
  • Quandt, T. (2011). Understanding a new phenomenon the signifi cance of participatory journalism. In J. B. Singer, A. Hermida , D. Domingo, A. Heinonen, S. Paulussen, T. Quandt, . . . M. Vujnovic, (Ed.), Participatory Journalism Guarding Open Gates at Online Newspapers (p. 155-176). John Wiley & Sons.
  • Robinson, S. (2009). The cyber-newsroom: A case study of the journalistic paradigm in a news narrative’s journey from a newspaper to cyberspace. Mass Communication and Society, 12(4), 403-422.
  • Robinson, S. and DeShano, C. (2011). ‘Anyone can know’: Citizen journalism and the interpretive community of the mainstream press. Journalism, 12(8), 963-982.
  • Singer, B. J. (2008). The journalist in the network: A shifting rationale for the gatekeeping role and the objectivity norm. Blanquerna School of Communication and International Relations, (26), 61-76.
  • Tsfati, Y. B. (2020). Causes and consequences of mainstream media dissemination of fake news: literature review and synthesis. Annals of the International Communication Association, 44(2), 157-173.
Year 2022, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 296 - 310, 30.11.2022
https://doi.org/10.47107/inifedergi.1151481

Abstract

Project Number

yok

References

  • Barbara, R. (2016). Behind the Panama Papers: A Q&A with ICIJ Director Gerard Ryle. Global Investigative Journalism Network: https://gijn.org/2016/04/11/behind-the-panama-papers-a-qa-with-icij-director-gerard-ryle/, Erişim tarihi: 13.08.2022.
  • Bentley, C. H. (2011). Citizen journalism. Geopolitics, History, and International Relations, 3(1), 103-118.
  • Boland-Rudder, H. and Fitzgibbon, W. (2021). Data journalism in a time of epic data leak. In H. De Burgh and P. Lashmar (Ed.), İnvestigative Journalism (p. 17-29). Routledge.
  • Bucak, S. (2021). Survival in Turkey. In H. De Burgh and P. Lashmar (Ed.), İnvestigetive Journalism (p. 149-161). Londan: Routledge.
  • Carpenter, S. (2010). A study of content diversity in online citizen journalism and online newspaper articles. New media & society, 12(7), 1064-1084.
  • Davis, M. (2010). Why Journalism Is a Profession. In C. Meyers (Ed.), Journalism ethics: A philosophical approach (p. 91-102). Oxford University Press.
  • Digital News Report. (2022). Reuters Institute Politics: https://reutersinstitute. politics.ox.ac.uk/digital-news-report/2022, Erişim tarihi: 30.08.2022.
  • Deuze, M. (2008). Understanding Journalism as Newswork: How It Changes, and How It Remains the Same. Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture, 5(2), 4-23.
  • Duran, R. (2005). Yurttaş Gazeteciliği. S. Alankuş (Ed.), Gazetecilik ve Habercilik (s. 91-105). İstanbul: PS İletişim Vakfı Yayınları.
  • Goode, L. (2009). Social news, citizen journalism and democracy. new media & society, 11(8), 1–19.
  • Hermida, A. (2011). Fluid Spaces, Fluid Journalism The role of the 1active “recipient” in participatory journalism. In J. B. Singer, A. Hermida , D. Domingo, A. Heinonen, S. Paulussen, T. Quandt, . . . M. Vujnovic (Ed.), Participatory Journalism, Guarding Open Gates at Online Newspapers (s. 177-191). John Wiley & Sons.
  • Hermida, A. (2011). Mechanisms of participation: How audience options shape the conversation. In J. B. Singer, A. Hermida , D. Domingo, A. Heinonen, S. Paulussen, T. Quandt, . . . M. Vujnovic, (Ed.), Participatory Journalism Guarding Open Gates at Online Newspapers (s. 13-33). John Wiley & Sons.
  • Hunter, M. L. and Hanson, N. (2011). What is investigative journalism? In M. Hunter (Ed.), Story-Based Inquiry: A manual for investigative journalists. (s. 8-10). UNESCO. UNESCO: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000193078 Erişim tarihi: 20.06.2022.
  • İrvan, S. (2018). Araştırmacı gazetecilik: kavramsal bir değerlendiröe. Etkileşim, 1(2), 71-95.
  • Katz, J. E. (2011). Communication perspectives on social networking and citizen journalism challenges to traditional newspapers. I. T. Society, 22nd European Regional Conference of the International Telecommunications Society (ITS): "Innovative ICT Applications - Emerging Regulatory, Economic and Policy Issues". Budapest, Hungary.
  • Kaufhold, K., Valenzuela, W. and De Zúñiga, H. G. (2010). Citizen journalism and democracy: How user-generated news use relates to political knowledge and participation. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 87(3-4), 515-529.
  • Kim, Y. and Lowrey, W. (2015). Who are citizen journalists in the social media environment? Personal and social determinants of citizen journalism activities. Digital Journalism, 3(2), 298-314.
  • Kovach, B. and Rosenstiel, T. (2007). The elements of journalism : What newspeople should know and the public should expect. New York: Three Rivers Press.
  • Neuman, L. W. (2016). Toplumsal araştırma yöntemleri: nitel ve nicel yaklaşımlar. (8. Baskı). (Çev. S. Özge). (Cilt 2). Ankara: Yayın Odası.
  • Nip, J. Y. (2006). Exploring the second phase of public journalism. Journalism Studies, 7(2), 212–236.
  • Pavlik, J. V. (2013). Yeni medya ve gazetecilik. (Çev. M. Demir, B. Kalsın). Ankara: Phoenix.
  • Purcell, K., Rainie, L., Mitchell, A., Rosenstiel, T. and Olmstead, K. (2010). Understanding the participatory news consumer. Pew Internet and American Life Project:https://assets.pewresearch.org/wpcontent/uploads/sites/13/legacy/Participatory_News_Consumer.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 23.06.2022.
  • Quandt, T. (2011). Understanding a new phenomenon the signifi cance of participatory journalism. In J. B. Singer, A. Hermida , D. Domingo, A. Heinonen, S. Paulussen, T. Quandt, . . . M. Vujnovic, (Ed.), Participatory Journalism Guarding Open Gates at Online Newspapers (p. 155-176). John Wiley & Sons.
  • Robinson, S. (2009). The cyber-newsroom: A case study of the journalistic paradigm in a news narrative’s journey from a newspaper to cyberspace. Mass Communication and Society, 12(4), 403-422.
  • Robinson, S. and DeShano, C. (2011). ‘Anyone can know’: Citizen journalism and the interpretive community of the mainstream press. Journalism, 12(8), 963-982.
  • Singer, B. J. (2008). The journalist in the network: A shifting rationale for the gatekeeping role and the objectivity norm. Blanquerna School of Communication and International Relations, (26), 61-76.
  • Tsfati, Y. B. (2020). Causes and consequences of mainstream media dissemination of fake news: literature review and synthesis. Annals of the International Communication Association, 44(2), 157-173.
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Communication and Media Studies
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Mehmet Ramazan Yıldızgörür 0000-0001-5103-0785

Project Number yok
Publication Date November 30, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Yıldızgörür, M. R. (2022). YENİ MEDYA EKOSİSTEMİNDE ARAŞTIRMACI GAZETECİLİK VE YURTTAŞ GAZETECİLİĞİ YAKINSAMASI: ARAŞTIRMACI YURTTAŞ GAZETECİLİĞİ. İnönü Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi (İNİF E-Dergi), 7(2), 296-310. https://doi.org/10.47107/inifedergi.1151481