Baltık Devletleri ve Rusya Federasyonu Arasındaki İlişkilerin Enerji Güvenliği Bağlamında Analizi

Year 2025, Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 120 - 137, 30.06.2025

Zehra Aksu

https://doi.org/10.54282/inijoss.1637892

Abstract

Baltık Devletleri (Estonya, Letonya ve Litvanya) ile Rusya Federasyonu arasındaki enerji ilişkisi, bölgesel güvenliği etkileyen kritik bir unsurdur. Bu ilişki, enerji bağımlılığının ulusal güvenliği ve bölgesel istikrarı nasıl etkilediğini anlamak için önemlidir. Paylaşılan Sovyet altyapısı nedeniyle tarihsel olarak iç içe geçmiş olan Baltık devletleri, güvenlik endişelerine yanıt olarak Rus enerji kaynaklarına olan bağımlılığı azaltmaya çalışmakta ve Kıta Avrupası Ağı ile senkronizasyonu amaçlamaktadır. Baltık Devletlerinin enerji güvenliği konusundaki deneyimleri, küçük devletlerin büyük güçlerin etkisinden kurtulma ve bağımsız enerji politikaları geliştirme çabalarına önemli bir örnek teşkil etmektedir. Bu çalışma Baltık Devletleri ve Rusya Federasyonu arasındaki ilişkilerin enerji güvenliği bağlamında analizini amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma sorusu, Baltık Devletlerinin Rusya karşısındaki tarihsel enerji bağımlılığından kaynaklanan güvenlik risklerine yanıt olarak enerji güvenliğini sağlamak amacıyla hangi stratejik yönelimleri benimsediğidir. Çalışmanın hipotezi Baltık Devletlerinin enerji güvenliği stratejilerinin, Rusya’ya olan enerji bağımlılığının yarattığı güvenlik kaygılarından doğrudan etkilendiği ve bu durumun, AB entegrasyon süreçlerini hızlandıran bir itici güç işlevi gördüğüdür. Çalışma, Baltık bölgesinde enerji güvenliğini etkileyen son politika değişimlerini ve altyapı gelişmelerini sentezleyerek özgün içgörüler sunmaktadır. Çağdaş gelişmeleri daha geniş bir tarihsel ve jeopolitik çerçeveye yerleştirerek literatürü zenginleştirmekte ve gelecekteki politika değerlendirmeleri için öngörüler kazandırmaktadır. Bilimsel eserlerin, politika raporlarının ve hükümet kaynaklarından elde edilen verilerin incelendiği araştırmada, Baltık-Rusya enerji ilişkilerinin bağımlılık ve stratejik kopuş arasındaki bir mücadele ile karakterize edildiği sonucuna ulaşılmaktadır. Nitel araştırma yöntemiyle elde edilen tarihsel ve güncel kanıtlara göre; çeşitlilik ve AB entegrasyonuna doğru önemli adımlar atılmış olsa da geçmiş bağımlılığın mirasının, modern enerji stratejilerini ve güvenlik değerlendirmelerini etkilemeye devam edeceği değerlendirilmektedir.

Keywords

Enerji Güvenliği, Baltık Ülkeleri, Rusya Federasyonu, AB

Ethical Statement

Etik Beyan Bulunmamaktadır

Supporting Institution

Yoktur

Analysis of Relations Between the Baltic States and The Russian Federation in The Context of Energy Security

Abstract

The energy relationship between the Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania) and the Russian Federation is a critical factor influencing regional security. This relationship is key to understanding how energy dependency impacts national security and regional stability. Historically interconnected through shared Soviet infrastructure, the Baltic States have sought to reduce their reliance on Russian energy sources in response to security concerns, aiming to synchronise with the Continental European Network. The experiences of the Baltic States in energy security serve as a significant example of small states striving to escape the influence of major powers and develop independent energy policies. This paper aims to analyse the relations between the Baltic States and the Russian Federation within the context of energy security. The research question is which strategic orientations the Baltic States have adopted in response to the security risks arising from their historical energy dependence on Russia. The hypothesis of the study is that the energy security strategies of the Baltic States have been directly shaped by the security concerns arising from their dependence on Russian energy, and that this has functioned as a driving force accelerating their EU integration processes. The study synthesises recent policy changes and infrastructure developments affecting energy security in the Baltic region, offering original insights. By placing contemporary developments within a broader historical and geopolitical framework, it enriches the literature and provides foresight for future policy assessments. The study which examines scientific publications, policy reports, and data from government sources, concludes that Baltic-Russian energy relations are characterised by a struggle between dependence and strategic decoupling. Based on historical and contemporary evidence obtained through qualitative research methods, it is assessed that while significant steps have been taken towards diversification and EU integration, the legacy of past dependency continues to influence modern energy strategies and security assessments.

Keywords

Energy Security, Baltic States, Russian Federation, EU

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