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Riyazetten Modern Diyet Toplumuna: Kutsallık ve Hiçlik Arasında Beden

Year 2016, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 144 - 174, 15.06.2016

Abstract

Bu çalışma, ruhun kemalâtı için az yemeği öğütleyen riyazet çağından beden için diyet toplumunu yücelten modern çağa geçişi analiz etmektedir. Burada, hipotez olarak, ruh ve beden arasındaki ikircikli ve çatışmalı durumun, yerini insanın bedenîleştiği ve bedenin de hiçleştiği kollektif bir düzene bıraktığı öne sürülmektedir. Beden, tüm özgürleşme söylemlerinin ötesinde, modernitenin hem bitmeyen sermayesi hem de açmazına dönüşmüştür. Bu rejimde bireyler sıskalar ve şişkolar olarak kategorize edilirken; kendilik (the Self) gittikçe görselleşir. Öte yandan bu teşhir edici endüstrileşmiş görselleştirme beklenmedik biçimde tekrarlı, tekdüze ve algıyı körelticidir. Burada beden vurgulandıkça kaybolur. Mutluluk ve kurtuluşun salt spor salonu, zayıflama hapları ve diyet programlarına indirgendiği bu yeni yaşam formülü, bilhassa tıp bilimi ve medya aracılığıyla geniş kitleleri biteviye yeniden üretmektedir. Mutlak güzellik ve mutluluğa ermeyi amaçlayan her temayül yeni bir tatminsizlik ve sonsuz bir arayış olarak kendi küllerinden doğar. Bu çalışma, Meksika yapımı Malos Hábitos (2007) filmi üzerinden, bedenî ve manevi varlık, bireysel ve toplumsal beden, açlık ve oburluk, ayna ve görünüm, arzu ve tatminsizlik arasındaki ikiliklere odaklanmaktadır. Bu bakımdan, Türkiye’de son yıllarda sıklıkla tartışılan beden ve özgürlük kavramları etrafındaki seküler yorumlara zımni olarak eleştirel bir duruş da sunmaktadır.

References

  • Adorno, T., Horkheimer, M. (1997). Dialectic of enlightenment. Londra ve New York: Verso.
  • Ancet, P. (2008). Ucube bedenlerin fenomonolojisi. İstanbul: Yapı Kredi.
  • Baker, J. (2015). Things no one will tell fat girls: A Handbook for Unapologetic Living. California: Seal Press.
  • Baudrillard, J. (1993). The transparency of evil: essays on extreme phenomena. Londra ve New York: Verso.
  • Baudrillard, J. (1998). Symbolic exchange and death. Londra, Thousand Oaks ve Yeni Delhi: Sage Publications.
  • Baudrillard, J. (1999). Fatal strategies. London: Pluto Press.
  • Baudrillard, J. (2004). The Consumer society: myths and structures. Londra, Thousand Oaks ve Yeni Delhi: SagePublications.
  • Bauman, Z. (1999). In search of politics. Cambridge and Malden: Polity Press.
  • Becker, A. E. (1995). Body, self, and society: the view from Fiji. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
  • Bross, S. (Yönetmen). (2007). Malos Hábitos. Mexico: Altavista Films, Fondo de Inversión y Estímulos al Cine,García Bross & Asociados, Santo Domingo Films. [103 min].
  • Burns-Ardolino, W. A. (2009). Jiggle in my walk: The ironic power of the “Big Butt” in American Pop Culture.E. D. Rothblum ve S. Solovay (Ed.), The Fat studies reader içinde (s. 271-279). New York ve Londra: New YorkUniversity Press.
  • Canetti, E. (2000). Crowds and power. Londra: Phoenix Press.
  • Castells, M. (2000). The Rise of the network society: economy, society and culture v. 1: The Information age: economy, Society and culture v. 1. Oxford ve Malden: Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
  • Castilho, S. M. (2006). Psychopathological Aspects of Body Disturbance on Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa. P.I. Swain (Ed.), Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa: New Research içinde (s. 27-39). New York: Nove SciencePublishers, Inc.
  • Chul-Han, B. (2015). The Burnout society. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
  • Cynthia L. O., Carroll M. D., Kit B. K., ve Flegan, K. M. (2014). Prevalence of Childhood and Adult Obesity in theUnited States, 2011-2012. The Journal Of American Medical Association, 311(8), 806-814.
  • Demir, S. T. (2014). The City on Screen: A Methodological Approach on Cinematic City Studies. CINEJ CinemaJournal, (4), 1.
  • Falk, P. (1994). The Consuming Body. Londra, Thousand Oaks, Yeni Delhi: Sage Publications.
  • Fedorak, S. A. (2014). Global issues: A cross-cultural perspective. Ontario, Plymouth ve New York: University ofToronto Press.
  • Fischer, S., Smith, G. T. ve Cyders, M. A. (2006). Integrating Personality and Environmental Risk Factors forBulimia Nervosa. P. I Swain (Ed.), Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa: NewResearch içinde (s. 159-184). NewYork: Nove Science Publishers, Inc.
  • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2015). The State of Food Insecurity in the World. http://www.fao.org/3/a4ef2d16-70a7-460a-a9ac-2a65a533269a/i4646e.pdf adresinden 22 Aralık 2015 tarihinde edinilmiştir.

From Asceticism to the Modern Diet Society: The Body between Sanctity and Nonentity

Year 2016, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 144 - 174, 15.06.2016

Abstract

This paper analyses — not chronologically, but sociologically — the transition from the age of asceticism, which advises one to eat like a bird in order to perfect the soul, to the modern age, in which the diet society is highlighted. It asserts that this ambivalent and conflictive situation between soul and body creates a collective regime in which the human being is embodied and the body becomes nothing. The body, being beyond all means of liberation, turns into both an unending capital and an abysmal swamp of modernity. Under this regime, the Self reflects upon itself and categorises the body as either skinny or fat. Besides, the exhibitive industrialised visualisation of the Self is unexpectedly blinding. Here, the body disappears as much as it is highlighted. The new style-life formula, which reduces bliss and salvation to the gym, slimming pills and diet programmes, incessantly guides the masses through the medical sciences and, in particular, the media. Every tendency towards achieving absolute beauty and happiness is reborn from its own ashes as a new form of dissatisfaction and leads to endless searching. Through the Mexican film Malos Hábitos (2007), this paper focuses on the dichotomies between physical and spiritual existence, the individual and the social body, hunger and gluttony, mirror and appearance, and desire and dissatisfaction. In this respect, it implicitly offers a critical stance of secular discourses focusing around the concepts of the body and freedom that have often been debated in recent years in Turkey.

References

  • Adorno, T., Horkheimer, M. (1997). Dialectic of enlightenment. Londra ve New York: Verso.
  • Ancet, P. (2008). Ucube bedenlerin fenomonolojisi. İstanbul: Yapı Kredi.
  • Baker, J. (2015). Things no one will tell fat girls: A Handbook for Unapologetic Living. California: Seal Press.
  • Baudrillard, J. (1993). The transparency of evil: essays on extreme phenomena. Londra ve New York: Verso.
  • Baudrillard, J. (1998). Symbolic exchange and death. Londra, Thousand Oaks ve Yeni Delhi: Sage Publications.
  • Baudrillard, J. (1999). Fatal strategies. London: Pluto Press.
  • Baudrillard, J. (2004). The Consumer society: myths and structures. Londra, Thousand Oaks ve Yeni Delhi: SagePublications.
  • Bauman, Z. (1999). In search of politics. Cambridge and Malden: Polity Press.
  • Becker, A. E. (1995). Body, self, and society: the view from Fiji. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
  • Bross, S. (Yönetmen). (2007). Malos Hábitos. Mexico: Altavista Films, Fondo de Inversión y Estímulos al Cine,García Bross & Asociados, Santo Domingo Films. [103 min].
  • Burns-Ardolino, W. A. (2009). Jiggle in my walk: The ironic power of the “Big Butt” in American Pop Culture.E. D. Rothblum ve S. Solovay (Ed.), The Fat studies reader içinde (s. 271-279). New York ve Londra: New YorkUniversity Press.
  • Canetti, E. (2000). Crowds and power. Londra: Phoenix Press.
  • Castells, M. (2000). The Rise of the network society: economy, society and culture v. 1: The Information age: economy, Society and culture v. 1. Oxford ve Malden: Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
  • Castilho, S. M. (2006). Psychopathological Aspects of Body Disturbance on Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa. P.I. Swain (Ed.), Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa: New Research içinde (s. 27-39). New York: Nove SciencePublishers, Inc.
  • Chul-Han, B. (2015). The Burnout society. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
  • Cynthia L. O., Carroll M. D., Kit B. K., ve Flegan, K. M. (2014). Prevalence of Childhood and Adult Obesity in theUnited States, 2011-2012. The Journal Of American Medical Association, 311(8), 806-814.
  • Demir, S. T. (2014). The City on Screen: A Methodological Approach on Cinematic City Studies. CINEJ CinemaJournal, (4), 1.
  • Falk, P. (1994). The Consuming Body. Londra, Thousand Oaks, Yeni Delhi: Sage Publications.
  • Fedorak, S. A. (2014). Global issues: A cross-cultural perspective. Ontario, Plymouth ve New York: University ofToronto Press.
  • Fischer, S., Smith, G. T. ve Cyders, M. A. (2006). Integrating Personality and Environmental Risk Factors forBulimia Nervosa. P. I Swain (Ed.), Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa: NewResearch içinde (s. 159-184). NewYork: Nove Science Publishers, Inc.
  • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2015). The State of Food Insecurity in the World. http://www.fao.org/3/a4ef2d16-70a7-460a-a9ac-2a65a533269a/i4646e.pdf adresinden 22 Aralık 2015 tarihinde edinilmiştir.
There are 21 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Sociology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Sertaç Timur Demir

Publication Date June 15, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Demir, S. T. (2016). Riyazetten Modern Diyet Toplumuna: Kutsallık ve Hiçlik Arasında Beden. İnsan Ve Toplum, 6(1), 144-174.