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Effect of Syrian Refugees on Native Family Formation: Marriage and Divorce Trends in Turkey

Year 2022, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 111 - 139, 16.06.2022

Abstract

Suriye iç savaşı sonrası Türkiye, ciddi boyutta bir göç dalgası ile karşı karşıya kaldı. Bu durum, Türkiye’yi, dünyada en fazla mülteci barındıran ülke konumuna getirdi. Mülteci nüfusun yarattığı ekonomik yükün yanı sıra çeşitli saha araştırmaları, Türkiye vatandaşlarının mülteciler hakkında genel olarak olumsuz bir algıya sahip olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Suriyelilerin yerli aile yapısına olası etkisi bu olumsuz algının içinde önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Yerli halk Suriyeli mülteciler kaynaklı boşanma artışlarından ve yerli halkın evlenme oranlarındaki azalmadan endişe duymaktadır. Bu çalışma, Türkiye’nin farklı bölgelerindeki boşanma/evlenme oranlarını karşılaştırarak, Suriyeli mültecilerin boşanma ve evlenme oranlarına etkisini incelemektedir. Suriyeli mültecilerin ülke içerisindeki dağılımı oldukça heterojendir. Suriye sınırına yakın iller ve görece gelişmiş şehirler önemli sayıda Suriyeliye ev sahipliği yaparken, sınır illerine komşu diğer şehirlerde ve sınıra uzak şehirlerde nüfusa oranla çok az Suriyeli yaşamaktadır. Çalışma, mülteci yoğunluğunun yüksek olduğu şehirlerde, daha az mülteci bulunan şehirlere kıyasla boşanma/ evlenme oranlarında bir değişiklik olup olmadığını kontrol etmektedir. Mültecilerin şehir seçimi içsellik problemine neden olmaktadır. Çalışma, bu problemi çözmek amacıyla mesafeye dayalı bir araç değişken kullanmaktadır. Yapılan analiz, mültecilerin boşanma veya açılan boşanma davaları üzerinde mevcut trendi olumsuz yönde değiştirici bir etki yapmadığını göstermiştir. Fakat, mültecilerin resmi evlilik sayılarına sınırlı bir olumsuz etki yaptığı gözlenmiştir. Suriyeli mültecilerin oranındaki %1’lik bir artış, resmi evlenme sayılarında %0.03’lük bir azalmaya sebep olmaktadır.

References

  • Aksu, E., Erzan, R., & Kırdar, M. (2018). The impact of mass migration of Syrians on the Turkish labor market.Koç University-TUSIAD Economic Research Forum Working Papers No 1815.
  • Andersson, G., Obućina, O., & Scott, K. (2015). Marriage and divorce of immigrants and descendants ofimmigrants in Sweden. Demographic Research, 33(2), 31−64. https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2015.33.2
  • Aygül, H.H. (2018). The appearance and effects of refugee labor on Turkish labor markets. Süleyman Demirel University Visionary Journal, 9(20), 68-82. https://doi.org/10.21076/vizyoner.369358
  • Becker, G. (1973). A theory of marriage: Part I. Journal of Political Economy, 81(4):813–846. http://dx.doi. org/10.1086/260084
  • Becker, G. (1974). A theory of marriage: Part II. Journal of Political Economy, 82(2): S11–S26. https://doi. org/10.1086/260287 137 Öztek, Effect of Syrian Refugees on Native Family Formation: Marriage and Divorce Trends in Turkey
  • Becker, G. (1981). A Treatise on the family. Harvard University Press.
  • Caarls, K., & Mazzucato, V. (2015). Does international migration lead to divorce? Ghanaian couples in Ghana and abroad. Population, 70(1), 127-151. https://doi.org/10.3917/popu.1501.0135
  • Card, D. (1990). The impact of the Mariel boatlift on the Miami labor market. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 43(2), 245–257. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F001979399004300205
  • Ceritoğlu, E., Yüncüler, H.B., Torun, H., & Tümen, S. (2017). The impact of Syrian refugees on natives’ labor market outcomes in Turkey: Evidence from a quasi-experimental design. Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey, Working Paper No: 17/05.
  • Civelek, Y., & Koç İ. (2007). Türkiye’de imam nikâhı. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyolojik Araştırmalar E-Dergisi, 5, 1–14.
  • Dustmann, C., Schönberg, U. & Stuhler, J. (2017). Labor supply shocks, native wages, and the adjustment of local employment. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 132(1), 435-483. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjw032
  • Erdoğan, M. (2014). Syrians in Turkey: Social acceptance and integration research. Migration and Politics Research Centre, Hacettepe University.
  • Erdoğan, M. (2020). Suriyeliler barometresi-2019. Orion Kitabevi.
  • Frank R., & Wildsmith, E. (2005). The grass widows of Mexico: Migration and union dissolution in a binational context. Social Forces, 83(3), 919-947. https://doi.org/10.1353/sof.2005.0031
  • Grossbard, S. (1993). On the economics of marriage: A theory of marriage, labor, and divorce. Westview Press.
  • Gücük S., Arıca, S.G., Akan, Z., Arıca, V., & Alkan, S. (2010). Van ilindeki çok eşlilik oranları ve etkileyen faktörler: Kesitsel çalışma. Kartal Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Tıp Dergisi, 21(3), 127-133.
  • He, G. & Wang, S. (2017). Do college graduates serving as village officials help rural China? American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 9(4), 186–215. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20160079
  • Hunt, J. (1992). The impact of the 1962 repatriates from Algeria on the French labor market. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 45(3), 556–572. https://doi.org/10.2307/2524278
  • Jaitman, L. & Machin, S. (2013). Crime and immigration: new evidence from England and Wales. IZA Journal of Migration, 2(19). https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-9039-2-19
  • Kaya, M. (2018). İki hukuk arasında arafta: Suriyeli kadın mültecilerin informel evlilikleri ve boşan(ama)ma krizi. Journal of Social and Humanities Sciences Research (JSHSR), 5(31). https://doi.org/10.26450/jshsr.843
  • Landale, N.S., & Ogena, N.B. (1995). Migration and union dissolution among Puerto Rican women. International
  • Migration Review, 29(3), 671-692. https://doi.org/10.2307/2547499
  • Milewski, N., & Kulu, H. (2014). Mixed marriages in Germany: A high risk of divorce for immigrant-native couples. European Journal of Population, 30(1), 89-113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-013-9298-1
  • Milliyet Gazetesi (2016, February 20). Suriye’de, yaşanan göç dalgası Kilisli kadınları kocalarından etti. https:// www.milliyet.com.tr/yerel-haberler/kilis/suriye-de-yasanan-goc-dalgasi-kilislikadinlarikocalarindanetti-11223762
  • Ministry of Family, Labour and Social Services (2016). Suriyeliler ile Türkiye Cumhuriyeti vatandaşları arasındaki evlilik ilişkileri araştırması. Aile ve Sosyal Politikalar Bakanlığı, Aile ve Toplum HGM, Araştırma ve Politika Serisi 43.
  • Ministry of the Interior (2017, July 5). Basın Açıklaması. https://www.icisleri.gov.tr/basin-aciklamasi05072017
  • ORSAM (2015). Suriyeli sığınmacıların Türkiye’ye etkileri. ORSAM Rapor No: 195.
  • Ozkan, M., Altindag, A., Oto, R., & Sentunali, E. (2006). Mental health aspects of Turkish women from polygamous versus monogamous families. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 52(3), 214–220. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764006067207
  • Öztek, A.S. (2021a). Refugees and the informal labour market: Evidence from Syrian inflows to Turkey. Journal of Economic Theory and Econometrics, 32(2), 1-53. http://doi.org/10.22812/jetem.2021.32.2.001
  • Öztek, A.S. (2021b). Effect of Syrian refugees on judicial system and crime rates in Turkey. Proceeding Book, The 10th International Scientific Research Congress, Asos Yayınevi.
  • Pınar, Ö. (2015, November 19). Şanlıurfa’da ‘Suriyeli kuma’ nedeniyle boşanma sayısında artış. Hürriyet Gazetesi. http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/sanliurfada-suriyeli-kuma-bosanmasinda-artis-40016032.
  • RESLOG (2020). Türkiye’de Suriyeli göçü ve belediye deneyimleri: Kitlesel göçler, yerel yanıtlar. SKL International AB.
  • Taştan, C., Haklı, S.Z., & Osmanoğlu, E. (2017). Suriyeli sığınmacılara dair tehdit algısı: Önyargılar ve gerçekler.Polis Akademisi Yayınları, 29(9).
  • TTB (2014). Suriyeli sığınmacılar ve sağlık hizmetleri raporu. Türk Tabipleri Birliği Yayınları.
  • Turkish Disaster and Emergency Management Authority (DEMA) (2014). Population influx from Syria to Turkey.
  • Turkish Disaster and Emergency Management Authority (DEMA) (2017). Field survey on demographic view, living conditions and future expectations of Syrians in Turkey. Ankara.
  • United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) (2021, March 20). Syria regional refugee response. https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/syria

Effect of Syrian Refugees on Native Family Formation: Marriage and Divorce Trends in Turkey

Year 2022, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 111 - 139, 16.06.2022

Abstract

After the civil war in Syria, Turkey faced a massive refugee wave, making Turkey the top refugee-hosting country in the world. Besides the economic burden of this refugee population, various field surveys reveal that Turkish citizens have some negative perceptions about the refugees. One of the leading concerns on refugees is their possible effects on native family formation by affecting marriage and divorce rates. This study examines the effect of the Syrian refugees on family formation by comparing the trends in different geographical areas of Turkey. While border cities and relatively developed cities host a significant number of Syrians, there are few Syrians living in cities away from the border. By conducting spatial analysis, the study checks whether there is a change in divorce/marriage rates in cities with a high concentration of refugees compared to cities with fewer refugees. By considering the endogenous location choice of the refugees, the study proposes a distance-based instrument to overcome the endogeneity problem in a Difference-in-Differences setting. Results indicate that the refugees do not affect the existing trends in divorce rates and divorce cases. However, there is a limited adverse impact on official marriages. A 1% increase in the refugee ratio corresponds to a 0.03% reduction in official marriages.

References

  • Aksu, E., Erzan, R., & Kırdar, M. (2018). The impact of mass migration of Syrians on the Turkish labor market.Koç University-TUSIAD Economic Research Forum Working Papers No 1815.
  • Andersson, G., Obućina, O., & Scott, K. (2015). Marriage and divorce of immigrants and descendants ofimmigrants in Sweden. Demographic Research, 33(2), 31−64. https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2015.33.2
  • Aygül, H.H. (2018). The appearance and effects of refugee labor on Turkish labor markets. Süleyman Demirel University Visionary Journal, 9(20), 68-82. https://doi.org/10.21076/vizyoner.369358
  • Becker, G. (1973). A theory of marriage: Part I. Journal of Political Economy, 81(4):813–846. http://dx.doi. org/10.1086/260084
  • Becker, G. (1974). A theory of marriage: Part II. Journal of Political Economy, 82(2): S11–S26. https://doi. org/10.1086/260287 137 Öztek, Effect of Syrian Refugees on Native Family Formation: Marriage and Divorce Trends in Turkey
  • Becker, G. (1981). A Treatise on the family. Harvard University Press.
  • Caarls, K., & Mazzucato, V. (2015). Does international migration lead to divorce? Ghanaian couples in Ghana and abroad. Population, 70(1), 127-151. https://doi.org/10.3917/popu.1501.0135
  • Card, D. (1990). The impact of the Mariel boatlift on the Miami labor market. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 43(2), 245–257. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F001979399004300205
  • Ceritoğlu, E., Yüncüler, H.B., Torun, H., & Tümen, S. (2017). The impact of Syrian refugees on natives’ labor market outcomes in Turkey: Evidence from a quasi-experimental design. Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey, Working Paper No: 17/05.
  • Civelek, Y., & Koç İ. (2007). Türkiye’de imam nikâhı. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyolojik Araştırmalar E-Dergisi, 5, 1–14.
  • Dustmann, C., Schönberg, U. & Stuhler, J. (2017). Labor supply shocks, native wages, and the adjustment of local employment. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 132(1), 435-483. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjw032
  • Erdoğan, M. (2014). Syrians in Turkey: Social acceptance and integration research. Migration and Politics Research Centre, Hacettepe University.
  • Erdoğan, M. (2020). Suriyeliler barometresi-2019. Orion Kitabevi.
  • Frank R., & Wildsmith, E. (2005). The grass widows of Mexico: Migration and union dissolution in a binational context. Social Forces, 83(3), 919-947. https://doi.org/10.1353/sof.2005.0031
  • Grossbard, S. (1993). On the economics of marriage: A theory of marriage, labor, and divorce. Westview Press.
  • Gücük S., Arıca, S.G., Akan, Z., Arıca, V., & Alkan, S. (2010). Van ilindeki çok eşlilik oranları ve etkileyen faktörler: Kesitsel çalışma. Kartal Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Tıp Dergisi, 21(3), 127-133.
  • He, G. & Wang, S. (2017). Do college graduates serving as village officials help rural China? American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 9(4), 186–215. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20160079
  • Hunt, J. (1992). The impact of the 1962 repatriates from Algeria on the French labor market. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 45(3), 556–572. https://doi.org/10.2307/2524278
  • Jaitman, L. & Machin, S. (2013). Crime and immigration: new evidence from England and Wales. IZA Journal of Migration, 2(19). https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-9039-2-19
  • Kaya, M. (2018). İki hukuk arasında arafta: Suriyeli kadın mültecilerin informel evlilikleri ve boşan(ama)ma krizi. Journal of Social and Humanities Sciences Research (JSHSR), 5(31). https://doi.org/10.26450/jshsr.843
  • Landale, N.S., & Ogena, N.B. (1995). Migration and union dissolution among Puerto Rican women. International
  • Migration Review, 29(3), 671-692. https://doi.org/10.2307/2547499
  • Milewski, N., & Kulu, H. (2014). Mixed marriages in Germany: A high risk of divorce for immigrant-native couples. European Journal of Population, 30(1), 89-113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-013-9298-1
  • Milliyet Gazetesi (2016, February 20). Suriye’de, yaşanan göç dalgası Kilisli kadınları kocalarından etti. https:// www.milliyet.com.tr/yerel-haberler/kilis/suriye-de-yasanan-goc-dalgasi-kilislikadinlarikocalarindanetti-11223762
  • Ministry of Family, Labour and Social Services (2016). Suriyeliler ile Türkiye Cumhuriyeti vatandaşları arasındaki evlilik ilişkileri araştırması. Aile ve Sosyal Politikalar Bakanlığı, Aile ve Toplum HGM, Araştırma ve Politika Serisi 43.
  • Ministry of the Interior (2017, July 5). Basın Açıklaması. https://www.icisleri.gov.tr/basin-aciklamasi05072017
  • ORSAM (2015). Suriyeli sığınmacıların Türkiye’ye etkileri. ORSAM Rapor No: 195.
  • Ozkan, M., Altindag, A., Oto, R., & Sentunali, E. (2006). Mental health aspects of Turkish women from polygamous versus monogamous families. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 52(3), 214–220. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764006067207
  • Öztek, A.S. (2021a). Refugees and the informal labour market: Evidence from Syrian inflows to Turkey. Journal of Economic Theory and Econometrics, 32(2), 1-53. http://doi.org/10.22812/jetem.2021.32.2.001
  • Öztek, A.S. (2021b). Effect of Syrian refugees on judicial system and crime rates in Turkey. Proceeding Book, The 10th International Scientific Research Congress, Asos Yayınevi.
  • Pınar, Ö. (2015, November 19). Şanlıurfa’da ‘Suriyeli kuma’ nedeniyle boşanma sayısında artış. Hürriyet Gazetesi. http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/sanliurfada-suriyeli-kuma-bosanmasinda-artis-40016032.
  • RESLOG (2020). Türkiye’de Suriyeli göçü ve belediye deneyimleri: Kitlesel göçler, yerel yanıtlar. SKL International AB.
  • Taştan, C., Haklı, S.Z., & Osmanoğlu, E. (2017). Suriyeli sığınmacılara dair tehdit algısı: Önyargılar ve gerçekler.Polis Akademisi Yayınları, 29(9).
  • TTB (2014). Suriyeli sığınmacılar ve sağlık hizmetleri raporu. Türk Tabipleri Birliği Yayınları.
  • Turkish Disaster and Emergency Management Authority (DEMA) (2014). Population influx from Syria to Turkey.
  • Turkish Disaster and Emergency Management Authority (DEMA) (2017). Field survey on demographic view, living conditions and future expectations of Syrians in Turkey. Ankara.
  • United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) (2021, March 20). Syria regional refugee response. https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/syria
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Political Science
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Abdullah Selim Öztek This is me

Publication Date June 16, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 12 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Öztek, A. S. (2022). Effect of Syrian Refugees on Native Family Formation: Marriage and Divorce Trends in Turkey. İnsan Ve Toplum, 12(2), 111-139.