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A Look Back at The 2011 Arab Revolts The Last Wave of Democratization, A Function of Capitalism, or A Challenge to Neoliberalism? A Multi-Factor Analysis

Year 2019, Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 15 - 40, 01.09.2019

Abstract

2011 yılında başlayan Arap İsyanları sık sık indirgemeci bir biçimde bir veya birkaç faktöre dayanarak açıklanmakta, seküler-liberal demokrasiye doğru “küresel yürüyüşün” son safhası (veya “demokratikleşmenin dördüncü dalgası”), neoliberal kapitalizme karşı bir başkaldırı veya küresel kapitalizmin genişlemesinin bir sonucu ve gereği olarak görülmektedir. Bu makale ise bu isyanları daha iyi anlamak için tek bir ana faktöre indirgemek yerine uluslararası siyasi-askeri bağlamdaki değişimler çerçevesindeki birtakım küresel gelişmeler ile yerel siyasi, ekonomik ve psikolojik-kültürel etkilerin dikkate alınması gerektiğini varsaymaktadır. Bunun ortaya koymak üzere, makro-sosyolojik bir bakış açısından hareketle bu makalede Arap isyanlarını şekillendiren birtakım ana siyasi ve iktisadi, teknolojik, kültürel ve psikolojik faktörler incelenmektedir. Bu faktörler, insanların eşitsizlik ve ekonomik özgürlük ve fırsat eşitsizliğine karşı tepkileri ile siyasi ve iktisadi adalet talepleri, bilgi-iletişim teknolojilerinin (BİT’ler) toplumsal seferberlik üzerindeki etkileri, İslam’ın bireyler ve siyasi kültür üzerindeki etkisi ile bütün bu faktörleri tamamlayan bir psikolojik faktör olarak insanların onur (kerame) arayışı ve baskıcı yönetimler ve başarısız neoliberal iktisat politikaları sebebiyle rejimlere karşı duyulan öfkeyi ihtiva etmektedir.

References

  • Abu Toameh, K. (28 October 2011). From an Arab spring to an Islamist winter: Demonstrators dispatched by mosques. Gatestone Institute. http://www.stonegateinstitute.org/2541/arab-spring-islamististwinter. Accessed 5.2.2016.
  • Achcar, G. (1 February 2012). Theses on the ‘Arab Spring’. International Viewpoint. http://www.internationalviewpoint.org/spip.php?article2469. Accessed 2.16.2016.
  • Achcar, G. (2013). The people want: A radical exploration of the Arab uprising. London: Saqi.
  • Ackerman, S. (28 January 2011). Egypt’s internet shutdown can’t stop mass protests. Wired. http://www.wired. com/dangerroom/2011/01/egypts-internet-shutdown-cant-stop-mass-protests/. Accessed 1.25.2018.

A Look Back at The 2011 Arab Revolts The Last Wave of Democratization, A Function of Capitalism, or A Challenge to Neoliberalism? A Multi-Factor Analysis

Year 2019, Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 15 - 40, 01.09.2019

Abstract

The 2011 Arab revolts have often been explained in a somewhat reductionist manner as the last chapter of Huntington’s democratization waves and a celebrated march toward secular-liberal democracy, or as part of a world-wide revolt against neo-liberal capitalism, or simply as a function of the global expansion of capitalism. Rather than reducing these complex events to a single overarching factors, this article argues instead that they are better understood with reference to an interplay between global developments (changes in the international politico-military context) and local politico-economic, psychological, and cultural influences. I demonstrate this argument by focusing, from a macro-sociological perspective, on the major political-economic, technological, cultural, and psychological factors that helped shape the Arab revolts. These include people’s reactions to inequality, lack of economic opportunities, and their demand for economic justice on the one hand, and their more general aspirations for social and political liberties and justice on the other. The article also addresses the impact of information and communications technologies (ICTs) on social mobilization and of religion on individual and political culture, and it further argues that these factors were complemented by people’s search for dignity (karama) in the face of frustration with oppression as well as neoliberal social and economic policies.

References

  • Abu Toameh, K. (28 October 2011). From an Arab spring to an Islamist winter: Demonstrators dispatched by mosques. Gatestone Institute. http://www.stonegateinstitute.org/2541/arab-spring-islamististwinter. Accessed 5.2.2016.
  • Achcar, G. (1 February 2012). Theses on the ‘Arab Spring’. International Viewpoint. http://www.internationalviewpoint.org/spip.php?article2469. Accessed 2.16.2016.
  • Achcar, G. (2013). The people want: A radical exploration of the Arab uprising. London: Saqi.
  • Ackerman, S. (28 January 2011). Egypt’s internet shutdown can’t stop mass protests. Wired. http://www.wired. com/dangerroom/2011/01/egypts-internet-shutdown-cant-stop-mass-protests/. Accessed 1.25.2018.
There are 4 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects International Relations
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Nurullah Ardıç

Publication Date September 1, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 9 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Ardıç, N. (2019). A Look Back at The 2011 Arab Revolts The Last Wave of Democratization, A Function of Capitalism, or A Challenge to Neoliberalism? A Multi-Factor Analysis. İnsan Ve Toplum, 9(3), 15-40.