Devletler Sistemini Yeniden Düşünmek: Klasik Vestfalyan Devletten Neovestfalyan Devlete

Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 235 - 265, 07.03.2021

Öner Buçukcu

Abstract

Birleşmiş Milletler düzeni, Klasik Vestfalyan devlet mantığı üzerine inşa edilmiştir. Dekolonizasyon sürecinde söz konusu düzen Batı’ya ait bir düzen olmaktan çıkarak küreselleşmiştir. Soğuk Savaş, Vestfalyan devleti temel ilke hâline getirerek kurumsallaştırmıştır. Soğuk Savaş’ın sona ermesinin ardından Doğu Bloku’nun dağılması, Afrika’daki barış ve güvenlik problemleri, insani krizlere karşı devletlerin başarısızlığı, Klasik Vestfalyan devletin üç temel ilkesi olan müdahalesizlik, egemen eşitlik ve ülkeselliği tartışmaya açmıştır. Klasik Vestfalyan devletin ortadan kalktığı, “Yeni Orta Çağ”a gelindiği tezleri ileri sürülmüştür.Bu makalenin tezi, Soğuk Savaş sonrası dönemde yavaş adımlarla ve kararlı biçimde Neovestfalyan olarak adlandırılabilecek bir devletler düzenine doğru ilerlendiğidir.

Keywords

Egemenlik, milliyetçilik, ulus devlet, Vestfalyan devlet, ülkesellik, müdahalesizlik.

Rethinking the States System: From the Classical Westphalian State to the Neo-Westphalian State

Abstract

The United Nations is grounded on the Westphalian state system. Throughout the de-colonizationperiod, the Organization ceased to be peculiar to the West only, and soon became the prevalent model in theentire globe. The Cold War also solidified and institutionalized the Westphalian State as the fundamentalprinciple in international relations. The end of the Cold War, however, along with the collapse of theEastern bloc, the challenges of peace and security in Africa, and the failure of the states in coping withhumanitarian crises increasingly made the three fundamental principles of Westphalian state, namely the“non-interventionism”, “sovereign-equality” and “territoriality” disputable among political scientists. Newapproaches and arguments on the end of the Classical Westphalian state and the emergence of a so-called“New Medieval Age” have widely been circulated. This paper alternatively suggests that, since the end of thecold war, the world politics has gradually and decisively been evolving into a system of states that could becalled Neo-Westphalian.

Keywords

Sovereignity, nationalism, nation-state, Westphalian state, territoriality, non-interventionism.

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