<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article         dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                    <journal-id></journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>International Journal of Sport Culture and Science</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">2148-1148</issn>
                                                                                                        <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Uluslararası Bilim Kültür ve Spor Derneği</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14486/IJSCS258</article-id>
                                                                                                                                                                                            <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>The Effects of Physical Education and Sports on the Self-Concept of the Children with Mild Mental Disabilities</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="tr">
                                    <trans-title>Hafif Derecede Zihinsel Yetersizliği Olan Çocuklarda Beden Eğitimi ve Sporun Benlik Algısı Üzerindeki Etkisi</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Filazoğlu-çokluk</surname>
                                    <given-names>Gülşen</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Kırımoğlu</surname>
                                    <given-names>Hüseyin</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Öz</surname>
                                    <given-names>Aysegul Şükran</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>İlhan</surname>
                                    <given-names>Ekrem Levent</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20150723">
                    <day>07</day>
                    <month>23</month>
                    <year>2015</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>3</volume>
                                        <issue>Special Issue 3</issue>
                                        <fpage>55</fpage>
                                        <lpage>72</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20150723">
                        <day>07</day>
                        <month>23</month>
                        <year>2015</year>
                    </date>
                                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2013, International Journal of Sport Culture and Science</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2013</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>International Journal of Sport Culture and Science</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 10-week research-based Special Physical Education Program (SPEP) on the self-concept levels of students with mild mental disabilities (MMR) aged between 8 and 16 from the perspectives of Special Education and Physical Education by taking their socio-demographic characteristics into consideration.The sample of the research was comprise of 145 students with MR (57 in control and 88 in experimental group) who lived in the city center of Antakya Province and within the city borders, attended to special education centers. The participants were selected by the school psychologists out of the students whose IQs ranged between 50 and 70. The research was designed in a pre test-post-test control group model. Socio demographic forms and Pierre-Harris Self-Concept Scale were used in order to collect quantitative data in the present research.The study results demonstrated that after participating SPEP, control group had improved total and sub-scale scores in Pierre-Harris Self-Concept Scale. Before SPEP, levels of anxiety among female participants were higher than their male counterparts. After a 10 week SPEP intervention, boys improved their perception of success (p&amp;lt;0.01), while girls increased their scores on Behavioral Adjustment(p&amp;lt;0.05) compare to the other gender.</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="tr">
                            <p>Bu araştırmanın ana amacı 10 haftalık araştırma temelli Özel Beden Eğitimi Programı&#039;nın (ÖBEP) 8-16 yaşlar arasındaki hafif derecede zihinsel yetersizliği olan çocukların benlik algısı düzeylerine olan etkisinin Özel Eğitim ve Beden Eğitimi bakış açıları ile sosyodemografik özelliklerini de dikkate alarak değerlendirmektir. Araştırmanın örneklemini, Antakya İlçe merkezi ve ilçe sınırları içerisinde yaşayan ve özel eğitim merkezlerine devam eden 145 (57&#039;si kontrol ve 88&#039;i deney grubunda olmak üzere) zihinsel yetersizliği olan çocuk oluşturmuştur. Katılımcılar, okul psikoloğu tarafından zeka bölümü puanları 50-70 arasında değişen öğrenciler arasından seçilmiştir. Araştırma ön-test son-test kontrol grubu modelinde desenlenmiştir. Bu araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak Sosyo-demografik form ve Pierre-Harris Benlik Algısı Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları ÖBEP&#039;na katıldıktan sonra kontrol grubunun Pierre-Harris Benlik Algısı Ölçeği&#039;nden aldıkları aldığı toplam puanlarının ve alt-test puanlarının yükseldiğini göstermiştir. ÖBEP öncesinde kız çocukların kaygı seviyeleri, erkek çocuklara göre daha yüksek bulunmuştur. 10 haftalık ÖBEP müdahalesi sonucunda diğer cinsle karşılaştırıldığında, erkeklerin başarı algısı puanları yükselirken (p &amp;lt; 0.01), kızların davranışsal uyum puanları (p &amp;lt; 0.05) yükselmiştir</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>mild mental retardation</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   physical education</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   self-concept</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="tr">
                                                    <kwd>hafif zihinsel yetersizlik</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   beden eğitimi</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   benlik-algısı</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                            </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Aktuğ, T. (2006). “Ergenlerde akran baskısı ve benlik saygısının incelenmesi”. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Mersin Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Mersin.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Arent, S.M.,Landers D.M., &amp;Etnier J.L. (2000). The effects of exercise on mood in oldera dults: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 8, 407-430.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Aşçı, F. H. (2003). The effects of physical fitnesstraining on trait anxiety and physical selfconcept of female university students. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 4, 255-264.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Azar, D.,Ball, K., Salmon, J., &amp;Cleland, V. (2008). The association between physical activity and depressive symptoms in young women: A review. Mental Health and Physical Activity. 1(2), 82-88.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Baron, L. J. &amp;Faubertb, C. (2005). The role of Tai Chi Chuan in reducing state anxiety and enhancing mood of children with special needs. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies. 9 (2), 120-133</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bashash L, &amp;Latifian M. (2008), Comparison of features of social problem-solving scripts across three groups: educable intellectually disabled, socially poorly adapted, and socially well-adapted students. Psychological Reports. 2008 Oct;103(2):607-618.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Biçer, S.Y. (2000). “Sportif çalışmaların ve oyunların zihinsel özürlü çocuklar üzerindeki etkileri.” Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Fırat Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Elazığ.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Birkeland, M. S.,Torsheim, T., Wold, B. (2009). A longitudinal study of the relationship between leisure-time physical activity and depressed mood among adolescents. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 10 (1), 25-34.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bizman, A. &amp; Yinon, Y. (2002). Social self-discrepancies from own and other stand points and collective self-esteem. The Journal of Social Psychology, 2004, 144(2), 101–113.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Brantley,A. Huebner,E., S., Nagle, R., J. (2002). Multidimensional life satisfaction reports of adolescents with mild mental disabilities. Mental Retardation, 40 (4), 321-329.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Burn, R. (1982). Self-concept development and education. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Cambra C. &amp; Silvestre N. (2003). Students with special educational needs in the inclusive classroom: social integration and self-concept. European Journal of Special Needs Education. 18 (2), 197-208.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Campbell, J.D. (1990). Self-esteem and clarity of the self-concept. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 59(3), Sep 1990, 538-549.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Carmeli E., Tzvia Zinger-Vaknin, Mohammed Morad and Joav Merrick. (2005). Can physical training have an effect on well-being in adults with mild intellectual disability? Mechanizmof Ageing Development. 126(2), 299-304.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Cosden, M., Brown, C., Eliot, K. (2002). The development of self-esteem and self-understanding in children and adults with learning disabilities. Elbaum: London</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Cramm, JM.,Finkenflügel, H., Kuijsten, R., vanExel., NJ. (2009). How employment support and social integration programmesareviewed by the intellectually disabled. Journal of Intellectual Disability Reserch.53(6), 512-20.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Çamlıyer, H. (1995). Eğitilebilir zekâ düzeyindeki çocuklarda hareket eğitiminin algısal gelişim düzeylerine etkileri. Engellilerde Uluslararası Spor Eğitimi Sempozyumu Bildirisi. 26-28 Ekim. Antalya.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Çataklı, M. (1985). “Tranliteral equivalence and eliability of the Turkish version of the piers-harris children’s self-concept scale”. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. İstanbul.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Damentko, M. (2005). Unified sports overview fact sheet and unified sports handbook. Birleştirilmiş Sporlar ve İçeriği. (Çev. Yılmaz,İ.).USA.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Devine, M. (2004). Being a &#039;Doer&#039; Instead of a &#039;Viewer&#039;&quot;: The Role of Inclusive Leisure Contexts in Determining Social Acceptance for People with disability. Journal of Leisure Research. 36(2), 137 – 159.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Dykens E., M., Cohen, D., J. (1996). Effects of special Olympics international on social competence in persons with mental retardation. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 35 (2), 223-229.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">El-Anzi, F. O. (2005). Academic achievement and its relationshipw ith anxiety, self-esteem, optimism, and pessimism in kuwait istudents. Social Behavior &amp;Personality: An International Journal. 33(1), 95-103.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Erdem, N. (2005). Kaynaştırma. Eğitim Güncesi Rehberlik Dergisi. 2, 19-21.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Evans, D. (1999).Development of the self-concept in children with mental retardation: organismic and contextual factors. InJ., A., Burack, R., M.,</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref25">
                        <label>25</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hodapp, E., Zigler. (Eds), Handbook of Mental Retardation and Development (pp. 462-479). UK: Cambridge University Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref26">
                        <label>26</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Frisby, C.L. &amp;Tucker, CM. (1993). Black children&#039;s perceptions of self: Implications for Educators. The Educational Form. 57, 146-156.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref27">
                        <label>27</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Gans AM, Kenny MC, Ghany DL. (2003). Comparing he self-concept of students with and without learning disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities. 36(3), 287-95.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref28">
                        <label>28</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Göde, O. &amp; Alkan, V. (1998). Denizli orta öğretim kurumlarındaki sporcu öğrencilerin derslerindeki ve spor yaşantılarındaki başarılarının karşılaştırılması. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi. 4. 14-21.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref29">
                        <label>29</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Guinn B, Vincent V, Semper T, Jorgensen L. (2000). Activity involvement, goal perspective, and self-esteem among Mexican American adolescents. Research Quarterly for ExerciseandSport. 71, 308–311.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref30">
                        <label>30</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Güçlü, M. Yentür, J. (2008). Milli takım düzeyindeki elit bayan sporcuların kişisel ve sosyal uyum düzeyleri ile bedenlerini algılama düzeylerinin karşılaştırılması. SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. VI (4) 183-192.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref31">
                        <label>31</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Girgin, G. (1990). “Farklı Sosyo Ekonomik Kesimden 13-15 Yaş Grubu Öğrencilerde Kaygı Alanları ve Kaygı Düzeylerinin Başarıyla İlişkisi”. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. İzmir.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref32">
                        <label>32</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hamera, M.,Molloya, G.J., Oliveiraa, C.D., Demakakosa, P. (2009). Leisure time physical activity, risk of depressive symptoms, and inflammatory mediators: The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 34 (7), 1050-1055.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref33">
                        <label>33</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hancock, D. R. (2001). Effects of test anxiety and evaluative threat on students&#039; achievement and motivation. Journal of Educational Research. 94(5), 284 – 290.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref34">
                        <label>34</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hoare, P., Harris, M., Jackson, P., et al(1998). A community survey of children with severe intellectual disability and theirfamilies: psychological adjustment, carer distress and the effect of respite care. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 42, 218–227.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref35">
                        <label>35</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Huitt, W. (1998). Self Concept and Self – Esteem. Educational Psychology Interactive.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref36">
                        <label>36</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">http: //learningdomain.com.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref37">
                        <label>37</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">İlhan, L. (2007). “Eğitilebilir zihinsel engelli çocuklarda beden eğitimi ve spor aktivitelerinin ruhsal uyum düzeylerine etkisi”. Doktora Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref38">
                        <label>38</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">İlhan, L. (2008). Eğitilebilir Zihinsel Engelli Çocuklarda Beden Eğitimi ve Sporun Sosyalleşme Düzeylerine Etkisi. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi. 16(1), 315-324.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref39">
                        <label>39</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Janelle (Eds.), Handbook of sport psychology (2nd ed.,pp. 740-765). New York: John Wiley&amp;Sons.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref40">
                        <label>40</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Johnson CC. (2009). The benefits of physical activity for youth with developmental disabilities: a systematic review. Amarican Journalof Health Promotoin. 23(3), 157-67.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref41">
                        <label>41</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Karakaya, I. (2005). Zihinsel engelli çocukların eğitimi. Eğitim Güncesi Rehberlik Dergisi. 4.15.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref42">
                        <label>42</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Karakaya, I., Coşkun, A., Ağaoğlu, B. (2006). Yüzücülerin depresyon, benlik saygısı ve kaygı düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 7, 162-166.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref43">
                        <label>43</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kelly N, &amp;Norwich B. (2004). Pupils&#039; perceptions of self and of labels: moderate learning difficulties in mainstream and special schools. The British Journal of Educational Psychology. 74(3), 411-435.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref44">
                        <label>44</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Keskin, G. &amp; Sezgin, B. (2009). Bir grup ergende akademik başarı durumuna etki eden etmenlerin. belirlenmesi. Fırat Sağlık Hizmetleri Dergisi. 4 (10), 3-18.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref45">
                        <label>45</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kılıç, E &amp; Karadeniz, Ş. (2004). Cinsiyet ve Öğrenme Stilinin Gezinme Stratejisi ve Başarıya Etkisi. Gazi Üniversitesi, Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 24 (3), 129-146.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref46">
                        <label>46</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Korkmaz, N.H. (2007). Yaz Spor Okulları İle Çocukların Benlik Saygısı Arasındaki İlişki. Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi XX (1), 49-65.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref47">
                        <label>47</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Koster, M.,Timmerman, M. E., Nakken, H., Pijl, S.J. &amp;Houten, E. J. (2009). Evaluating social participation of pupils with specialneeds in regular primary schools: examination of a teacher questionnaire. European Journal of Psychological Assessment. 25(4), 213-222.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref48">
                        <label>48</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Krebs, P. (2005). Adapted Physical Education and Sport. Fourth Edition. (Editor: Winnick, J.). Chapter 11. Intellectual Disabilities. Human Kinetics. ISBN: 0-7360-5216-X. State University. New York. p.:140.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref49">
                        <label>49</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Landers D.M.,Arent S.M. (2001). Physical activity and mentalhealth. In R.N. Singer, H.A. Hausenblas, &amp; C.M.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref50">
                        <label>50</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Lauren G. Wild., Alan J. Flisher., ArvinBhana. Carl Lombard. (2004). Associations among adolescent risk behaviours and self-esteem in six domains. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 45/8), 1454-1467.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref51">
                        <label>51</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Lindsay G., Dockrell J. (2000). The behaviourand self-esteem of children with specific speech and language difficulties. British Journal of Educational Psychology.70 (4), 583-601(19).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref52">
                        <label>52</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Loland, N.W. (1998). Body image and physical activity: A survey among norwegian men and female. International Journal of Sport Psychology. 29, 339-365.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref53">
                        <label>53</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">MacMahon, JR, Gross RT. (1987). Physical and psychological effects of aerobic exercise in boys with learning disabilities. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics. 8 (5), 274-277.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref54">
                        <label>54</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Maïano C, Bégarie J, Morin AJ, Ninot G. (2009) Assessment of physical self-concept in adolescents with intellectual disability: content and factor validity of the very Short Form of the Physical Self-Inventory. Journal of Autism Developmental Disorders.;39 (5), 775-787.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref55">
                        <label>55</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Mazzoni, ER.,Purves, PL., Southward, J., Rhodes, RE., Temple, VA. (2009). Effect of indoor wall climbing on self-efficacy and self-perceptions of children with special needs. Adapted Physical Activity Quartely.;26 (3), 259-73.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref56">
                        <label>56</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">McAuley E, Blissmer B, Katula J, Duncan TE, Mihalko SL. (2000). Physical activity, self-esteem, and self-efficacy relationships in older adults: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Behav Med. 22(2):131-139.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref57">
                        <label>57</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Moros, MT.,Ruidiaz, M., Caballero, A., Serrano, E., Martínez, V., Tres, A. (2010). Effects of an exercise training program on the quality of life of women with breastcancer on chemotherapy. Revista Medica de Chilie. 138(6), 715-722.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref58">
                        <label>58</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ninot,G.,Bilard,J., Delignieres, D., Sokolowski, M. ( 2000). Effects of integrated sport participation on perceived competence for adolescents with mental retardation. AdaptedPhysical ActivityQuarterly, 17 (2), 208-221.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref59">
                        <label>59</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ök, M. (1990). “13-15 Yaş Grubu Ortaöğretim Öğrencilerinde Kaygı Düzeyi”. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal bilimler Enstitüsü. İzmir.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref60">
                        <label>60</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Öner, N. (1996). Piers-Harris Çocuklarda Öz-Kavramı Ölçeği El Kitabı. Ankara: Türk Psikologlar Derneği.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref61">
                        <label>61</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Öner, U. (1987). Benlik gelişimine ilişkin kuramlar.(Ed. B. Onur), Ergenlik Psikolojisi, II. Basım, Ankara: Hacettepe Taş Kitapçılık.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref62">
                        <label>62</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Öy, B.,İlgen, R., Ekmekçi, A., Türkmen, M., Yılmaz, N., Başoğlu, N. (1995). Çocuklar İçin Durumluk- Sürekli Kaygı Envanterinin İlkokul ve Ortaokul Öğrencilerine Uygulanması.Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi. 2(2), 76-81.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref63">
                        <label>63</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Özcan Candangil, S. &amp; Ceyhan, A. A., (2006). Denetim Odakları Farklı Lise Öğrencilerinin Bazı Kişisel Özelliklerine Göre Karar Vermede Öz-Saygı ve Stres Düzeyleri. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 6 (2), 71-88.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref64">
                        <label>64</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Özusta H.Ş. (1995). Çocuklar için durumlu-sürekli kaygı envanteri uyarlama, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması, Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 10(34), 32-44.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref65">
                        <label>65</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Pamphlett, R. &amp;Farnill, D. (1995). Effect of anxiety on performance in multiple choice examination. The Journal of Social Psychology. 29(4), 297-302.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref66">
                        <label>66</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Pedersen, S. &amp;Seidman, E. (2004). Team sports achievement and self esteem development among urban adolescent girls. Psychology of Women Quarterly.28(4), 412-422.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref67">
                        <label>67</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Po-Wen Ku, Fox, K.R.,Chen, L. (2009). Physical activity and depressive symptoms in Taiwanese older adults: A seven-year follow-upstudy. Preventive Medicine. 48 (3), 250-255.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref68">
                        <label>68</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Rogers, C.R. (1951). “Client-CenteredT herapy”. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref69">
                        <label>69</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Rosenberg, M. (1986). Conceiving The Self. Florida: Krieger Publishing Company.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref70">
                        <label>70</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sarı, H.Y.&amp; Altıparmak, S. (2008). Ebe ve hemşirelerin zihinsel engelli çocuklarla ilgili bilgileri. Koruyucu Hekimlik. 7 (2), 127-132.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref71">
                        <label>71</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sarı, M. &amp;Cenkseven, F. (2008). İlköğretim öğrencilerinde okul yaşam kalitesi ve benlik kavramı. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi [Bağlantıda]. 5:2. Erişim: http://www.insanbilimleri.com.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref72">
                        <label>72</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Savucu, Y. &amp; Biçer S.Y. (2009). Zihinsel engellilerde fiziksel aktivitelerin önemi. Türkiye Klinikleri Journal Of SportScience. 1(2), 117-122.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref73">
                        <label>73</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Shields, N.,Murdoch, A., Loy, Y., Dodd, KJ., Taylor, NF. (2006). A systematic review of the self-concept of childrenwithcerebralpalsycomparedwithchildrenwithoutdisability.DeveleopmantalMedicine Child Neurology. 48(2), 151-157.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref74">
                        <label>74</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Shields, N.,Taylor, NF., Dodd, KJ. (2008). Self-concept in childrenwithspinabifidacomparedwithtypicallydevelopingchildren.DevelopmentalMedicine Child Neurology. 50 (10), 733-743.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref75">
                        <label>75</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Smith, D.S. &amp;Nagle, R.J. (1995) Self-perceptions and social comparisons among children with LD. Journal of LearningDisabilities.28 (6), 364-371.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref76">
                        <label>76</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sümer, N. &amp;Anafarta-Şendağ, M. (2009). Orta çocukluk döneminde ebeveynlere bağlanma, benlik algısı ve kaygı. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 24, 86- 101.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref77">
                        <label>77</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Yavuzer, H. (2003).Çocuk Psikolojisi. 24. Basım. İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
