int. online j. prim. educ. International Online Journal of Primary Education 1300-915X Oğuz SERİN 10.55020/iojpe.1808823 Primary Education İlköğretim EXPLORING VIETNAMESE PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS’ KNOWLEDGE, EXPERIENCES, AND PERSPECTIVES IN CLIL IMPLEMENTATION https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8226-3650 Bui Le Anh Phuong National Dong Hwa University https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7719-5085 Liu Wei-Yu National Dong Hwa University 03 31 2026 15 1 1 18 10 22 2025 02 18 2026 Copyright © 2012, International Online Journal of Primary Education 2012 International Online Journal of Primary Education

In Vietnam, content and language integrated learning (CLIL) has been introduced as an innovative approach to simultaneously develop elementary students’ language skills and academic subject knowledge. This study aims to investigate elementary teachers’ knowledge, experiences, and perspectives on CLIL implementation in Vietnam. Employing a mixed-methods design, this study administered a questionnaire comprising 20 five-point Likert-scale items to 100 teachers in the pilot phase and 183 teachers in the main phase, and conducted individual interviews with six teachers using nine open-ended questions. The findings reveal that although teachers possessed basic insights, relevant experience, and positive perspectives on CLIL (with mean scores exceeding 3.6), they faced several challenges related to professional development, collaboration and administrative support, and disparities in students’ language proficiency. In addition, teachers’ knowledge and experience were positively associated with their perspectives on CLIL (r = .68, p < .001; r = .52, p < .001, respectively), with knowledge emerging as a significant predictor (β = .62, p < .001), and a positive trend was observed between teachers’ language proficiency and their attitudes toward CLIL. Based on the participants’ responses, this study proposes several suggestions concerning training programmes, cooperation, and administrative support to enhance the effectiveness of CLIL implementation in Vietnamese elementary schools.

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