هذه رسالة للإمام الفقيه، رافعِ لواء
الشرع في زمانه، والمعدودِ من المجدّدين على رأس المئة العاشرة الهجريّة، الإمام حُسَام
جَلَبِي. جَمَعَ فيها متفرّقاتِ المسائل التي سُئِلَ عنها فيما يُحتاج إليه من
أحكام الغناء واللّهو وضَرْبِ القَضِيب والرقص والإنشاء والسماع والوجد وما شابه
ذلك، وقد أبدع المؤلّف في ترتيبها وعرضها بطريقة ترفع العسر عن المستفتي
والمستفيد. فتناول في هذه الرسالة العلميَّة الموضوعَ من جميع جوانبه بإسهاب في
رقص
المتصوّفة عامّةً،
وعَرْضٍ لمختلف الآراء، وتأييدٍ بالاستدلالات، ومناقشاتٍ وترجيحاتٍ. وقد تكلّم في
أثناء الرسالة عن الخبر المتواتر والمشهور والآحاد، ثمّ قدّم أحكامًا تفصيليّةً فيمن
يُنكرون إجماع الصحابة، وقد بلغت أهميّة هذه الرسالة أن كانت مصدرًا لغيرها، ككتاب
ردّ المحتار لابن عابدين وجَلاَءِ الْعَيْنَيْنِ للآلُوسِي. وهذه الرسالة
هي دراسة نموذجيّة تتناول الرقص والذكر الجهريّ عند الصوفيّة. وقد خلُص المؤلّف
إلى أنّ الذكر والرقص الذي يفعله الصوفيّة جائزٌ.
One of the major debates related to Islamic law in the Ottoman period was about dancing with music, as practiced by some Sufi communities. Regarded as a religious ritual, this tradition became popular among the statesmen and the public. It was therefore deemed important to know the Islamic legal verdict of the practice. As a matter of fact, Ottoman sultans insisted that the legal aspect of dancing be studied by jurists. Scholarly opinions about the issue could be divided into three: The ritual could be permissible, or disliked (makrūh), or forbidden (ḥarām). Hüsam Çelebi (d. 926/1520), who had served as a mudarris and judge in various institutions of the Ottoman state, was among those to consider it permissible.
This study deals with the epistle of Hüsam Çelebi, Risāla fī raqṣ al-mutaṣawwifa, about the ceremonies of the Sufis. In the epistle, Hüsam Çelebi attempts to answer various questions about the ritual. The fact that famous scholars benefited from the work by quoting it extensively and reproducing it in manuscript form testifies to its significance. Although some sources mention that Çelebi opposed the ritual, this does not reflect his position. On the contrary, he supported the practice and embraced a moderate attitude toward Sufis.
The author benefited from about twenty-nine sources in the fields of fiqh, fatwā, tafsīr, ḥadīth, kalām and taṣawwuf. In order to compare the opinions of religious and scholarly groups, he made use of primary and secondary sources. Additionally, he answered questions that he anticipated people might ask.
It is noteworthy that the author prefers the word “raqṣ,” which has negative connotations, as opposed to “samā‘,” a concept widely used in tasawwuf literature. Nevertheless, the author emphasizes the permissibility of ceremonial Sufi practices, despite their outward resemblance of mundane actions like dancing and singing.
In general, Hüsam Çelebi embraces a moderate approach to the subject, and criticizes those who treat it as a theological problem by excommunicating their opponents. He maintains that such treatment placed individual reasoning (ijtihād) in peril.
The study is based on a non-dated manuscript with the archive number 19 HK 864/2, found in Çorum Hasan Paşa İl Halk Kütüphanesi (Çorum Hasan Paşa Public Library). The first and final pages of the manuscript note that it is an original copy, written by Hüsam Çelebi, the judge of Edirne, himself.
Bu makale Osmanlı Devleti’nin çeşitli
kurumlarında müderrislik ve kadılık görevi yapmış olan Hüsam Çelebi’nin (ö.
926/1520), sûfîlerin dînî ayinleriyle ilgili kaleme aldığı Risâle fî raksi’l-mutasavvife
adlı eserini ele almaktadır. Eserde sûfîlerin zikirleri esnasında icrâ
ettikleri birtakım ritüellerin İslam dininde hükmünün ne olduğuna detaylı
olarak cevap verilmektedir. Bu risaleden bazı meşhur âlimlerin alıntılar
yaparak istifade etmeleri ve risalenin birkaç defa istinsah yoluyla
çoğaltılması, söz konusu risalenin tahkik yapılacak kadar önemli olduğunu
gösterir. Ayrıca bazı kaynaklarda söz konusu müellifin sûfî ritüellere karşı
çıktığı ve olumsuz cevaplar verdiği de zikredilmiştir. Hâlbuki müellif bu
konulara karşı çıkmamış, bilakis desteklemiş ve mutasavvıflara ılımlı baktığını
bu eserle göstermiştir. Müellif, konuyu incelerken fıkıh, fetva, tefsir, hadis,
kelam ve tasavvuf alanında kaleme alınmış yirminin üzerinde kaynaktan
yararlanmıştır. Konunun mezhepler arası mukayesesini yapmak için de ilgili
mezheplerin temel ve muteber kaynaklarından istifade etmiştir.
Hüsâm Çelebi Risâle fî raksi’l-mutasavvife Mutasavvıf Gına Raks Darb-ı Kadîb Oyun Eğlence Tekfir
Primary Language | Arabic |
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Subjects | Religious Studies |
Journal Section | Makaleler |
Authors | |
Publication Date | January 31, 2019 |
Published in Issue | Year 2019 Issue: 41 |