THEORETICAL PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF A PARABOLIC TROUGH HUMIDIFYING SOLAR COLLECTOR-BASED SOLAR STILL

Abstract

In this paper, a parabolic trough humidifying solar collector-based solar still (PHSC-SS) is proposed. Its purpose is to apply some important performance improvement techniques to the flat plate humidifying solar collector-based solar still (flat plate HSC-SS), to significantly improve overall system performance. These included the use of parabolic trough solar concentrators and the design of humidifying solar collectors from evacuated tube collectors. The results reveal that, unlike flat plate HSC-SS, which must operate with a turbulent airflow regime to achieve optimum overall performance, PHSC-SS must operate with a laminar airflow regime and high inlet and outlet temperatures of air (at least 55 °C and less than 100 °C, at atmospheric pressure) in the heat collector element. For 900 W/m2 of incident solar irradiance, 2 m2 of solar collector area, and 0,00042 kg/s of air flow rate, the maximum energy efficiency, exergy efficiency and daily freshwater productivity of PHSC-SS were found to be 68,12%, 14,87% and 1,697 kg/h, respectively. Whereas for the same incident solar irradiance and solar collector area, and 0,1 kg/s of air flow rate, those of the flat plat HSC-SS were 72,9%, 1,12%, and between 1,07 – 2,923 kg/h (for inlet and outlet temperatures of air less than 30 °C, at atmospheric pressure), respectively. Although in some extreme cases freshwater productivity of flat plate HSC-SS can be higher than that of PHSC-SS, it should be noted that laminar airflow regime confers great advantages to PHSC-SS. These are higher air temperatures at condenser inlet (which ease water condensation process), no need of an auxiliary cooling device (needed in the flat plate HSC-SS), less mechanical vibrations of system, reduced condenser size, and less energy consumed by air blowers. Furthermore, the upper limit of the PHSC-SS is a PHSC-SS that operates without air flow, but rather by vaporization of water droplets at boiling point from absorber, followed by their suction to condenser, similarly to a flash evaporation.

Keywords

• seawater desalination
• parabolic trough humidifying solar collector
• heat collector element
• energy efficiency
• exergy efficiency

Ethical Statement

We declare that this paper is original, has not been published before and is not currently being considered for publication elsewhere. We have no known conflicts of interest or financial support associated to this publication. No AI or AI-assisted technologies were used in the writing process of this manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final version submitted.

PARABOLİK OLUKLU NEMLENDİRİCİ GÜNEŞ KOLLEKTÖRÜ BAZLI GÜNEŞ ENERJİLİ DESALİNASYON SİSTEMİNİN TEORİK PERFORMANS DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Abstract

Bu makalede, parabolik oluklu nemlendirici güneş kolektörü bazlı güneş enerjili desalinasyon sistemi (PHSC-SS) önerilmektedir. Amacı, bazı önemli performans iyileştirme tekniklerini düz plaka nemlendirici güneş kolektörü bazlı desalinasyon sistemine (düz plaka HSC-SS) uygulamaktır. Genel sistem performansını önemli ölçüde iyileştirmek içindir. Bunlar arasında parabolik oluklu güneş yoğunlaştırıcılarının kullanımı ve nemlendirici güneş kolektörlerinin tahliye borulu kolektörlerden tasarlanması yer almaktadır. Sonuçlar, optimum genel performans elde etmek için türbülanslı bir hava akışı rejimiyle çalışması gereken düz plakalı HSC-SS'nin aksine, PHSC-SS'nin laminer bir hava akışı rejimiyle ve ısı kolektörü elemanında yüksek hava giriş ve çıkış sıcaklıklarıyla (atmosferik basınçta en az 55 °C ve 100 °C'den düşük) çalışması gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır. 900 W/m2 gelen güneş ışınımı, 2 m2 güneş kolektörü alanı ve 0,00042 kg/s hava akış hızı için PHSC-SS'nin maksimum enerji verimi, ekserji verimi ve tatlı su üretkenliği sırasıyla %68,12, %14,87 ve 1.697 kg/saat olarak bulunmuştur. Aynı gelen güneş ışınımı, güneş kolektörü alanı, ve 0,1 kg/s hava akış hızı için düz plakalı HSC-SS'nin elde edilen değerleri sırasıyla %72,9, %1,12 ve atmosferik basınçta 30 °C'den düşük hava giriş ve çıkış sıcaklıkları için 1,07 - 2,923 kg/saat arasında olarak bulunmuştur. Bazı aşırı durumlarda düz plakalı HSC-SS'nin tatlı su verimliliği, PHSC-SS'den daha yüksek olsa da, laminer hava akımı rejiminin PHSC-SS'ye büyük avantajlar sağladığı belirtilmelidir. Bunlar, kondenser girişindeki daha yüksek hava sıcaklıkları (suyun yoğuşma işlemi kolaylaştırması), yardımcı bir soğutma cihazına gerek olmaması (düz plakalı HSC-SS'te gereklidir), sistemin daha az mekanik titreşimi, kondenser boyutunun küçülmesi ve hava üfleyiciler tarafından daha az enerji tüketilmesidir. Ayrıca, PHSC-SS'nin üst sınırı, hava akışı olmadan çalışan bir PHSC-SS'dir. Bu sistem, kaynama noktasındaki su damlacıklarının absorberden buharlaştırılması ve ardından kondensere emilmesi ile çalışmaktadır. Bu, bir flaş buharlaşmaya benzemektedir.

Keywords

• deniz suyu desalinasyonu
• parabolik oluklu nemlendirici güneş kolektörü
• ısı toplayıcı elemanı
• enerji verimliliği
• ekserji verimliliği

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