The Middle-Income Trap: Evidences from Fragile Five Economies

Year 2019, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 332 - 344, 30.03.2019

Gökhan Karhan

https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.499976

Cited By: 3

Abstract

In general, the term growth
is associated with high income, whereas the term development is associated with
low and middle income countries. However, the concept of middle income trap causes
new discussions in the growth and development literature. Theoretical and
empirical studies in economic theory show that the low income countries have
remained in a specific income range for many years. This study was carried out
to reveal whether the economies of Brasil, India, Indonesia, South Africa and
Turkey, which were called the fragile five in the years between 1968-2017, had
fallen into the middle income trap or not with the help of unit root test. Results
of the unit root test show that the fragile economies had fallen into the middle
income trap in that period.  

Keywords

Economic Growth, Middle Income Trap, Panel Unit Root Tests, Fragile Five Countries., Economy

Orta Gelir Tuzağı: Kırılgan Beşli Ekonomilerinden Kanıtlar

Abstract

Genel olarak, büyüme terimi yüksek gelirle, kalkınma terimi
ise düşük ve orta gelirli ülkelerle ilişkilidir. Ancak, orta gelir tuzağı
kavramı, büyüme ve kalkınma literatüründe yeni tartışmalara neden olmaktadır.
İktisat teorisindeki teorik ve ampirik çalışmalar, düşük gelirli ülkelerin uzun
yıllar boyunca belirli bir gelir aralığında kaldığını göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada,
1968-2017 yılları arasında kırılgan beşli olarak adlandırılan Brezilya,
Hindistan, Endonezya, Güney Afrika ve Türkiye ekonomilerinin, orta gelir tuzağına
düşüp düşmediği birim kök testi yardımıyla araştırılmıştır. Birim kök testi
sonuçları, kırılgan ekonomilerin bu süre zarfında orta gelir tuzağına düştüğünü
göstermektedir.               

Keywords

Ekonomik Büyüme, Orta Gelir Tuzağı, Panel Birim Kök Testleri, Kırılgan Beşli Ülkeleri, Ekonomi

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