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Prophethood and Prophets in Judaism

Year 2014, Volume: 3 Issue: 4, 676 - 695, 17.11.2014
https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.79806

Abstract

The institution of prophethood carries the function of the relationship between God and humankind. It is one of the essential institutions in Judaism. According to Judaism, it is not enough to get inspiration from the divine, but, in addition, there is must be divinely order to spread the message. In Judaism Prophet Moses keeps the most privileged place among the Jewish prophets, who preceded and succeeded him. Among the prophets who came before Moses, Torah uses the expression of navi only for Abraham. The prophethood of the other prophets from this period was mentioned in rabbinic sources. Besides, Jewish sources mention that there were prophets from non-Jews in pre-Mosaic period. The sections of Neviim and Ketubim from the Tanah contain the writings of the prophets. Those all were after Moses and followed him in the message. Judaism accepts the woman as prophet; there were seven female prophets. Malachi is the last prophet in Judaism.

References

  • Bratsiotis, “’Ish”, Theological Dictionary of the Old Testamen , (ed.) Johannes Botterweck, Helmer Ringgren, Heinz-Joseph Fabry, I, 222-235.
  • Fuhs, “Ra’a”, Theological Dictionary of the Old Testamen , (ed.) Johannes Botterweck, Helmer Ringgren, Heinz-Joseph Fabry, XIII, 208-242.
  • Howard Kreisel, Prophecy: the history of an idea in medieval Jewish philosophy, Dordrecht: Kluwer, 2001.
  • Jepsen, “Chazah”, Theological Dictionary of the Old Testamen , (ed.) Johannes Botterweck, Helmer Ringgren, Heinz-Joseph Fabry, IV, 280-290.
  • Joseph Blenkinsopp, A history of prophecy in Israel, Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1996.
  • Midrash Rabbah, (ed.) H.Friedman, Maurice Simon, London: Soncino Press, 1939.
  • Midrash Tanhuma I, (tr.) John T. Townsend, New Jersey: Ktav, 1989.
  • Moses Maimonides, The guide for the perplexed, (tr.) M. Friedlander, 2. bsk., New York: Dover, 1956.
  • Musa ibn Meymun el-Kurtubi, Delâletü’l-hâirîn, (thk.) Hüseyin Atay, Kahire: Mektebetü's-Sekâfeti'd-Diniyye.
  • Mustafa Sinanoğlu, Kitab-i Mukaddes ve Kuran-ı Kerimde Nübüvvet, MÜİF, yayınlanmamış doktora tezi, 1995.
  • Müller, “Nabi”, Theological Dictionary of the Old Testamen , (ed.) Johannes Botterweck, Helmer Ringgren, Heinz-Joseph Fabry, IX, 129-150.
  • Nahum M. Sarna, “Bible”, Encylopaedia Judaica, 814-836.
  • Ömer Faruk Harman, “Yahudilikte peygamberlik ve peygamberler”, İslam Tetkikleri Dergisi, IX, 127-161.
  • Pedersen, Johannes, Israel- its life and culture II, Atlanta: Scholar Press, 1991.
  • Ramban-Nachmanides, Commentary on the Torah: Bereishis II, Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2005.
  • Robert Carroll, “Prophecy and Society”, The world of ancient Israel, (ed.) Ronald Ernest Clements, Cambridge University Press, 1989, 203-225.
  • Robert P. Gordon, The place is too small for us: the Israelite prophets in recent scholarship, Eisenbrauns, 1995.
  • Ronald Clements, Prophecy and tradition, Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1975.
  • Ronald E. Clements, Prophecy and covenant, SCM Press, 1965.
  • Seder Olam: The rabbinic view of Biblical chronology, (tr.) Heinrich W. Guggenheimer, Jason Aronson Inc, 1998.
  • Shalom M. Paul, “Prophets and Prophecy”, Encyclopaedia Judaica, XIII, 1150-1175.
  • Steven Wilf, The Law before the Law, Lexington Books, 2008.
  • Tanna debe Eliyyahu: the lore of the school of Elijah, (tr.) William Braude, Israel Kapstein, Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1981.
  • The Torah with Rashi’s Commentary I: Bereishis/Genesis, Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1995.
  • Walther Eichrodt, Theology of the Old Testament I, (tr.) J.A. Baker, Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1961.
  • Walther Zimmerli, The law and the prophets: a study of the meaning of the Old Testament, Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1965.
  • Yehezkel Kaufmann, History of the religion of Israel IV: from the Babyilonian captivity to the end of prophecy, New York: Ktav, 1977.
  • Yehezkel Kaufmann, The religion of Israel from its beginnings to the Babylonian exile, (tr.) Moshe Greenberg, (London: George Allen and Unwin, 1961.

Yahudilikte Peygamberlik ve Peygamberler

Year 2014, Volume: 3 Issue: 4, 676 - 695, 17.11.2014
https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.79806

Abstract

Peygamberlik müessesesi Tanrıyla insanlar arasındaki irtibatı gerçekleştirme fonksiyonu taşımaktadır. Yahudi geleneğinde de nübüvvet temel müesseselerdendir. Yahudiliğe göre peygamber olmak için ilahi katmanlarla irtibatta olmak yeterli olmayıp Tanrı tarafından tebliğ vazifesiyle görevlendirilmiş olması gerekmektedir. Yahudi peygamberlik müessesesinde Hz. Musa’nın müstesna yeri olmakla birlikte önce ve sonra da peygamberlerin olduğu kabul edilir. Tevrat, Hz. Musa’dan önceki peygamberlerden sadece Hz. İbrahim hakkında nebi ifadesini kullanmıştır. Bu döneme ait diğer peygamberlerin nübüvvetleri ise rabbinik kaynaklarla sabittir. Ayrıca, Hz. Musa’dan önce diğer uluslardan da peygamber geldiği Yahudi kaynaklarında geçmektedir. Tanah’ın Neviim ve Ketuvim bölümleri peygamberlerin yazılarını ihtiva etmektedir. Burada bahsedilenlerin tamamı Hz. Musa’dan sonra yaşamı ve onun getirdiği şeriatın tebliğcisi olmuşlardır. Yahudilikte kadınların da peygamber olabileceği kabul edilir; yedi kadın peygamber vardır. En son peygamber Malaki’dir.

References

  • Bratsiotis, “’Ish”, Theological Dictionary of the Old Testamen , (ed.) Johannes Botterweck, Helmer Ringgren, Heinz-Joseph Fabry, I, 222-235.
  • Fuhs, “Ra’a”, Theological Dictionary of the Old Testamen , (ed.) Johannes Botterweck, Helmer Ringgren, Heinz-Joseph Fabry, XIII, 208-242.
  • Howard Kreisel, Prophecy: the history of an idea in medieval Jewish philosophy, Dordrecht: Kluwer, 2001.
  • Jepsen, “Chazah”, Theological Dictionary of the Old Testamen , (ed.) Johannes Botterweck, Helmer Ringgren, Heinz-Joseph Fabry, IV, 280-290.
  • Joseph Blenkinsopp, A history of prophecy in Israel, Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1996.
  • Midrash Rabbah, (ed.) H.Friedman, Maurice Simon, London: Soncino Press, 1939.
  • Midrash Tanhuma I, (tr.) John T. Townsend, New Jersey: Ktav, 1989.
  • Moses Maimonides, The guide for the perplexed, (tr.) M. Friedlander, 2. bsk., New York: Dover, 1956.
  • Musa ibn Meymun el-Kurtubi, Delâletü’l-hâirîn, (thk.) Hüseyin Atay, Kahire: Mektebetü's-Sekâfeti'd-Diniyye.
  • Mustafa Sinanoğlu, Kitab-i Mukaddes ve Kuran-ı Kerimde Nübüvvet, MÜİF, yayınlanmamış doktora tezi, 1995.
  • Müller, “Nabi”, Theological Dictionary of the Old Testamen , (ed.) Johannes Botterweck, Helmer Ringgren, Heinz-Joseph Fabry, IX, 129-150.
  • Nahum M. Sarna, “Bible”, Encylopaedia Judaica, 814-836.
  • Ömer Faruk Harman, “Yahudilikte peygamberlik ve peygamberler”, İslam Tetkikleri Dergisi, IX, 127-161.
  • Pedersen, Johannes, Israel- its life and culture II, Atlanta: Scholar Press, 1991.
  • Ramban-Nachmanides, Commentary on the Torah: Bereishis II, Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2005.
  • Robert Carroll, “Prophecy and Society”, The world of ancient Israel, (ed.) Ronald Ernest Clements, Cambridge University Press, 1989, 203-225.
  • Robert P. Gordon, The place is too small for us: the Israelite prophets in recent scholarship, Eisenbrauns, 1995.
  • Ronald Clements, Prophecy and tradition, Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1975.
  • Ronald E. Clements, Prophecy and covenant, SCM Press, 1965.
  • Seder Olam: The rabbinic view of Biblical chronology, (tr.) Heinrich W. Guggenheimer, Jason Aronson Inc, 1998.
  • Shalom M. Paul, “Prophets and Prophecy”, Encyclopaedia Judaica, XIII, 1150-1175.
  • Steven Wilf, The Law before the Law, Lexington Books, 2008.
  • Tanna debe Eliyyahu: the lore of the school of Elijah, (tr.) William Braude, Israel Kapstein, Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1981.
  • The Torah with Rashi’s Commentary I: Bereishis/Genesis, Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1995.
  • Walther Eichrodt, Theology of the Old Testament I, (tr.) J.A. Baker, Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1961.
  • Walther Zimmerli, The law and the prophets: a study of the meaning of the Old Testament, Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1965.
  • Yehezkel Kaufmann, History of the religion of Israel IV: from the Babyilonian captivity to the end of prophecy, New York: Ktav, 1977.
  • Yehezkel Kaufmann, The religion of Israel from its beginnings to the Babylonian exile, (tr.) Moshe Greenberg, (London: George Allen and Unwin, 1961.
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Eldar Hasanov

Publication Date November 17, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2014 Volume: 3 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Hasanov, E. (2014). Yahudilikte Peygamberlik ve Peygamberler. İnsan Ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(4), 676-695. https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.79806

Cited By

Peygamber Kavramının Din Sosyolojisi Açısından Tahlili
Din ve Bilim - Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi İslami İlimler Fakültesi Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.47145/dinbil.1192032

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