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PLATON’DA VE PLATON ÖNCESİ METİNLERDE MİMESİS

Year 2017, Issue: 8, 9 - 34, 30.07.2017

Abstract

Estetiğin önemli kavramlarından biri Greklerde karşılaştığımız mimesistir ve Greklerde bu kavramın geniş bir kullanımı vardır; yani salt estetik bir içerikte karşımıza çıkmaz. Mimesisi ve mimetik etkinlikleri, örneğin şiiri önemli bir felsefi tartışma konusu yapan ise birçok konuda olduğu gibi Platon olmuştur. Çünkü Platon için birçok şey mimesis ile ilgilidir, kelimeler, sözler, yasalar v.s.nin mimesis ile bir şekilde ilişkisi vardır. Hatta mimesis karakterle de ilgilidir; örneğin bir mimetik etkinlik olan şiir, insanın karakterini etkileyen, şekillendiren bir güce sahiptir. Bu nedenle Platon Devlet’in 2. ve 3. Kitabında şiirin iyi bir eğitim yolunda kullanılması gerektiğini düşünür. Ama 10 Kitaba geldiğinde şairleri ideal şehrinden sürgün eder. Ancak Platon’un şairleri bu sürgün edişi, mimetik etkinlikleri değersiz gördüğü anlamına gelmez; çünkü Platon’un diyalogları da bir tür mimetik etkinliktir, bu diyaloglarda Platon bir şair olarak karşımıza çıkar ve duyusal dünyada yaşayan bir filozof olarak duyusal etkinlikler içerisinde hakikat ile ilişki kurar. Platon bu gergin ilişki ile felsefesini örer ve bu felsefe içerisinde mimesisi hakikat ile, ideal dünyanın formları ile özsel bir ilişki içerisine sokmaya çalışır. O halde onun için sorun mimesis ve mimetik etkinliklerle değil, mimesisi hakikatle bağlayacak bir erdeme, bilgiye sahip olmakla ilgilidir. Kişiler mimesisi iyi ve kötü diyebileceğimiz, iyileştirici ve hasta edici yollarla ele alabilir, işleyebilirler. Platon’un mimesise yönelik değerlendirmeleri özellikle bu ikili ilişki içerisinde karşımıza çıkar.

References

  • Curran, A. 2016. Aristotle and the Poetics, London & New York: Routledge.
  • Destree, P. and Murray, P. 2015. “What Is ‘Ancient Aesthetics’?”, A Companion to Ancient Aesthetics. ed. Pierre Destree and Penelope Murray, Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Else, G. F. 1958. “‘Imitation’ in the Fifth Century”, Classical Philology, LIII (2).
  • Else, G. F. 1986. Plato and Aristotle on Poetry, ed. with Int. and Notes P. Burian, London: The University of North Caroline Press.
  • Gadamer, H. G. 2013. Truth and Method, tran. revised by J. Weinsheimer and D. G. Marshall, London, New York: Bloomsbury.
  • Golden, L. 1975. “Plato’s Concept of Mimesis”. The British Journal of Aesthetics, 15(2).
  • Halliwell, S. 1986. Aristotle’s Poetics. London: Duckworth.
  • Halliwell, S. 2002. The Aesthetics of Mimesis: Ancient Texts and Modern Problems, Princeton & Oxford: Princeton University Press.
  • Havelock, E. A. 1963. Preface to Plato. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
  • Marrison, K.F. 1982. The Mimetic Tradition of Reform in the West, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • McKeon, R., “Literary Criticism and the Concept of Imitation in Antiquity”. Critics and Criticism, Ancient and Modern. ed. R. S. Crane, Chicago: The University of Chigago Press, 1952.
  • Melberg, A. 1995. Theories of Mimesis, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Nehamas, A. 1982. “Plato on Imitation and Poetry in Republic 10”, Plato on beauty, wisdom and the arts, ed. J.M.E., Moravcsik, P. Temko, Totowa, N.J.: Rowman&Littlefield.
  • Pappas, N. 2001. “Aristotle”. The Routledge Companion to Aesthetics, ed. B. Gaut and D. M. Lopes, London&New York: Routledge.
  • Peters, F.E. 2004. Antik Yunan Felsefesi Terimleri Sözlüğü, haz. ve Çev. H. Hünler, Paradigma: İstanbul Yay.
  • Plato. 1942. The Republic, tr. P. Shorey, Cambridge/Massachusets: Harvard University Press.
  • Plato. 1997. Republic, tr. G. M. A. Grube; revised by C.D.C. Reeve, Complete Works, ed. int. and notes J. M. Cooper and ass. ed. D.S. Hutchinson, Indianopolis: Cambridge &Hackett Publishing içinde.
  • Plato. 1997a. Sofist, tr. N. P. White, Plato: Complete Works. Platon. 2010. Devlet. çev. S. Eyüboğlu-M. A. Cimcoz, İstanbul: İş Bankası.
  • Rockmore, T. 2013. Art and Ttuth after Plato, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Sörbom, G. 1966. Mimesis and Art: Studies in the Origin and Early Development of an Aesthetic Vocabulary, Stockholm: Svenska Bokförlaget.
  • Tate, J. 1928. “Imitation in Plato’s Rebuplic”. Classic Quarterly, XXII.
  • Tate, J. 1932. “Plato and ‘Imitation’”. Classic Quarterly, XXVI.
  • Vardenius, W. J. 1949. Mimesis: Plato’s Doctrine of Artistic Imitation and Its Meaning to Us, Leiden: E.J. Brill.

MIMESIS IN PLATO AND PRE-PLATONIC WRITINGS

Year 2017, Issue: 8, 9 - 34, 30.07.2017

Abstract

One of the important concepts of aesthetics is mimesis which we encounter in Greeks and it has a wide usage for them; that is to say, it does not come up only in a pure aesthetic content. Mimesis and mimetic activities, such as poetry, have been made an important philosophical argument by Plato, which is same for many subjects. Because for Plato many things are related to mimesis, words, laws, etc. have somehow a relation with mimesis. Even mimesis is about character; for example, poetry, as a mimetic activity, possesses a power affects and shapes the character of a person. For this reason, Plato thinks that poetry should be used for a good education in Republic Book 2 and 3; but then in 10th Book, the poets are expelled from the ideal city. But Plato’s exile of poets does not mean that he sees mimetic activities worthless; for Plato's dialogues are also a kind of mimetic activity, in which Plato confronts us as a poet, and as a philosopher living in the sensory world, interacts with reality within sensory activities. Plato embodies his philosophy with this tense relationship, and in this philosophy, he tries to bring mimesis into an essential relation with truth and the forms of the ideal world. The problem for him, then, is not about mimesis and mimetic activities, rather not having a virtue, knowledge, which will really connect mimesis with truth. People can handle mimesis in good and bad ways, healing and sick ways. Plato’s arguments on mimesis are particularly opposed in this dual relationship. 

References

  • Curran, A. 2016. Aristotle and the Poetics, London & New York: Routledge.
  • Destree, P. and Murray, P. 2015. “What Is ‘Ancient Aesthetics’?”, A Companion to Ancient Aesthetics. ed. Pierre Destree and Penelope Murray, Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Else, G. F. 1958. “‘Imitation’ in the Fifth Century”, Classical Philology, LIII (2).
  • Else, G. F. 1986. Plato and Aristotle on Poetry, ed. with Int. and Notes P. Burian, London: The University of North Caroline Press.
  • Gadamer, H. G. 2013. Truth and Method, tran. revised by J. Weinsheimer and D. G. Marshall, London, New York: Bloomsbury.
  • Golden, L. 1975. “Plato’s Concept of Mimesis”. The British Journal of Aesthetics, 15(2).
  • Halliwell, S. 1986. Aristotle’s Poetics. London: Duckworth.
  • Halliwell, S. 2002. The Aesthetics of Mimesis: Ancient Texts and Modern Problems, Princeton & Oxford: Princeton University Press.
  • Havelock, E. A. 1963. Preface to Plato. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
  • Marrison, K.F. 1982. The Mimetic Tradition of Reform in the West, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • McKeon, R., “Literary Criticism and the Concept of Imitation in Antiquity”. Critics and Criticism, Ancient and Modern. ed. R. S. Crane, Chicago: The University of Chigago Press, 1952.
  • Melberg, A. 1995. Theories of Mimesis, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Nehamas, A. 1982. “Plato on Imitation and Poetry in Republic 10”, Plato on beauty, wisdom and the arts, ed. J.M.E., Moravcsik, P. Temko, Totowa, N.J.: Rowman&Littlefield.
  • Pappas, N. 2001. “Aristotle”. The Routledge Companion to Aesthetics, ed. B. Gaut and D. M. Lopes, London&New York: Routledge.
  • Peters, F.E. 2004. Antik Yunan Felsefesi Terimleri Sözlüğü, haz. ve Çev. H. Hünler, Paradigma: İstanbul Yay.
  • Plato. 1942. The Republic, tr. P. Shorey, Cambridge/Massachusets: Harvard University Press.
  • Plato. 1997. Republic, tr. G. M. A. Grube; revised by C.D.C. Reeve, Complete Works, ed. int. and notes J. M. Cooper and ass. ed. D.S. Hutchinson, Indianopolis: Cambridge &Hackett Publishing içinde.
  • Plato. 1997a. Sofist, tr. N. P. White, Plato: Complete Works. Platon. 2010. Devlet. çev. S. Eyüboğlu-M. A. Cimcoz, İstanbul: İş Bankası.
  • Rockmore, T. 2013. Art and Ttuth after Plato, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Sörbom, G. 1966. Mimesis and Art: Studies in the Origin and Early Development of an Aesthetic Vocabulary, Stockholm: Svenska Bokförlaget.
  • Tate, J. 1928. “Imitation in Plato’s Rebuplic”. Classic Quarterly, XXII.
  • Tate, J. 1932. “Plato and ‘Imitation’”. Classic Quarterly, XXVI.
  • Vardenius, W. J. 1949. Mimesis: Plato’s Doctrine of Artistic Imitation and Its Meaning to Us, Leiden: E.J. Brill.
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section MAKALELER/ARTICLES
Authors

Bariş Mutlu

Publication Date July 30, 2017
Submission Date July 7, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Issue: 8

Cite

Chicago Mutlu, Bariş. “PLATON’DA VE PLATON ÖNCESİ METİNLERDE MİMESİS”. Art - Sanat, no. 8 (July 2017): 9-34.