Armenia's Military Aggression Against Azerbaijan: Violation of the Rights of Captives and Hostages

Year 2020, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 55 - 73, 30.03.2020

Ramile Behlül Kızı Dadaşova

https://doi.org/10.26650/jes.2020.004

Abstract

International documents are important mechanism for protecting the rights of citizens in armed conflicts, and these documents can help the UN Security Council to protect human rights. International humanitarian law is reflected in three documents: 1907 The Hague Conventions respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land and its annex, Protocol Additional to the Geneva conventions of 12 August 1949, and 1977 Geneva conventions relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I) and other international law’s documents reflecting the principle of respect for human rights. These international conventions have repeatedly been violated by Armenia, which is a member of the UN. According to the information of the State Commission of the Republic of Azerbaijan on Prisoners of War, Hostages and Missing Persons dated February 1, 2019, the number of missing persons registered by the State Committee is 3,888. Most of these people were killed in Armenian captivity, committed suicide because of torture, illness, and the rest were hidden by Armenians and being used in heavy physical work in Armenia and occupied Azerbaijani territories. As a universal organization, the UN Security Council can force Armenia to comply with international humanitarian law. Referring to resolutions adopted by the UN Security Council, the International Criminal Tribunal for Khojaly should be established and criminals should be punished. The International Court of Justice Commission can be established to regulate legal matters concerning criminals and this Commission should cooperate closely with the International Court of Justice, the Human Rights Council, the Compensation Commission, and conduct joint investigations.

Keywords

Geneva conventions, captives, Khojaly genocide, hostages, international humanitarian law

Ermenistan'ın Azerbaycan'a Karşı Askeri Saldırısı: Esir ve Rehinelerin Haklarının İhlali

Abstract

Uluslararası belgeler, vatandaşların silahlı çatışmalardaki haklarını korumak için önemli bir mekanizmalar olup ve bu belgeler Güvenlik Konseyi'nin insan haklarını korumasına yardımcı olabilir. Uluslararası İnsancıl Hukuku ağırlıklı olarak üç belgede yansıtılmaktadır: 1907 Kara Harbinin Kanunları ve Adetlerine Dair Lahey Sözleşmesi ve ekleri, 12 Ağustos 1949 tarihli Cenevre sözleşmelerine ek Protokol ve 1977 tarihli Uluslararası Silahlı Çatışmalarda Mağdurların Korunmasına Dair Cenevre sözleşmeleri (Protokol I) ve diğer uluslararası hukukun insan haklarına saygı ilkesini yansıtan diğer belgeleri. Söz konusu uluslararası sözleşmeler, BM üyesi olan Ermenistan tarafından defalarca ihlal edilmiştir. Savaş Esirleri, Rehinler ve Kayıp Kişilerle ilgili Azerbaycan Cumhuriyeti Devlet Komisyonu’nun 1 Şubat 2019 tarihli raporuna göre kayıp kişi sayısı 3888 kişidir. Bu insanların çoğu Ermeni esareti altında öldürülmüş, işkenceye, hastalıklara dayanamayarak intihar etmiş, geri kalanlar Ermeniler tarafından esir tutulmakta ve Ermenistan'da ve Azerbaycan'ın işgal altındaki bölgelerinde ağır fiziksel işlerde kullanılmaktadır. Evrensel bir örgüt olarak BM Güvenlik Konseyi Ermenistan'ı uluslararası insancıl hukuka uymaya zorlayabilir. BM Güvenlik Konseyi tarafından alınan kararlara atıfta bulunarak, Hocalı için Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi kurulmalı ve suçlular cezalandırılmalıdır. Suçlularla ilgili yasal hususları düzenlemek için Uluslararası Adalet Divanı Komisyonu kurulabilir ve bu Komisyon Uluslararası Adalet Divanı, İnsan Hakları Konseyi, Tazminat Komisyonu ile yakın işbirliği yaparak ve ortak soruşturmalar yürütebilir.

Keywords

Cenevre sözleşmeleri, esirler, Hocalı soykırımı, rehineler, uluslararası insancıl hukuk

References

• Agrement for the prosecution and punishment of the major war criminals of the European Axis. Signed at London, on 8 August 1945. http://www.un.org/en/genocideprevention/documents/atrocity-crimes/ Doc.2_Charter%20of%20IMT%201945.pdf
• Azərbaycan BMT ailəsində. Bakı, 2000.
• BQXK əməkdaşları Dilqəm Əsgərov və Şahbaz Quliyevlə görüşüblər 03.11.2016. http://kaspi.az/az/bqxkemekdaslari-dilqem-esgerov-ve-sahbaz-quliyevle-grusubler/pages/q.pdf
• Charter of the United Nations and Statute of the İnternational Court of Justice. San Francisco, 1945. https:// treaties.un.org/doc/publication/ctc/uncharter.pdf
• Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe Final Akt. Helsinki, 1975. http://www.osce.org/helsinkifinal-act?download=true
• Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. Adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 9 December 1948.
• https://treaties.un.org/doc/publication/unts/volume%2078/ volume-78-i-1021-english.pdf
• Criminal Code of the Azerbaijan Republic https://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/az/az017en.pdf
• DADAŞOVA R.B. “Ermenistan'in Azerbaycana karşı askeri saldırısı zamanı çocuk Hakları maruziyeti”. II Uluslararası Türk dünyası eğitim bilimleri ve sosyal bilimler kongresi. 6.cild, Sosyal beşeri ve idari bilimleri-2 Ankara, 2018. s.159-166.
• Declaration on the Protection of Women and Children in Emergency and Armed Conflict. http://www.un.org/ en/genocideprevention/documents/atrocity-crimes/Doc.19_declaration%20protection%20women%20 armed%20conflict.pdf; İnsan hüquqları-Beynəlxalq müqavilələr toplusu, Bakı: Azərbaycan, 1998.
• Decree of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan on the genocide of the Azerbaijani people http://www. qmkdk.gov.az/en/laws/84.html
• Erməni cinayətləri (sənədlər əsasında). Azərbaycan Respublikası Milli Təhlükəsizlik Nazirliyi. I c., Bakı: Vətən, 2004.
• European Convention on Human Rights, http://swww.echr.coe.int/Documents/Convention_ENG.pdf
• Fact Sheet: A summary of the rights under the Convention on the Rights of the Child. https://www.unicef.org/ crc/files/Rights_overview.pdf
• HƏSƏNOV Ə. Azərbaycanlılara qarşı həyata keçirilən Xocalı soyqırımı və onun beynəlxalq əks-sədası. http:// justiceforkhojaly.org/sites/default/files/publication/Ali%20Hasanov%20doc.-%20Khojaly.pdf
• İnsan hüquqları-Beynəlxalq müqavilələr toplusu, Bakı: Azərbaycan, 1998.
• International Convention Against the Taking of Hostages. Adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 17 December 1979. https://treaties.un.org/doc/db/terrorism/english-18-5.pdf
• IV Geneva Convention relative to the protection of civilian persons in time of war of 12 august 1949.http:// www.un.org/en/genocideprevention/documents/atrocity-crimes/Doc.33_GC-IV-EN.pdf
• MƏMMƏDOVA H. Xocalı: Şəhidlər, Şahidlər. Bakı: “Yeni nəşrlər evi”, 2003.
• Participation in International Humanitarian Law Treaties and Their National Implementation. Achievements and activities in the countries of the Americas in 2005. Document prepared by the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) for the information of the Member States of the Organization of American States. January, 2006. https://www.icrc.org/en/doc/assets/files/other/informe_202005_eng.pdf, 36 p.
• Principles of international co-operation in the detection, arrest, extradition and punishment of persons guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity. Adopted by General Assembly resolution 3074 (XXVIII) of 3 December 1973. http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Professional Interest/Pages/PersonsGuilty.aspx
• Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 august 1949, and relating to the Protection of victims of international armed conflicts (protocol I), of 8 june 1977. https://www.icrc.org/en/doc/assets/files/other/ icrc_002_0321.pdf
• Resolution adopted by General Assembly 61/155, http://mfa.gov.az/files/file/UN Resolution adopted by General Assembly 63/183. http://mfa.gov.az/files/file/UN
• Resolutions of the 73rd session. http://www.un.org/en/ga/73/resolutions.shtml Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. http://legal.un.org/icc/statute/99_corr/cstatute.htm
• State Commission of the Republic of Azerbaijan on Prisoners of War, Hostages and Missing Persons. http:// www.human.gov.az/en/
• Statute of the International Tribunal for Rwanda. http://legal.un.org/avl/pdf/ha/ictr_EF.pdf The Geneva conventions of 12 august 1949.
• International Commite of the Red Cross. https://www.icrc.org/ en/doc/assets/files/publications/icrc-002-0173.pdf
• The Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949. IV Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War. Geneva, International Committee of the Red Cross 1958
• The Universal Declaration of Human Rights http://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf
• THOMAS de Waal, "A President, an Interview, and a Tragic Anniversary," Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, February 24, 2012, http://carnegieendowment.org/2012/02/24/president-interviewand-tragicanniversary/9vpa
• UN General Assembly adopts resolution on missing persons prepared by Azerbaijan. 18 December, 2018. https://report.az/en/foreign-politics/un-general-assembly-adopts-resolution-on-missing-persons-preparedby-azerbaijan/ Updated Statute of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. http://www.icty.org/x/file/ Legal%20Library/Statute/statute_sept09_en.pdf
• Xocalı soyqırımı rabitəçilərin yaddaşında. Bakı, 2009.
• Xocalı yaddaşı. Bakı: Azərbaycanda Vətəndaş Cəmiyyətinin İnkişafına Yardım Assosiasiyası. 2017.
• Международное право [International Law]: Учебник / Отв.ред. Колосов Ю.М., Кузнецов В.И. М.: Международные отнощения, 1998.
• Письмо представителя Азербайджана от 1 апреля 1994 года на имя Генерального секретаря, Документ S/1994/393 [Letter dated 1 April 1994 from the representative of Azerbaijan addressed to the SecretaryGeneral, Document S / 1994/393], Совет Безопасности. Официальнее отчеты сорок девятый год дополнение за апрель, май, июнь 1994 года, Организация Объединенных Наций, Нью-Йорк, 1998.
• Письмо представителя Азербайджана от 15 августа 1993 года на имя Председателя Совета Безопасности, Документ S/26307 [Letter dated 15 August 1993 from the representative of Azerbaijan addressed to the President of the Security Council, Document S / 26307], Cовет Безопасности. Официальнее отчеты сорок восьмой год дополнение за июль, август, сентябрь 1993 года, Организация Объединенных Наций, Нью-Йорк, 1995.
• Письмо представителя Азербайджана от 21 февраля 1994 года на имя Генерального секретаря, Документ S/1994/206 [Letter dated 21 February 1994 from the representative of Azerbaijan addressed to the SecretaryGeneral, Document S / 1994/206], Совет Безопасности. Официальнее отчеты сорок девятый год дополнение за январь, февраль, март 1994 года, Организация Объединенных Наций, Нью-Йорк, 1997.
• Письмо представителя Азербайджана от 26 апреля 1994 года на имя Генерального секретаря, Документ S/1994/505 [Letter dated 26 April 1994 from the representative of Azerbaijan addressed to the SecretaryGeneral, Document S / 1994/505], Совет Безопасности. Официальнее отчеты сорок девятый год дополнение за апрель, май, июнь 1994 года, Организация Объединенных Наций, Нью-Йорк, 1998.
• Письмо представителя Швеции от 9 июня 1994 года на имя Председателя Совета Безопасности, Документ S/1994/687 [Letter dated 9 June 1994 from the representative of Sweden addressed to the President of the Security Council, Document S / 1994/687], Совет Безопасности. Официальнее отчеты сорок девятый год дополнение за апрель, май, июнь 1994 года, Организация Объединенных Наций, Нью-Йорк, 1998.
• Письмо постоянного представителя Азербайджана при Организаций Объединенных Наций от 24 февраля 2005 года на имя Генерального секретаря [Letter dated 24 February 2005 from the Permanent Representative of Azerbaijan to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General] // Diplomatiya Aləmi Jurnalı, 2005, №10
• Сборник документов ООН по армяно-азербайджанскому нагорно-карабахскому конфликту [UN’s Documents on the Armenian-Azerbaijani Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict], Баку, Министерство Иностранных Дел, 2009.