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“The Big Bang Theory” (“Büyük Patlama”) Dizisinin Türkçe Altyazı Çevirisinde Mizah Aktarımı

Year 2020, Issue: 13, 23 - 46, 01.05.2021

Abstract

Mizah, görsel-işitsel metinlerde sıklıkla kullanılan bir unsurdur. Görsel-işitsel metinlerde mizah çevirisinde, altyazı ve dublaj gibi görsel-işitsel çeviri türlerinin teknik kısıtlamalarına dilbilimsel faktörlerin yanı sıra ekrandaki daha birçok değişken de eklenince çeviri süreci çevirmen için oldukça zorlayıcı olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, görsel-işitsel metinlerde mizah aktarımına odaklanılarak çeviri sürecini betimleyici bir şekilde ele almaktır. Görsel-işitsel metinlerde mizah çevirisiyle ilgili kuramsal ve yöntemsel bakış açısını uygulamalı bir çalışmada gözlemlemek amacıyla “The Big Bang Theory” adlı ünlü Amerikan komedi dizisinin 3. sezonunda yer alan 23 bölümdeki mizah unsurlarının Türkçe altyazı çevirisine aktarım süreci irdelenmiştir. Dizide mizah unsuru taşıyan örnekler mizah kuramları açısından ele alındığında, en fazla üstünlük ve uyuşmazlık kuramıyla mizahın ortaya çıktığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca, dizideki mizahın en çok replikler üzerinden dilsel öğeler aracılığıyla açığa çıktığı gözlemlenmiştir. Mizah unsurlarının çevirisinde hedef metin odaklı bir çeviri anlayışının benimsendiği ve bu nedenle çeviri sürecinde mizahın İngilizceden Türkçeye daha çok ikame stratejisi kullanılarak aktarıldığı çıkarımı yapılmıştır. Genel olarak değerlendirildiğinde, kaynak metindeki mizah örneklerinin başarılı bir şekilde hedef metne aktarıldığı ve kaynak kültürdeki mizah etkisinin hedef kültürde de korunmaya çalışıldığı sonucuna varılmıştır.

Supporting Institution

Yazarlar bu çalışma için finansal destek almadığını beyan etmiştir.

References

  • Attardo, S. (1994). Linguistic Theories of Humor. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
  • Attardo, S. (2001). Humorous Texts: A Semantic and Pragmatic Analysis. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
  • Attardo, S. (2002). Translation and Humor: an Approach Based on the General Theory of Verbal Humour (GTVH). The Translator, 8(2), 173-194.
  • Attardo, S., & Raskin, V. (1991). Script theory revis(it)ed: Joke similarity and joke representation model. Humor: International Journal of Humor, 4(3-4), 293-347.
  • Berger, A. A. (1993). An Anatomy of Humor. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction,
  • Berger, A. A. (1976). Anatomy of the joke. Journal of Communication, 26(3), 113-115.
  • Berlyne, D. (1972). Humor and its kin. J. H. Goldstein & P. E. McGhee (Ed.), The psychology of humor içinde (43-60. ss.). New York: Academic Press.
  • Carrell, A. (2008). Historical Views of Humor. Victor Raskin (Ed.), In The Primer of Humor Research içinde (361-98. ss.). Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
  • Chiaro, D. (1991). The Language of Jokes. Analysing: Verbal Play. London: Routledge.
  • Chiaro, D. (2006). Verbally Expressed Humour on Screen: Reflections on Translation and Reception. The Journal of Specialised Translation, 6, 198-208.
  • Chiaro, D. (2009). Issues in Audiovisual Translation. The Routledge Companion to Translation Studies içinde (141-165. ss.). Routledge.
  • Deckersi L., & Devine, J. (1981). Humor by violating an existing expectancy. Journal of Psychology, 107-110.
  • Delabastita, D. (1996). Wordplay and Translation. Special Issue of The Translator: Studies in Intercultural Communication, 2(2), 127-140.
  • Díaz Cintas, J., & Remael, A. (2007). Audiovisual Translation: Subtitling. Manchester: St. Jerome Publishing.
  • Díaz Cintas, Jo. (2008). Audiovisual translation comes of age. Delia Chiaro, Christine Heiss, Chiara Bucaria (Ed.), Between Text and Image: Updating Research in Screen Translation içinde (1-9. ss.). John Benjamins.
  • Díaz Cintas, J. (2008). Introduction: The didactics of audiovisual translation. Jorge Díaz Cintas (Ed.), The Didactics of Audiovisual Translation içinde (1-8. ss.). John Benjamins.
  • Dore, M. (2008). The Audiovisual Translation of Humour: Dubbing the First Series of the TV Comedy Programme Friends into Italian. (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Lancaster Universitesi.
  • Feinberg, L. (1978). The secret of humor. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
  • Freud, S. (1960). Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious. Oxford, England: W.W. Norton.
  • Gambier, Y. H. (2001). (Multi) Media Translation: Concepts, practices and research. John Benjamins Publishing.
  • Gambier, Y. (2008). Recent developments and challenges in audiovisual translation research. Delia Chiaro, Christine Heiss, Chiara Bucaria (Ed.), Between Text and Image: Updating Research in Screen Translation içinde (11-33. ss.). John Benjamins.
  • Grotjahn, M. (1957). Beyond laughter: Humor and the subconscious. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Gruner, C. R. (1978). Understanding laughter: To be working of wit and humor. Chicago: Nelson-Hall.
  • Karavin, H. (2015). Translating Humor: A Comparative Analysis of Three Translations of Three Man in a Boat (Mizah Çevirisi: Three Men in a Boat Adlı Romanın Türkçe’ye yapılan Üç Çevirisinin Karşılaştırmalı Çözümlenmesi). (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Boğaziçi Üniversitesi.
  • Luyken, G. M. v.d. (1991). Overcoming Language Barriers in Television: Dubbing and Subtitling for the European Audience. Düsseldorf: The European Institute for the Media.
  • Martínez-Sierra, J. J. (2006). Translating Audiovisual Humour. A Case Study. Perspective Studies in Translatology, 13(4), 289-296.
  • McGhee, P. E. (1979). Humor: Its origin and development. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.
  • Morreall, J. (1983). Taking laughter seriously. Albany, State University of New York.
  • Orero, P. (2004a). Topics in Audiovisual Translation. Pilar Orero (Ed.). Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
  • Rapp, A. (1951). The origins of wit and humor. New York: E. P. Dutton.
  • Raskin, V. (1979). Semantic Mechanisms of Humor. Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society. (325-335. ss.). Berkeley, CA: University of California.
  • Raskin, V. (1985). Semantic Mechanisms of Humor. Dordrecht, Reidel.
  • Reich, P. (2006). The Film and The Book in Translation. (Yayınlanmamış Lisans Bitirme Tezi). Masaryk Üniversitesi.
  • Ruch, W. (1998). Foreword and Overview. Sense of Humor: A New Look at an Old Concept. W. Ruch (Ed.), The Sense of Humor: Explorations of a Personality Characteristic içinde (3-14. ss.). Berlin ve New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
  • Salvatore, A., & Raskin, V. (1991). Script theory revis(it)ed: Joke similarity and joke representation model. Humor: International Journal of Humor Research, 4(3-4), 293-347.
  • Saude, C. J. (2018). Application of the General Theory of Verbal Humor to texts in The Onion. (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Oslo Üniversitesi.
  • Sayman, S. A. (2011). The Quality of Audiovisual Translation in Turkey and The Course of The Production Process: An Empirical Study on The Subtitled and the Dubbed Versions of Will And Grace (Türkiye’de Yapılan Film Çevirilerinin Kalitesi ve Üretim Süreci Arasındaki İlişki: Will & Grace’in Dublajlı ve Altyazılı Versiyonları Üzerine Ampirik Bir Çalışma). (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Boğaziçi Üniversitesi.
  • Schaeffer, N. (1981). The art of laughter. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Scholtes, E. (2016). Translation Humour: A Case Study of the Subtitling and Dubbing of Wordplay in Animated Disney Films. (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Leiden Üniversitesi.
  • Schurcliff, A. (1968). Judged humor, arousal, and the relief theory. Journa1 of Personality and Social Psychology, 8, 360-363.
  • Şerban, A. (2004). Introduction to Audiovisual Translation. University of Leeds. Erişim adresi https://www.slideshare.net/yiling666/introduction-to-audiovidual-translation-by-adriana-serban
  • The Big Bang Theory. (t.y.). Erişim tarihi 22 Ocak 2017, Erişim adresi http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Big_Bang_Theory
  • Urbano Alcaraz, A. (2015). The Translation of Humour from Audiovisual Content: an Empirical Analysis. (Yayınlanmamış Lisans Tezi). Barselona Özerk Üniversitesi.
  • Vandaele, J. (1999). Each Time We Laugh’ Translated Humour in Screen Comedy. Jeroen Vandaele (Ed.), Translation and the (re)location of Meaning: Selected Papers of the CETRA Research Seminars on Translation Studies 1994-1996 içinde (237-272. ss.). CETRA / KULeuven.
  • Vázlerová, V. (2011). Issues in audiovisual translation with focus on humour. (Yayınlanmamış Lisans Tezi). Palacky Üniversitesi, Çek Cumhuriyeti.
  • Zabalbeascoa, P. (2008). The nature of the audiovisual text and its parameters. Jorge Díaz Cintas (Ed.), The Didactics of Audiovisual Translation içinde (21-37. ss.). John Benjamins.
  • Zabalbeascoa, P. (2005). Humor and translation- an interdiscipline. Humor – International Journal of Humor Research, 18(2), 185-207.
  • Zabalbeascoa, P. (1996). Translating Jokes for Dubbed Television Situation Comedies. The Translator, 2(2), 235-257.
  • Ziv, A. (1984). Personality and sense of humor. New York: Springer.

Subtitling Humor in The Series “The Big Bang Theory”

Year 2020, Issue: 13, 23 - 46, 01.05.2021

Abstract

Humor is an element which is frequently used in audiovisual texts. Considering the technical constraints of audiovisual translation types such as subtitling and dubbing along with the linguistic factors and many more variables on screen, the translation process of audiovisual humor could be fairly challenging for the translator. The goal of this present study is to discuss the translation process with a focus on the translation of audiovisual humor. In an attempt to observe the theoretical and methodological approach toward the translation of humor in audiovisual texts in a practical study, the humorous elements in 23 episodes in the 3rd season of the famous American comedy series “The Big Bang Theory” were identified and the translation process of subtitling those into Turkish was examined. When the humorous examples in the series were studied in terms of humor theories, it was clearly seen that its humor is mostly produced through superiority and incongruity theories. In addition, it was observed that humor in the series was largely dependent on linguistic elements. It was deduced that a target-oriented approach had been adopted in the translation of humor elements and on that account, mainly the substitution strategy had been applied in subtitling humor from English into Turkish. Overall, in this study, it was concluded that the humorous examples in the source text had been successfully translated into the target text and an attempt had been made to preserve the humor effect from the source culture in the target culture.

References

  • Attardo, S. (1994). Linguistic Theories of Humor. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
  • Attardo, S. (2001). Humorous Texts: A Semantic and Pragmatic Analysis. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
  • Attardo, S. (2002). Translation and Humor: an Approach Based on the General Theory of Verbal Humour (GTVH). The Translator, 8(2), 173-194.
  • Attardo, S., & Raskin, V. (1991). Script theory revis(it)ed: Joke similarity and joke representation model. Humor: International Journal of Humor, 4(3-4), 293-347.
  • Berger, A. A. (1993). An Anatomy of Humor. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction,
  • Berger, A. A. (1976). Anatomy of the joke. Journal of Communication, 26(3), 113-115.
  • Berlyne, D. (1972). Humor and its kin. J. H. Goldstein & P. E. McGhee (Ed.), The psychology of humor içinde (43-60. ss.). New York: Academic Press.
  • Carrell, A. (2008). Historical Views of Humor. Victor Raskin (Ed.), In The Primer of Humor Research içinde (361-98. ss.). Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
  • Chiaro, D. (1991). The Language of Jokes. Analysing: Verbal Play. London: Routledge.
  • Chiaro, D. (2006). Verbally Expressed Humour on Screen: Reflections on Translation and Reception. The Journal of Specialised Translation, 6, 198-208.
  • Chiaro, D. (2009). Issues in Audiovisual Translation. The Routledge Companion to Translation Studies içinde (141-165. ss.). Routledge.
  • Deckersi L., & Devine, J. (1981). Humor by violating an existing expectancy. Journal of Psychology, 107-110.
  • Delabastita, D. (1996). Wordplay and Translation. Special Issue of The Translator: Studies in Intercultural Communication, 2(2), 127-140.
  • Díaz Cintas, J., & Remael, A. (2007). Audiovisual Translation: Subtitling. Manchester: St. Jerome Publishing.
  • Díaz Cintas, Jo. (2008). Audiovisual translation comes of age. Delia Chiaro, Christine Heiss, Chiara Bucaria (Ed.), Between Text and Image: Updating Research in Screen Translation içinde (1-9. ss.). John Benjamins.
  • Díaz Cintas, J. (2008). Introduction: The didactics of audiovisual translation. Jorge Díaz Cintas (Ed.), The Didactics of Audiovisual Translation içinde (1-8. ss.). John Benjamins.
  • Dore, M. (2008). The Audiovisual Translation of Humour: Dubbing the First Series of the TV Comedy Programme Friends into Italian. (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Lancaster Universitesi.
  • Feinberg, L. (1978). The secret of humor. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
  • Freud, S. (1960). Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious. Oxford, England: W.W. Norton.
  • Gambier, Y. H. (2001). (Multi) Media Translation: Concepts, practices and research. John Benjamins Publishing.
  • Gambier, Y. (2008). Recent developments and challenges in audiovisual translation research. Delia Chiaro, Christine Heiss, Chiara Bucaria (Ed.), Between Text and Image: Updating Research in Screen Translation içinde (11-33. ss.). John Benjamins.
  • Grotjahn, M. (1957). Beyond laughter: Humor and the subconscious. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Gruner, C. R. (1978). Understanding laughter: To be working of wit and humor. Chicago: Nelson-Hall.
  • Karavin, H. (2015). Translating Humor: A Comparative Analysis of Three Translations of Three Man in a Boat (Mizah Çevirisi: Three Men in a Boat Adlı Romanın Türkçe’ye yapılan Üç Çevirisinin Karşılaştırmalı Çözümlenmesi). (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Boğaziçi Üniversitesi.
  • Luyken, G. M. v.d. (1991). Overcoming Language Barriers in Television: Dubbing and Subtitling for the European Audience. Düsseldorf: The European Institute for the Media.
  • Martínez-Sierra, J. J. (2006). Translating Audiovisual Humour. A Case Study. Perspective Studies in Translatology, 13(4), 289-296.
  • McGhee, P. E. (1979). Humor: Its origin and development. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.
  • Morreall, J. (1983). Taking laughter seriously. Albany, State University of New York.
  • Orero, P. (2004a). Topics in Audiovisual Translation. Pilar Orero (Ed.). Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
  • Rapp, A. (1951). The origins of wit and humor. New York: E. P. Dutton.
  • Raskin, V. (1979). Semantic Mechanisms of Humor. Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society. (325-335. ss.). Berkeley, CA: University of California.
  • Raskin, V. (1985). Semantic Mechanisms of Humor. Dordrecht, Reidel.
  • Reich, P. (2006). The Film and The Book in Translation. (Yayınlanmamış Lisans Bitirme Tezi). Masaryk Üniversitesi.
  • Ruch, W. (1998). Foreword and Overview. Sense of Humor: A New Look at an Old Concept. W. Ruch (Ed.), The Sense of Humor: Explorations of a Personality Characteristic içinde (3-14. ss.). Berlin ve New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
  • Salvatore, A., & Raskin, V. (1991). Script theory revis(it)ed: Joke similarity and joke representation model. Humor: International Journal of Humor Research, 4(3-4), 293-347.
  • Saude, C. J. (2018). Application of the General Theory of Verbal Humor to texts in The Onion. (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Oslo Üniversitesi.
  • Sayman, S. A. (2011). The Quality of Audiovisual Translation in Turkey and The Course of The Production Process: An Empirical Study on The Subtitled and the Dubbed Versions of Will And Grace (Türkiye’de Yapılan Film Çevirilerinin Kalitesi ve Üretim Süreci Arasındaki İlişki: Will & Grace’in Dublajlı ve Altyazılı Versiyonları Üzerine Ampirik Bir Çalışma). (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Boğaziçi Üniversitesi.
  • Schaeffer, N. (1981). The art of laughter. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Scholtes, E. (2016). Translation Humour: A Case Study of the Subtitling and Dubbing of Wordplay in Animated Disney Films. (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Leiden Üniversitesi.
  • Schurcliff, A. (1968). Judged humor, arousal, and the relief theory. Journa1 of Personality and Social Psychology, 8, 360-363.
  • Şerban, A. (2004). Introduction to Audiovisual Translation. University of Leeds. Erişim adresi https://www.slideshare.net/yiling666/introduction-to-audiovidual-translation-by-adriana-serban
  • The Big Bang Theory. (t.y.). Erişim tarihi 22 Ocak 2017, Erişim adresi http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Big_Bang_Theory
  • Urbano Alcaraz, A. (2015). The Translation of Humour from Audiovisual Content: an Empirical Analysis. (Yayınlanmamış Lisans Tezi). Barselona Özerk Üniversitesi.
  • Vandaele, J. (1999). Each Time We Laugh’ Translated Humour in Screen Comedy. Jeroen Vandaele (Ed.), Translation and the (re)location of Meaning: Selected Papers of the CETRA Research Seminars on Translation Studies 1994-1996 içinde (237-272. ss.). CETRA / KULeuven.
  • Vázlerová, V. (2011). Issues in audiovisual translation with focus on humour. (Yayınlanmamış Lisans Tezi). Palacky Üniversitesi, Çek Cumhuriyeti.
  • Zabalbeascoa, P. (2008). The nature of the audiovisual text and its parameters. Jorge Díaz Cintas (Ed.), The Didactics of Audiovisual Translation içinde (21-37. ss.). John Benjamins.
  • Zabalbeascoa, P. (2005). Humor and translation- an interdiscipline. Humor – International Journal of Humor Research, 18(2), 185-207.
  • Zabalbeascoa, P. (1996). Translating Jokes for Dubbed Television Situation Comedies. The Translator, 2(2), 235-257.
  • Ziv, A. (1984). Personality and sense of humor. New York: Springer.
There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section MAKALELER
Authors

Arsun Uras Yılmaz This is me 0000-0001-8266-2822

Kübra Çakıroğlu This is me 0000-0003-0721-7635

Publication Date May 1, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2020 Issue: 13

Cite

APA Uras Yılmaz, A., & Çakıroğlu, K. (2021). “The Big Bang Theory” (“Büyük Patlama”) Dizisinin Türkçe Altyazı Çevirisinde Mizah Aktarımı. İstanbul Üniversitesi Çeviribilim Dergisi(13), 23-46.
AMA Uras Yılmaz A, Çakıroğlu K. “The Big Bang Theory” (“Büyük Patlama”) Dizisinin Türkçe Altyazı Çevirisinde Mizah Aktarımı. İstanbul Üniversitesi Çeviribilim Dergisi. May 2021;(13):23-46.
Chicago Uras Yılmaz, Arsun, and Kübra Çakıroğlu. ““The Big Bang Theory” (‘Büyük Patlama’) Dizisinin Türkçe Altyazı Çevirisinde Mizah Aktarımı”. İstanbul Üniversitesi Çeviribilim Dergisi, no. 13 (May 2021): 23-46.
EndNote Uras Yılmaz A, Çakıroğlu K (May 1, 2021) “The Big Bang Theory” (“Büyük Patlama”) Dizisinin Türkçe Altyazı Çevirisinde Mizah Aktarımı. İstanbul Üniversitesi Çeviribilim Dergisi 13 23–46.
IEEE A. Uras Yılmaz and K. Çakıroğlu, ““The Big Bang Theory” (‘Büyük Patlama’) Dizisinin Türkçe Altyazı Çevirisinde Mizah Aktarımı”, İstanbul Üniversitesi Çeviribilim Dergisi, no. 13, pp. 23–46, May 2021.
ISNAD Uras Yılmaz, Arsun - Çakıroğlu, Kübra. ““The Big Bang Theory” (‘Büyük Patlama’) Dizisinin Türkçe Altyazı Çevirisinde Mizah Aktarımı”. İstanbul Üniversitesi Çeviribilim Dergisi 13 (May 2021), 23-46.
JAMA Uras Yılmaz A, Çakıroğlu K. “The Big Bang Theory” (“Büyük Patlama”) Dizisinin Türkçe Altyazı Çevirisinde Mizah Aktarımı. İstanbul Üniversitesi Çeviribilim Dergisi. 2021;:23–46.
MLA Uras Yılmaz, Arsun and Kübra Çakıroğlu. ““The Big Bang Theory” (‘Büyük Patlama’) Dizisinin Türkçe Altyazı Çevirisinde Mizah Aktarımı”. İstanbul Üniversitesi Çeviribilim Dergisi, no. 13, 2021, pp. 23-46.
Vancouver Uras Yılmaz A, Çakıroğlu K. “The Big Bang Theory” (“Büyük Patlama”) Dizisinin Türkçe Altyazı Çevirisinde Mizah Aktarımı. İstanbul Üniversitesi Çeviribilim Dergisi. 2021(13):23-46.