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Homicide Trends in Turkey: A Review of Publicly Available Data

Year 2019, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 1 - 25, 04.07.2019

Galma Akdeniz

https://doi.org/10.26650/JPLC2019-0003

Abstract

In this paper, homicide related statistics from official sources in Turkey have been compared, in an attempt to identify trends in homicides. Up until now no study has looked at national homicide trends by triangulating different data sources. Data has been extracted from a variety of sources, covering data from agencies from every step of the criminal justice process: Cause of death data, police, prosecution and adjudication data, and prison data. Time period covered included the last 20 years, however due to the lack of availability the time range was different for different types of data. It was found that all those types of data suffer from some limitations, and that it is very difficult to compare data from different sources. In particular, it was found that changes in what is counted and how, made it hard to identify trends over longer periods of time. Further, it was found that administrative decisions that determine how data are collected complicate interpretation and reduce the validity of data. Counting units are inconsistent across different sources making cross-checking problematic. Finally human error in data entry was found to reduce data reliability. Despite these drawbacks, an attempt is made to identify potential trends.

Keywords

Homicide crime data murder

References

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  • Eren M, ‘“Kaza”dan “Kampüs”e: Türkiye’nin Ceza İnfaz Sistemi’ (2017) 2 Sosyal Hukuk 12.
  • Erkol Z and others, ‘Kahramanmaraş’ta Meydana Gelen Ateşli Silah Yaralanmasına Bağlı Ölümler’ (2011) 25(1) Adli Tıp Dergisi 1.
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  • Geleri A and Demirbilek M, ‘Crime Victimisation: A Study Into the Profile of Homicide Victims in Istanbul’ (2006) 8(1) International Journal of Police Science and Management 33.
  • Gruszczyńska BZ and Heiskanen M, ‘Trends in Police-Recorded Offences’ (2012) 18(1) European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research 83.
  • Gündoğmuş ÜN and Biçer Ü and Çolak B, ‘Kocaeli’nde Ebeveyn Öldürmeler’ (2000) 5(3) Adli Tıp Bülteni 236.
  • Hilal A and others, ‘Homicide in Adana, Turkey: A 5-year review’ (2005) 26(2) The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 141.
  • İçli TG, ‘Blood Feud in Turkey: A Sociological Analysis’ (1994) 34(1) The British Journal of Criminology 69.
  • Karakuş M and others, ‘Filicide Cases in Turkey, 1995-2000’ (2003) 44(5) Croatian Medical Journal 592.
  • Koç S and Can M, ‘Ölüm Kavramı ve Ölü Muayenesi’ (2009) 22 Klinik Gelişim Dergisi 11.
  • Korkmaz T and Balaban B, ‘Ölüm Raporlarında Belirtilen Ölüm Nedenlerinin Kendi Aralarında ve ICD Kodlarıyla Uyumunun Değerlendirilmesi’ (2014) 52(2) Medical Bulletin of Haseki/Haseki Tip Bülteni 103.
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  • Şener MT and Kara Ç, ‘Adli Nitelikli Ölümlerin Belirlenmesi ve İzlenecek Yol’ (2014) 24(ek 2) Genel Tıp Dergisi 58.
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Türkiye’de Öldürme Eğilimleri: Kamuya Açık Verilerin bir Değerlendirmesi

Year 2019, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 1 - 25, 04.07.2019

Galma Akdeniz

https://doi.org/10.26650/JPLC2019-0003

Abstract

Bu makalede Türkiye’de öldürme suçu konusunda eğilimleri tespit etmek amacıyla, çeşitli resmi kaynaklardan erişilebilen istatistikler karşılaştırılmıştır. Şimdiye dek öldürme suçu konusunda ulusal seviyede istatistikleri bu şekilde karşılaştıran bir çalışma yapılmamıştır. Veritabanı oluşturmak için, ceza adaleti sürecinin tüm adımlarını temsil eden kurumların verileri derlenmiştir: Ölüm nedeni istatistikleri, polis istatistikleri, savcılık ve yargılama istatistikleri, ve cezaevi istatistikleri. Veritabanına dahil edilen veriler son 20 seneyi kapsamaktadır. Fakat veri erişilebilirliği kurumdan kuruma değişkenlik gösterdiğinden dolayı, verilerin kapsadığı dönem tüm veriler için aynı değildir. Değerlendirmede tüm bu farklı veri çeşitlerinin bir takım eksiklikleri olduğu ve farklı kaynaktan elde edilen verilerin karşılaştırılmasının çok zor olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Özellikle, sayılan ünitelerdeki ve sayma yönetmelerindeki değişiklikler ortaya çıkan zaman serilerinin anlaşılmasını zorlaştırmaktadır. Verilerin nasıl toplanacağını belirleyen idari kararlar verilerin geçerliliğini düşürmektedir. Kurumdan kuruma sayılma ünitelerinin farklılık göstermesi karşılıklı veri kontrolünü zorlaştırmaktadır. Son olarak da insan hataları verilerin geçerliliğini düşürmektedir. Tüm bu dezavantajlara rağmen, veriler karşılaştırılarak öldürme konusunda ortak eğilimler tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

Öldürme suç verileri cinayet

References

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  • Akçan R and others, ‘Cinayet-kompleks İntihar: İkili Ölümün Nadir Bir Alt Tipi’ (2016) 43(2) Dicle Tıp Dergisi 367.
  • Andreev E and others, ‘A Method for Reclassifying Cause of Death in Cases Categorized as “Event of Undetermined Intent”’ (2015) 13(1) Population Health Metrics 23.
  • Bisogno E and Dawson-Faber J and Jandl M, ‘The International Classification of Crime for Statistical Purposes: A New Instrument to Improve Comparative Criminological Perspective’ (2015) 12(5) European Journal of Criminology 535.
  • Brooks EG and Reed KD, ‘Principles and Pitfalls: A Guide to Death Certification’ (2015) 13(2) Clinical Medicine and Research 74.
  • Bütün C and others, ‘Defin Ruhsatlarında Belirtilen Ölüm Nedenlerinin İncelenmesi’ (2006) 28(3) CÜ Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 79.
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  • Cole JH and Gramajo AM, ‘Homicide Rates in a Cross-Section of Countries: Evidence and Interpretations’ (2009) 35(4) Population and Development Review 749.
  • Criminal Procedure Code [Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu]. Law no. 5271, adopted on December 4, 2004. Resmi Gazete Vol. 25673, published on December 17, 2004.
  • Demirci Ş and others, ‘An Evaluation of the Exhumation Cases Performed in Konya Between 2001 and 2007’ (2008) 13(2) The Bulletin of Legal Medicine 63.
  • Doğan KH and others, ‘Homicide-Suicide in Konya, Turkey Between 2000 and 2007’ (2010) 55(1) Journal of Forensic Sciences 110.
  • Doğan R, ‘The Profiles of Victims, Perpetrators, and Unfounded Beliefs in Honor Killings in Turkey’ (2014) Homicide Studies 18(4) 389.
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  • Erel Ö and Aydin-Demirağ S and Katkıcı U, ‘Homicide and Suicide in the Elderly: Data From Aydın’ (2011) 14(4) Turkish Journal of Geriatrics 306.
  • Eren M, ‘“Kaza”dan “Kampüs”e: Türkiye’nin Ceza İnfaz Sistemi’ (2017) 2 Sosyal Hukuk 12.
  • Erkol Z and others, ‘Kahramanmaraş’ta Meydana Gelen Ateşli Silah Yaralanmasına Bağlı Ölümler’ (2011) 25(1) Adli Tıp Dergisi 1.
  • Eurostat, ‘Database: Cause of Death’ http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/health/causes-death/data/database accessed 4 December 2018. -- ‘Database: Crime and Criminal Justice’ <http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/crime/database> accessed 4 December 2018.
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  • Geleri A and Demirbilek M, ‘Crime Victimisation: A Study Into the Profile of Homicide Victims in Istanbul’ (2006) 8(1) International Journal of Police Science and Management 33.
  • Gruszczyńska BZ and Heiskanen M, ‘Trends in Police-Recorded Offences’ (2012) 18(1) European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research 83.
  • Gündoğmuş ÜN and Biçer Ü and Çolak B, ‘Kocaeli’nde Ebeveyn Öldürmeler’ (2000) 5(3) Adli Tıp Bülteni 236.
  • Hilal A and others, ‘Homicide in Adana, Turkey: A 5-year review’ (2005) 26(2) The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 141.
  • İçli TG, ‘Blood Feud in Turkey: A Sociological Analysis’ (1994) 34(1) The British Journal of Criminology 69.
  • Karakuş M and others, ‘Filicide Cases in Turkey, 1995-2000’ (2003) 44(5) Croatian Medical Journal 592.
  • Koç S and Can M, ‘Ölüm Kavramı ve Ölü Muayenesi’ (2009) 22 Klinik Gelişim Dergisi 11.
  • Korkmaz T and Balaban B, ‘Ölüm Raporlarında Belirtilen Ölüm Nedenlerinin Kendi Aralarında ve ICD Kodlarıyla Uyumunun Değerlendirilmesi’ (2014) 52(2) Medical Bulletin of Haseki/Haseki Tip Bülteni 103.
  • LaFree G and Drass KA, ‘Counting Crime Booms Among Nations: Evidence for Homicide Victimization Rates, 1956 to 1998’ (2002) 40(4) Criminology 769.
  • Law on the Execution of Sentences and Punitive Measures [Ceza ve Güvenlik Tedbirleri İnfazı Hakkında Kanun]. Law no 5275, adopted on December 13, 2004. Resmi Gazete Vol. 25685, published on December 29, 2004.
  • Liem MCA and Pridemore WA (eds), Handbook of European Homicide Research: Patterns, Explanations, and Country Studies (Springer Science and Business Media 2011)
  • Marshall IH and Summers DL, ‘Contemporary Differences in Rates and Trends of Homicide Among European Nations’ in MCA Liem and WA Pridemore (eds) Handbook of European Homicide Research (Springer 2012).
  • Myers KA and Farquhar DR, ‘Improving the Accuracy of Death Certification’ (1998) 158(10) Canadian Medical Association Journal 1317.
  • Okyay P and others, ‘Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Uygulama ve Araştırma Hastanesi 2008-2009 Yılı Ölüm Nedenleri İstatistiklerinde Değişim: Bir Müdahale Çalışması’ (2011) 12(1) ADÜ Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 1.
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  • Rogers ML and Pridemore WA, ‘Geographic and Temporal Variation in Cross-National Homicide Victimization Rates’ in F Brookman and ER Maguire and M Maguire (eds), The Handbook of Homicide (John Wiley and Sons 2017).
  • Sağlık Bakanlığı, ‘Ölüm Kaydı Bildirim Sistemi: Kullanım Kılavuzu’ <obs.gov.tr/yardim/OBS_KILAVUZ/OBS_GİRİŞ.htm> accessed 4 December 2018).
  • Sayhan MB and others, ‘Öldürme Ardından Özkıyım: Olgu Sunumu ve Literatürün Gözden Geçirilmesi’ (2011) 12 Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry/Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi 312.
  • Smit PR and de Jong RR and Bijleveld CCJH, ‘Homicide Data in Europe: Definitions, Sources, and Statistics’in MCA Liem and WA Pridemore (eds) Handbook of European Homicide Research (Springer 2012).
  • Şener MT and Kara Ç, ‘Adli Nitelikli Ölümlerin Belirlenmesi ve İzlenecek Yol’ (2014) 24(ek 2) Genel Tıp Dergisi 58.
  • Topçuoğlu T, ‘Türkiye’de Suçluluğa ve İnfaz Politikalarına İlişkin Veri İhtiyacı’ (2015) 3(1) Ceza Hukuku ve Kriminoloji Dergisi 167.
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There are 70 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Law in Context
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Galma Akdeniz 0000-0002-7255-8260

Publication Date July 4, 2019
Submission Date February 26, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Akdeniz, G. (2019). Homicide Trends in Turkey: A Review of Publicly Available Data. Ceza Hukuku Ve Kriminoloji Dergisi, 7(1), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.26650/JPLC2019-0003
AMA Akdeniz G. Homicide Trends in Turkey: A Review of Publicly Available Data. Ceza Hukuku ve Kriminoloji Dergisi. July 2019;7(1):1-25. doi:10.26650/JPLC2019-0003
Chicago Akdeniz, Galma. “Homicide Trends in Turkey: A Review of Publicly Available Data”. Ceza Hukuku Ve Kriminoloji Dergisi 7, no. 1 (July 2019): 1-25. https://doi.org/10.26650/JPLC2019-0003.
EndNote Akdeniz G (July 1, 2019) Homicide Trends in Turkey: A Review of Publicly Available Data. Ceza Hukuku ve Kriminoloji Dergisi 7 1 1–25.
IEEE G. Akdeniz, “Homicide Trends in Turkey: A Review of Publicly Available Data”, Ceza Hukuku ve Kriminoloji Dergisi, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 1–25, 2019, doi: 10.26650/JPLC2019-0003.
ISNAD Akdeniz, Galma. “Homicide Trends in Turkey: A Review of Publicly Available Data”. Ceza Hukuku ve Kriminoloji Dergisi 7/1 (July 2019), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.26650/JPLC2019-0003.
JAMA Akdeniz G. Homicide Trends in Turkey: A Review of Publicly Available Data. Ceza Hukuku ve Kriminoloji Dergisi. 2019;7:1–25.
MLA Akdeniz, Galma. “Homicide Trends in Turkey: A Review of Publicly Available Data”. Ceza Hukuku Ve Kriminoloji Dergisi, vol. 7, no. 1, 2019, pp. 1-25, doi:10.26650/JPLC2019-0003.
Vancouver Akdeniz G. Homicide Trends in Turkey: A Review of Publicly Available Data. Ceza Hukuku ve Kriminoloji Dergisi. 2019;7(1):1-25.
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