Research Article
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The Clear and Present Danger Test in Turkish Penal Law

Year 2023, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 186 - 197, 23.02.2024

Büşra Demiral Bakırman

https://doi.org/10.26650/JPLC2023-1407593

Abstract

The concept of clear and present danger originates from American law has become a phenomenon in different legal systems, particularly in connection with freedom of expression. The Turkish legal system uses the criterion of clear and imminent danger and has more than one regulation involving this criterion. Pursuant to Articles 215 and 216 of the Turkish Penal Code, in order for punishment to be possible, a clear and imminent danger must exist in terms of public order and public security. In addition to these provisions, Articles 17 and 19 of the Code on Meetings and Demonstrations (Toplantı ve Gösteri Yürüyüşleri Kanunu) state that, if a clear and imminent danger is present that a crime will be committed, meetings may be banned for a certain period. This study aims to examine how the clear and imminent danger test is applied in Turkish judicial decisions in the context of the aforementioned provisions and to reveal the criteria for determination of clear and imminent danger.

Keywords

Clear and present danger freedom of expression public safety public order danger crime

References

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Year 2023, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 186 - 197, 23.02.2024

Büşra Demiral Bakırman

https://doi.org/10.26650/JPLC2023-1407593

Abstract

References

  • Antieau CJ, ‘The Rule of Clear and Present Danger: Scope of Its Applicability’ (1950) Michigan Law Review, 48(6), 811. google scholar
  • Apiş Ö, Halkı Kin ve Düşmanlığa Alenen Tahrik veya Aşağılama Suçları (TCK md. 216) (Adalet Yayınevi 2017). google scholar
  • Arslan Z, ABD Yüksek Mahkemesi Kararlarında İfade Özgürlüğü (Liberal Düşünce Topluluğu 2003). google scholar
  • Artuk ME, Gökcen A, Alşahin ME & Çakır K, Ceza Hukuku Özel Hükümler (20th edn, Adalet Yayınevi 2022) google scholar
  • Aydın ÖD ‘YTCK Açısından Salt İfade Suç Tiplerine Eleştirel Bir Bakış’ (2006) Hukuki Perspektifler Dergisi, 6, 119. google scholar
  • Carroll TF, ‘Freedom of Speech and of the Press in War Time: The Espionage Act’ (1919) Michigan Law Review, 17, 621. google scholar
  • Ceyhan M, ‘Türk Milletini, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devletini, Devletin Kurum ve Organlarını Aşağılama Suçu (TCK m. 301)’ (2013) Prof. Dr. google scholar
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  • Demirtaş S, Tehlike Suçları (Adalet Yayınevi 2023). google scholar
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  • Dow DR, ‘The Moral Failure of the Clear and Present Danger Test’ (1998) William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal, 6(3), 733. google scholar
  • Dülger İ & Cin S, ‘Suçu ve Suçluyu Övme Suçu (TCK md. 215)’ 2019 D.E.Ü. Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, Prof. Dr. Durmuş TEZCAN’a Armağan, 21, 2865. google scholar
  • Ergüne E, ‘Tehlike Suçları Bağlamında Halkı Kin ve Düşmanlığa Tahrik veya Aşağılama Suçları (TCK m 216)’ İstanbul Hukuk Mecmuası, 78(3), 1675. google scholar
  • Ersan A, ‘Halkı Kin ve Düşmanlığa Tahrik veya Aşağılama’ (2014) TBB Dergisi, 111, 77. google scholar
  • Gökcan HT & Artuç M, Yorumlu Uygulamalı Türk Ceza Kanunu Şerhi (Adalet Yayınevi 2021) Vol 5. google scholar
  • Gökcen A, Halkı Kin ve Düşmanlığa Açıkça Tahrik Cürmü (TCK md. 312/2) (Liberal Düşünce Topluluğu 2001). google scholar
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  • News Verlag v. Austria, App no 31457/96 (ECHR, 11 January 2000). google scholar
  • https://www.lexpera.com.tr/. google scholar
  • https://sozluk.gov.tr/. google scholar
  • https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/. google scholar
There are 75 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Criminology (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Büşra Demiral Bakırman 0000-0002-5851-4755

Publication Date February 23, 2024
Submission Date December 20, 2023
Acceptance Date January 16, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 11 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Demiral Bakırman, B. (2024). The Clear and Present Danger Test in Turkish Penal Law. Ceza Hukuku Ve Kriminoloji Dergisi, 11(2), 186-197. https://doi.org/10.26650/JPLC2023-1407593
AMA Demiral Bakırman B. The Clear and Present Danger Test in Turkish Penal Law. Ceza Hukuku ve Kriminoloji Dergisi. February 2024;11(2):186-197. doi:10.26650/JPLC2023-1407593
Chicago Demiral Bakırman, Büşra. “The Clear and Present Danger Test in Turkish Penal Law”. Ceza Hukuku Ve Kriminoloji Dergisi 11, no. 2 (February 2024): 186-97. https://doi.org/10.26650/JPLC2023-1407593.
EndNote Demiral Bakırman B (February 1, 2024) The Clear and Present Danger Test in Turkish Penal Law. Ceza Hukuku ve Kriminoloji Dergisi 11 2 186–197.
IEEE B. Demiral Bakırman, “The Clear and Present Danger Test in Turkish Penal Law”, Ceza Hukuku ve Kriminoloji Dergisi, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 186–197, 2024, doi: 10.26650/JPLC2023-1407593.
ISNAD Demiral Bakırman, Büşra. “The Clear and Present Danger Test in Turkish Penal Law”. Ceza Hukuku ve Kriminoloji Dergisi 11/2 (February 2024), 186-197. https://doi.org/10.26650/JPLC2023-1407593.
JAMA Demiral Bakırman B. The Clear and Present Danger Test in Turkish Penal Law. Ceza Hukuku ve Kriminoloji Dergisi. 2024;11:186–197.
MLA Demiral Bakırman, Büşra. “The Clear and Present Danger Test in Turkish Penal Law”. Ceza Hukuku Ve Kriminoloji Dergisi, vol. 11, no. 2, 2024, pp. 186-97, doi:10.26650/JPLC2023-1407593.
Vancouver Demiral Bakırman B. The Clear and Present Danger Test in Turkish Penal Law. Ceza Hukuku ve Kriminoloji Dergisi. 2024;11(2):186-97.
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