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On the Triviality of the Principle of Compositionality

Year 2023, Issue: 58, 23 - 37, 26.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.26650/arcp.1250850

Abstract

The principle of compositionality states that the meaning of an expression is a function of the meanings of its parts. The principle is based on Gottlob Frege’s works that consider linguistic meaning in the function-argument structure. Through Richard Montague, this principle has taken a central place in formal semantics. According to the principle, a homomorphic relationship exists between linguistic and semantic structures. Proponents of the principle argue that compositionality makes an important contribution to the systematic and productive structure of language. Contrary to this view, Wlodek Zadrozny has argued compositionality to not contribute to the systematic structure of language. To justify this claim, Zadrozny put forward proof showing that any semantic structure can be encoded compositionally. Zadrozny also attributed the existence of such a semantic function for any semantic structure to Peter Aczel’s non-well-founded set theory. The solution lemma informs one that such a meaning function exists. However, an important objection to Zadrozny’s claim is found. The obtained semantic structure has been claimed to be insufficient for encoding the original semantic structure. The basis of this claim involves the phenomenon of synonymity. Non-compositional semantic structures in which synonyms do not follow the principle of substitution have been argued as being unable to be represented by compositional semantics. This work examines Zadrozny’s proof and answers the objection by claiming synonymity, being the subject of this objection, is not a property that needs to be preserved.

References

  • Aczel, Peter. Non-Well-Founded Sets. Stanford: CSLI Publications, 1988. google scholar
  • Barwise, Jon, ve John Etchemendy. Liar An Essay on Truth and Circularity. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987. google scholar
  • Barwise, Jon, ve S. Moss Lawrence. Vicious Circles (CSLI Lecture Notes: Number 60). Stanford: CSLI Publications, 1996. google scholar
  • Churchland, Patricia S. Neurophilosophy: Toward a Unified Science of the Mind/Brain. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1986. google scholar
  • Churchland, Paul M. “Eliminative Materialism and the Propositional Attitudes.” Journal of Philosophy, (1981): 67-90. google scholar
  • Dever, John. “Compositionality as Methodology.” Linguistics and Philosophy, (1999): 311-316. google scholar
  • Dowty, David. “Compositionality as an empirical problem.” Direct Compositionality içinde, Derleyen Chris Baker ve Pauline Jacobson, 21-101. Oxford: Oxford University, 2007. google scholar
  • Fodor, Jerry A., ve Zenon W. Pylyshyn. “Connectionism and cognitive architecture: A critical analysis.” Connectionism: Debates on Psychological Explanation içinde, Derleyen Cynthia MacDonald ve Graham MacDonald, 90-163. Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell, 1991. google scholar
  • Frege, Gottlob. “Begriffsschrift, a formula language, modeled upon that of arithmetic, for pure thought.” From Frege to Gödel içinde, Derleyen Jean van Heijenoort, 1-82. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1879/1967. google scholar
  • —. “Sense and Reference.” The Philosophical Review, (1948): 209-230. google scholar
  • Kazmi, Ali, ve Jeffry Pelletier. “Is Compositionality Formally Vacuous?” Linguistics and Philosophy, (1998): 629-633. google scholar
  • Kuhn, Thomas S. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1962. google scholar
  • Lapin, Shalom, ve Wlodek Zadrozny. “Compositionality, synonymy, and the systematic representation of meaning.” arXiv preprint cs/0001006, (2000). google scholar
  • Montague, Richard. “English as a Formal Language.” Richmond H. Thomason içinde, Derleyen Richmond H. Thomason, 188-221. New Heaven: Yale University Press, 1974a. google scholar
  • Montague, Richard. “Universal Grammar.” Universal Grammar içinde, Derleyen Richmond H. Thomason, 222-246. New Heaven: Yale University Press, 1974b. google scholar
  • Pagin, Peter, ve Dag Westerstahl. “Compositionality ii: Arguments and problems.” Philosophy Compass, (2010): 265-282. google scholar
  • Quine, W. V. From Stimulus to Science. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1995. google scholar
  • Schimmerling, Ernest. A Course on Set Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011. google scholar
  • Westerstahl, Dag. “On Mathematical Proofs of the Vacuity of Compositionality.” Linguistics and Philosophy, (1998): 635-643. google scholar
  • Zadrozny, Wlodek. “From compositional to systematic semantics.” Linguistics and Philosophy, (1994): 329342. google scholar

Bileşimsellik İlkesinin Önemsizliği Üzerine

Year 2023, Issue: 58, 23 - 37, 26.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.26650/arcp.1250850

Abstract

Anlambilimsel bileşimsellik ilkesi, herhangi bir ifadenin anlamının o ifadenin parçalarının anlamlarının bir fonksiyonu olduğunu bildirmektedir. İlke Gottlob Frege’nin dilsel anlamı fonksiyon argüman uygulaması olarak ele alan çalışmalarına dayanmaktadır. Bileşimselliğin, Richard Montague ile birlikte biçimsel anlambilim içerisinde merkezi bir rol aldığı görülmektedir. Bileşimsellik ilkesi, dilsel yapı ve anlamsal yapı arasında homomorfik bir ilişki bulunduğunu bildirmektedir. İlkenin savunucuları bileşimselliğin dilin sistematik ve üretken yapısına önemli katkılar sağladığını iddia etmektedirler. Wlodek Zadrozny, bu görüşe karşı olarak, bileşimselliğin dilin sistematik yapısına herhangi bir katkı sağlamadığını iddia etmektedir. Zadrozny, iddiasını temellendirmek için, herhangi bir anlambilimsel yapının bileşimsel olarak kodlanabileceğini gösteren bir ispat ortaya atmıştır. Zadrozny herhangi bir anlambilimsel yapı için böyle bir anlam fonksiyonunun var olduğunu ise Peter Aczel’in iyi-yapılanmamış kümeler kuramına dayandırmaktadır. Çözüm Lemması bize böyle bir anlam fonksiyonunun var olduğunu bildirmektedir. Zadrozny’nin iddiasına karşı önemli bir itiraz bulunmaktadır. Elde edilen anlamsal yapının asıl anlamsal yapıyı kodlamak için yeterli olmadığı iddia edilmektedir. Bu iddianın temelinde eş anlamlılık olgusu bulunmaktadır. Eş anlamlı ifadelerin yer değiştirme ilkesine uymadığı, bileşimsel olmayan anlambilimsel yapıların elde edilen bileşimsel yapılar tarafından temsil edilemeyeceği iddia edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Zadrozny’nin ispatı incelenerek, eş anlamlılık üzerinden yapılan itiraz cevaplandırılmaktadır. İtirazın konusu olan eş anlamlılığın, anlambilimsel olarak korunması gereken bir özellik olmadığı iddia edilmektedir.

References

  • Aczel, Peter. Non-Well-Founded Sets. Stanford: CSLI Publications, 1988. google scholar
  • Barwise, Jon, ve John Etchemendy. Liar An Essay on Truth and Circularity. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987. google scholar
  • Barwise, Jon, ve S. Moss Lawrence. Vicious Circles (CSLI Lecture Notes: Number 60). Stanford: CSLI Publications, 1996. google scholar
  • Churchland, Patricia S. Neurophilosophy: Toward a Unified Science of the Mind/Brain. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1986. google scholar
  • Churchland, Paul M. “Eliminative Materialism and the Propositional Attitudes.” Journal of Philosophy, (1981): 67-90. google scholar
  • Dever, John. “Compositionality as Methodology.” Linguistics and Philosophy, (1999): 311-316. google scholar
  • Dowty, David. “Compositionality as an empirical problem.” Direct Compositionality içinde, Derleyen Chris Baker ve Pauline Jacobson, 21-101. Oxford: Oxford University, 2007. google scholar
  • Fodor, Jerry A., ve Zenon W. Pylyshyn. “Connectionism and cognitive architecture: A critical analysis.” Connectionism: Debates on Psychological Explanation içinde, Derleyen Cynthia MacDonald ve Graham MacDonald, 90-163. Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell, 1991. google scholar
  • Frege, Gottlob. “Begriffsschrift, a formula language, modeled upon that of arithmetic, for pure thought.” From Frege to Gödel içinde, Derleyen Jean van Heijenoort, 1-82. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1879/1967. google scholar
  • —. “Sense and Reference.” The Philosophical Review, (1948): 209-230. google scholar
  • Kazmi, Ali, ve Jeffry Pelletier. “Is Compositionality Formally Vacuous?” Linguistics and Philosophy, (1998): 629-633. google scholar
  • Kuhn, Thomas S. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1962. google scholar
  • Lapin, Shalom, ve Wlodek Zadrozny. “Compositionality, synonymy, and the systematic representation of meaning.” arXiv preprint cs/0001006, (2000). google scholar
  • Montague, Richard. “English as a Formal Language.” Richmond H. Thomason içinde, Derleyen Richmond H. Thomason, 188-221. New Heaven: Yale University Press, 1974a. google scholar
  • Montague, Richard. “Universal Grammar.” Universal Grammar içinde, Derleyen Richmond H. Thomason, 222-246. New Heaven: Yale University Press, 1974b. google scholar
  • Pagin, Peter, ve Dag Westerstahl. “Compositionality ii: Arguments and problems.” Philosophy Compass, (2010): 265-282. google scholar
  • Quine, W. V. From Stimulus to Science. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1995. google scholar
  • Schimmerling, Ernest. A Course on Set Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011. google scholar
  • Westerstahl, Dag. “On Mathematical Proofs of the Vacuity of Compositionality.” Linguistics and Philosophy, (1998): 635-643. google scholar
  • Zadrozny, Wlodek. “From compositional to systematic semantics.” Linguistics and Philosophy, (1994): 329342. google scholar
There are 20 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Philosophy
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Tolgahan Toy 0000-0002-7334-9911

Publication Date June 26, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Issue: 58

Cite

Chicago Toy, Tolgahan. “Bileşimsellik İlkesinin Önemsizliği Üzerine”. Felsefe Arkivi, no. 58 (June 2023): 23-37. https://doi.org/10.26650/arcp.1250850.