Membrane Damaging and Protective Effects of Gypsophila bicolor’s Grossh. (Caryophyllaceae) Root Extract on H1299, A549, and A431 Cells

Year 2024, Volume: 83 Issue: 2, 123 - 130, 19.12.2024

Zeynep Demir , Aysun Özkan , Esin Arı

https://doi.org/10.26650/EurJBiol.2024.1393295

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to determine the effects of the Gypsophila bicolor Grossh. root extract on cell viability and to investigate its protective (antioxidant) effects against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cytotoxicity and membrane damage in A431, A549, and H1299 cells.

Materials and Methods: The study uses the Cell Titer-BlueR Cell Viability assay to determine the cytotoxic effects of catechol on cells and the fluorometric method to determine cellular malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The study uses DPPH free radical scavenging, superoxide anion scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging, and reducing power assays to determine the antioxidant capacity of the G. bicolor root extract.

Results: The IC50 values were respectively calculated as 60, 200, and 70 μg/mL in the H1299, A549, and A431 cells incubated with the root extract for 24 h. The IC50 values of H2O2, a strong oxidizing agent, were found to be 50, 400, and 295 μM, respectively. The most effective cytoprotective concentrations against H2O2 cytotoxicity in the cells pre-incubated with low concentrations of root extract were found to be 5 μg/mL for the A549 and A431 cells and 10 μg/mL for the H1299 cells. MDA levels increased in cells exposed to H2O2 and the root extract (IC50 and IC70) but decreased in the cells pre-incubated with low doses of root extract prior to H2O2 exposure. The root extract’s antioxidant capacity has also been supported by other tests.

Conclusion: While the root extract caused membrane damage in cells due to high concentrations, it showed a protective effect against H2O2 at low concentrations.

Keywords

Gypsophila bicolor, Anticancer, Antioxidant, Oxidant, Malondialdehyde

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