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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>jepr</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>İktisat Politikası Araştırmaları Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2148-3876</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Istanbul University</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26650/JEPR1255062</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Economics</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Ekonomi</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>Effects of Environmental Degradation, Economic, and Demographic Variables on Life Expectancy: Panel Data Analysis for High-Income Countries</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>Çevresel Bozulma, Ekonomik ve Demografik Değişkenlerin Beklenen Yaşam Süresi Üzerindeki Etkileri: Yüksek Gelir Grubundaki Ülkeler İçin Panel Veri Analizi</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8467-3290</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Bulut</surname>
                                    <given-names>Şehadet</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>KİLİS 7 ARALIK ÜNİVERSİTESİ, YUSUF ŞEREFOĞLU SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ, SAĞLIK YÖNETİMİ BÖLÜMÜ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7913-7090</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Ağıralioğlu</surname>
                                    <given-names>Saltuk</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>Hasan Kalyoncu Üniversitesi, Meslek Yüksek Okulu, Bankacılık ve Sigortacılık Bölümü</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20230802">
                    <day>08</day>
                    <month>02</month>
                    <year>2023</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>10</volume>
                                        <issue>2</issue>
                                        <fpage>545</fpage>
                                        <lpage>566</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20230222">
                        <day>02</day>
                        <month>22</month>
                        <year>2023</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20230707">
                        <day>07</day>
                        <month>07</month>
                        <year>2023</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2014, Journal of Economic Policy Researches</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2014</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Journal of Economic Policy Researches</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>Life expectancy is one of the most significant variables that reflect countries’ welfare levels. This study aims to investigate the effects of environmental degradation, economic conditions, and demographic factors on average life expectancy in 10 high-income countries (i.e., Canada, Belgium, England, Germany, Austria, Spain, Sweden, France, Italy, and the USA). The study covers the 2000-2019 period and has selected CO2 emissions, infant mortality rates, unemployment rates, and share of public health expenditures in current health expenditures as the indicators. The study uses the panel data analysis method, first analyzing the countries together and then individually. When examining the countries together, a 1% increase in infant mortality has been determined to lead to a 0.111% decrease in life expectancy, whereas CO2 emissions have no effect on life expectancy. When analyzing the countries separately, a 1% increase in CO2 emissions was observed to reduce life expectancy in Canada, Spain, France, Italy, and Sweden. Reduced unemployment rates and an increased share of public health expenditures were seen to positively affect average life expectancy in England. Moreover, increased CO2 emissions were seen to negatively affect life expectancy in France. Meanwhile, a 1% increase in unemployment in Canada leads to a 0.034% increases in life expectancy, while a 1% increase in the infant mortalityrate causes a 0.239% decrease in life expectancy. As a result, increasing the share of public health expenditures in current health expenditures and decreasing unemployment rates have been concluded to positively affect average life expectancy in high-income countries. Policymakers in high-income countries are expected to focus on environmentally friendly policies that reduce CO2 emissions and increase health expenditures and employment in the coming years; as this in turn will contribute to positive developments in life expectancy. In addition, social policies that reduce infant mortality rates, especially for babies born of a mother going through puberty, may lead to improvements in life expectancy in high-income countries. These findings can be used to contribute to policy makers in high-income countries developing further comprehensive measurements.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>Beklenen yaşam süresi ülkelerin refah düzeylerini gösteren en önemli göstergelerdendir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, yüksek gelir grubu içinde yer alan Kanada, Belçika, İngiltere, Almanya, Avusturya, İspanya, İsveç, Fransa, İtalya ve ABD’de çevresel bozulmanın, ekonomik koşulların ve demografik faktörlerin beklenen yaşam süresi üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmaktır. Bu çalışma 2000-2019 dönemini kapsamaktadır. Araştırmada, CO2 emisyonu, bebek ölüm oranları, işsizlik oranı ve kamu sağlık harcamalarının mevcut sağlık harcamaları içerisindeki payı gibi faktörlerin beklenen yaşam süresine etkileri panel veri analizi yöntemi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Ülkelerin birlikte ele alındığı analiz sonuçlarında bebek ölüm oranındaki %1’lik artışın yaşam beklentisini %0,111 azalttığı, CO2 emisyonlarının ise yaşam beklentisi üzerinde bir etkisinin olmadığı bulunmuştur. Buna karşılık ülkeler tek tek değerlendirildiğinde CO2 emisyonundaki %1’lik artışın Kanada, İspanya, Fransa, İtalya ve İsveç’te yaşam beklentisini düşürdüğü görülmüştür. Ayrıca, İngiltere’de işsizlik oranındaki azalma ve kamu sağlık harcamalarındaki artışın yaşam beklentisini olumlu yönde etkilediği bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. CO2 emisyonundaki artışın en fazla Fransa’da yaşam beklentisini olumsuz yönde etkilediği görülmüştür.Kanada’da işsizlik oranındaki %1’lik artışın yaşam beklentisini %0,034 oranında arttırdığı tespit edilmiştir. Bebek ölüm oranlarındaki %1’lik artış en fazla Kanada’da yaşam beklentisini %0,239 oranında azaltmaktadır. Sonuç olarak ekonomik değişkenlerden yüksek gelir gurubuna dâhil olan ülkelerde kamu sağlık harcamalarının mevcut sağlık harcamaları içerisindeki payının artırılması ve işsizlik oranındaki düşüşler yaşam süresini olumlu yönde etkilediği bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. Üst gelir gurubundaki ülkelerde politika yapıcılarının gelecek yıllarda CO2 salınımını azaltan çevre dostu; sağlık harcamalarını ve istihdamı artıran ekonomi politikalarına yönelmelerinin, beklenen yaşam süresi üzerine olumlu bir gelişme yaratacağı tahmin edilmektedir. Ayrıca gelişmiş ülkelerde özellikle ergenlik çağında doğan bebeklerdeki ölüm oranlarını da azaltıcı sosyal politikalara de beklenen yaşam süresinde iyileşmelere yol açabilir. Bu çalışmanın bulguları, yüksek gelirli ülkelerdeki politika yapıcılarının gelecekte daha kapsamlı tedbirler almasına katkıda bulunabilir.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Beklenen yaşam süresi</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  CO2 emisyonu</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Bebek ölümleri</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Yüksek gelirli ülkeler</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Panel veri analizi</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Life expectancy</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  CO2 emissions</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Infant mortality rate</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  High income countries</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Panel data analysis</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                    <funding-group specific-use="FundRef">
                    <award-group>
                                                    <funding-source>
                                <named-content content-type="funder_name">YOK</named-content>
                            </funding-source>
                                                                            <award-id>YOK</award-id>
                                            </award-group>
                </funding-group>
                                </article-meta>
    </front>
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