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The socio-economic importance of the Apiales

Year 2014, Volume: 44 Issue: 2, 113 - 130, 11.08.2015

Abstract

Within the Apiales, the Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) is by far the most important family, both economically and socially. Although it includes the carrot (Daucus carota), one of the world’s leading root crops, and other widely consumed vegetables such as parsnip (Pastinaca sativa), celery and celeriac (Apium graveolens), the family is perhaps best known for its remarkable diversity of culinary herbs, flavourings, condiments and spices, such as parsley, dill, coriander, anise, chervil, caraway, and cumin which are extensively used in cuisines across the world. It also contains several gum resins and a number of species are used medicinally, while some are poisonous. Several species play an important role as local food crops such as Arracacha (Arracacia xanthorrhiza), a high-value cash crop for poor farmers in the Andes and Lomatium species whose starchy edible roots are used as traditional Native American food. On the negative side, the family contains several weeds and a notorious invasive species, Heracleum ‘mantegazzianum’ which can also cause severe skin blistering. Economically, the Araliaceae contains a number of important ornamental plants grown largely for their attractive foliage such as species of Hedera (ivy), Fatsia japonica, and Schleffera. It is also well known for a group of species known as ginseng, notably Panax ginseng and P. quinquefolia, which are renowned for their apparent stimulant, tonic and aphrodisiac properties. The other families in the Apiales are of little economic importance. The genetic resources and breeding of Araliaceous crops, except for carrot and ginseng, have received little attention

References

  • Ackerfield J, Wen J (2003) Evolution of Hedera (the ivy genus, Araliaceae): insights from chloroplast DNA data. Int.J. Plant Sci. 164: 593–602.
  • Andersen TB, López CQ, Manczak T, Martinez K, Simonsen HT (2015) Thapsigarginfrom Thapsia L. to Mipsagargin. Molecules. 20(4):6113-6127.
  • Anon. (2009) Heracleum mantegazzianum, Heracleum sosnowskyi and Heracleum persicum. EPPO data sheet on Invasive Alien Plants. EPPO Bulletin 39: 489–499.
  • Arbizu C, Ruess H, Senalik D, Simon PW, Spooner DM (2014) Phylogenomics of the carrot genus ( Daucus, Apiaceae) . Am. J. Bot. 101: 1666–1685.
  • Arbizu C, Reitsma KR, Simon PW, Spooner DM (2014) Morphometrics of Daucus (Apiaceae): A counterpart to a phylogenomic study. Am. J. Bot. 10: 2005–2016.
  • Arscott SA, Tanumihardjo SA (2010) Carrots of many colors provide basic nutrition and bioavailable phytochemicals acting as a functional food. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 9: 223–239.
  • Brinkhaus B, Lindner M, Schuppan D, Hahn EG (2000) Chemical, pharmacological and clinical profile of the East Asian medical plant Centella asiatica. Phytomedicine 7(5):427-48.
  • Cheng L, Mitchell PD (2009) Status of the Wisconsin Ginseng Industry. Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Wisconsin-Madison. Court WE (2000) Ginseng, the Genus Panax. CRC Press, New York.
  • Denness A, Armitage JD, Culham S (2013) A contribution towards the identification of the giant hogweed species (Heracleum, Apiaceae) naturalised in the British Isles with comments concerning their furanocoumarin content. New J. Bot. 3 (3): 183–196.
  • FAO (2015) FAOSTAT [Statistics Division of Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations]. http://faostat3.fao.org/9 (Accessed 7 April 2015)
  • Fremstad E & Elven R (2006) The alien giant species of Heracleum in Norway. NTNU Norges teknisk-naturvetenskaplige universitet Vitenskapsmuseet Rapport bottanisk serie 2, 1–35.
  • French DH (1971) Ethnobotany of the Umbelliferae In: The Biology and Chemistry of the Umbelliferae. Academic Press, London, pp. 383–412.
  • Giant Alien Project. 2005. Giant alien: Giant Hogweed (Heracleum mantegazzianum) a pernicious invasive weed: developing a sustainable strategy for alien invasive management in Europe. http://www.giant-alien.dk/project_summary.html (accessed 15 April 2015)
  • Green AF, Ramsey TS, Ramsey J (2011) Phylogeny and Biogeography of Ivies (Hedera spp., Araliaceae), a polyploid complex of woody vines. Syst. Bot. 36(4): 1114–1127
  • Green AF, Ramsey TS, Ramsey J (2013) Polyploidy and invasion of English ivy (Hedera spp., Araliaceae) in North American forests. Biol. Invasions 15 (10): 2219-2241.
  • Grzebelus D, Baranski R, Spalik K, Allender C, Simon PW (2011) Daucus. In: Kole C (ed) Wild crop relatives: genomic and breeding resources, vol 5 Vegetables, Springer, Berlin, pp 91–113
  • Hatch LC (2015) IvyFile. Cultivar.org http://members.tripod.com/~Hatch_L/genuscentral. html#hede (accessed 14 April 2015)
  • Hermann M (1997) Arracacha (Arracacia xanthorriza Bancroft) In: Hermann M, Heller J (eds.) Andean Roots and Tubers: Ahipa, Arracacha, Maca and Yacon. IPGRI, Rome.
  • Heywood VH (ed.) (1971) The Biology and Chemistry of the Umbelliferae. Academic Press, London.
  • Heywood VH & Brunel S (2011) Code of Conduct on Horticulture and Invasive Alien Plants. Illustrated version. Nature and Environment No. 162. Council of Europe Publishing, Strasbourg.
  • Horneburg B, Bauer D, Bufler G (2009) Züchterische Verbesserung der sensorischen Qualität der Pastinake (Pastinaca sativa L.) im Praxisbetrieb. In: Mayer J, Alföldi T, Leiber F et al. (Ed.): Werte – Wege – Wirkungen. Beiträge zur 10. Wissensch. Ökolog.
  • Landbau, Zürich, 11.-13.2.2009; Vol. 1. Köster, Berlin. pp 232-235.
  • Iorizzo M, Senalik D, Ellison S, Grzebelus D, Cavagnaro P, Allender C, Brunet J, Spooner DM,Van Deynze A, Simon PW (2013). Genetic structure and domestication of carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus L.) (Apiaceae). Am. J. Bot. 100: 930–938.
  • Iorizzo M, Senalik DA, Grzebelus D, Bowman M, Cavagnaro PF, Matvienko M, Ashrafi H, Van Deynze, A, Simon, PW (2011) De novo assembly and characterization of the carrot transcriptome reveals novel genes, new markers, and genetic diversity. BMC Genomics 12: 389. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-12-389
  • Iovene M, Grzebelus E, Carputo D, Jiang J, Simon PW (2008) Major cytogenetic landmarks and karyotype analysis in Daucus carota and other Apiaceae. Am J Bot 95:793–804
  • (2013). Molecular phylogeny of Daucus. Syst. Bot. 38: 850–857 . Stolarczyk J, Janick J (2011) History-Carrot: History and Iconography. Chronica Horticulturae 51: 13–18.
  • Tavares AC, Loureiro J, Castro S, Coutinho AP, Paiva J, Cavaleiro C, Salgueiro L, Canhoto JM (2014) Assessment of Daucus carota L. (Apiaceae) subspecies by chemotaxonomic and DNA content analyses. Biochem. Syst.Ecol. 55: 222–230.
  • Tanumihardjo SA, Horvitz MA, Porter-Dosti M, Simon PW (2009) Serum α- and β-carotene concentrations qualitatively respond to sustained carrot feeding. Exp Biol Med 234:1250–6.
  • Taylor DA (2006) Ginseng, the Divine Root: The Curious History of the Plant that Captivated the World. Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA.
  • Vivek BS, Simon PW (1999) Phylogeny and relationships in Daucus based on restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) of the chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes. Euphytica 105: pp 183-189.
  • Waggy, Melissa A. 2010. Hedera helix. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/ [accessed 18April 2015].
  • Weitzel C. Rønsted N. Simonsen HT (2014) Resurrecting deadly carrots. Towards a revision of Thapsia L. (Apiaceae) based on phylogenetic analysis of nrITS sequences and chemical profiles Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 174: 620–636.
  • Wu F, Bian D, Xia Y, Gong Z, Tan Q, Chen J, Da Y (2012) Identification of Major Active Ingredients Responsible for Burn Wound Healing of Centella asiatica Herbs EvidenceBased Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2012, Article ID 848093, pp13. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/848093
  • Yu C, Wang CZ, Zhou CJ, Wang B, Han L, Zhang CF, Wu XH, Yuan CS (2014) Adulteration and cultivation region identification of American ginseng using HPLC coupled with multivariate analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 99:8-15. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.06.031. Epub 2014 Jul 1.
  • Yun TK (2001) Panax ginseng--a non-organ-specific cancer preventive? Lancet Oncol. 2:49–55.

The socio-economic importance of the Apiales

Year 2014, Volume: 44 Issue: 2, 113 - 130, 11.08.2015

Abstract

Within the Apiales, the Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) is by far the
most important family, both economically and socially. Although it includes
the carrot (Daucus carota), one of the world’s leading root crops, and other
widely consumed vegetables such as parsnip (Pastinaca sativa), celery and
celeriac (Apium graveolens), the family is perhaps best known for its remarkable
diversity of culinary herbs, flavourings, condiments and spices, such as parsley,
dill, coriander, anise, chervil, caraway, and cumin which are extensively used in
cuisines across the world. It also contains several gum resins and a number of
species are used medicinally, while some are poisonous. Several species play an
important role as local food crops such as Arracacha (Arracacia xanthorrhiza),
a high-value cash crop for poor farmers in the Andes and Lomatium species
whose starchy edible roots are used as traditional Native American food. On the
negative side, the family contains several weeds and a notorious invasive species,
Heracleum ‘mantegazzianum’ which can also cause severe skin blistering.
Economically, the Araliaceae contains a number of important ornamental plants
grown largely for their attractive foliage such as species of Hedera (ivy), Fatsia
japonica, and Schleffera. It is also well known for a group of species known as
ginseng, notably Panax ginseng and P. quinquefolia, which are renowned for
their apparent stimulant, tonic and aphrodisiac properties. The other families in
the Apiales are of little economic importance. The genetic resources and breeding
of Araliaceous crops, except for carrot and ginseng, have received little attention. 

References

  • Ackerfield J, Wen J (2003) Evolution of Hedera (the ivy genus, Araliaceae): insights from chloroplast DNA data. Int.J. Plant Sci. 164: 593–602.
  • Andersen TB, López CQ, Manczak T, Martinez K, Simonsen HT (2015) Thapsigarginfrom Thapsia L. to Mipsagargin. Molecules. 20(4):6113-6127.
  • Anon. (2009) Heracleum mantegazzianum, Heracleum sosnowskyi and Heracleum persicum. EPPO data sheet on Invasive Alien Plants. EPPO Bulletin 39: 489–499.
  • Arbizu C, Ruess H, Senalik D, Simon PW, Spooner DM (2014) Phylogenomics of the carrot genus ( Daucus, Apiaceae) . Am. J. Bot. 101: 1666–1685.
  • Arbizu C, Reitsma KR, Simon PW, Spooner DM (2014) Morphometrics of Daucus (Apiaceae): A counterpart to a phylogenomic study. Am. J. Bot. 10: 2005–2016.
  • Arscott SA, Tanumihardjo SA (2010) Carrots of many colors provide basic nutrition and bioavailable phytochemicals acting as a functional food. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 9: 223–239.
  • Brinkhaus B, Lindner M, Schuppan D, Hahn EG (2000) Chemical, pharmacological and clinical profile of the East Asian medical plant Centella asiatica. Phytomedicine 7(5):427-48.
  • Cheng L, Mitchell PD (2009) Status of the Wisconsin Ginseng Industry. Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Wisconsin-Madison. Court WE (2000) Ginseng, the Genus Panax. CRC Press, New York.
  • Denness A, Armitage JD, Culham S (2013) A contribution towards the identification of the giant hogweed species (Heracleum, Apiaceae) naturalised in the British Isles with comments concerning their furanocoumarin content. New J. Bot. 3 (3): 183–196.
  • FAO (2015) FAOSTAT [Statistics Division of Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations]. http://faostat3.fao.org/9 (Accessed 7 April 2015)
  • Fremstad E & Elven R (2006) The alien giant species of Heracleum in Norway. NTNU Norges teknisk-naturvetenskaplige universitet Vitenskapsmuseet Rapport bottanisk serie 2, 1–35.
  • French DH (1971) Ethnobotany of the Umbelliferae In: The Biology and Chemistry of the Umbelliferae. Academic Press, London, pp. 383–412.
  • Giant Alien Project. 2005. Giant alien: Giant Hogweed (Heracleum mantegazzianum) a pernicious invasive weed: developing a sustainable strategy for alien invasive management in Europe. http://www.giant-alien.dk/project_summary.html (accessed 15 April 2015)
  • Green AF, Ramsey TS, Ramsey J (2011) Phylogeny and Biogeography of Ivies (Hedera spp., Araliaceae), a polyploid complex of woody vines. Syst. Bot. 36(4): 1114–1127
  • Green AF, Ramsey TS, Ramsey J (2013) Polyploidy and invasion of English ivy (Hedera spp., Araliaceae) in North American forests. Biol. Invasions 15 (10): 2219-2241.
  • Grzebelus D, Baranski R, Spalik K, Allender C, Simon PW (2011) Daucus. In: Kole C (ed) Wild crop relatives: genomic and breeding resources, vol 5 Vegetables, Springer, Berlin, pp 91–113
  • Hatch LC (2015) IvyFile. Cultivar.org http://members.tripod.com/~Hatch_L/genuscentral. html#hede (accessed 14 April 2015)
  • Hermann M (1997) Arracacha (Arracacia xanthorriza Bancroft) In: Hermann M, Heller J (eds.) Andean Roots and Tubers: Ahipa, Arracacha, Maca and Yacon. IPGRI, Rome.
  • Heywood VH (ed.) (1971) The Biology and Chemistry of the Umbelliferae. Academic Press, London.
  • Heywood VH & Brunel S (2011) Code of Conduct on Horticulture and Invasive Alien Plants. Illustrated version. Nature and Environment No. 162. Council of Europe Publishing, Strasbourg.
  • Horneburg B, Bauer D, Bufler G (2009) Züchterische Verbesserung der sensorischen Qualität der Pastinake (Pastinaca sativa L.) im Praxisbetrieb. In: Mayer J, Alföldi T, Leiber F et al. (Ed.): Werte – Wege – Wirkungen. Beiträge zur 10. Wissensch. Ökolog.
  • Landbau, Zürich, 11.-13.2.2009; Vol. 1. Köster, Berlin. pp 232-235.
  • Iorizzo M, Senalik D, Ellison S, Grzebelus D, Cavagnaro P, Allender C, Brunet J, Spooner DM,Van Deynze A, Simon PW (2013). Genetic structure and domestication of carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus L.) (Apiaceae). Am. J. Bot. 100: 930–938.
  • Iorizzo M, Senalik DA, Grzebelus D, Bowman M, Cavagnaro PF, Matvienko M, Ashrafi H, Van Deynze, A, Simon, PW (2011) De novo assembly and characterization of the carrot transcriptome reveals novel genes, new markers, and genetic diversity. BMC Genomics 12: 389. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-12-389
  • Iovene M, Grzebelus E, Carputo D, Jiang J, Simon PW (2008) Major cytogenetic landmarks and karyotype analysis in Daucus carota and other Apiaceae. Am J Bot 95:793–804
  • (2013). Molecular phylogeny of Daucus. Syst. Bot. 38: 850–857 . Stolarczyk J, Janick J (2011) History-Carrot: History and Iconography. Chronica Horticulturae 51: 13–18.
  • Tavares AC, Loureiro J, Castro S, Coutinho AP, Paiva J, Cavaleiro C, Salgueiro L, Canhoto JM (2014) Assessment of Daucus carota L. (Apiaceae) subspecies by chemotaxonomic and DNA content analyses. Biochem. Syst.Ecol. 55: 222–230.
  • Tanumihardjo SA, Horvitz MA, Porter-Dosti M, Simon PW (2009) Serum α- and β-carotene concentrations qualitatively respond to sustained carrot feeding. Exp Biol Med 234:1250–6.
  • Taylor DA (2006) Ginseng, the Divine Root: The Curious History of the Plant that Captivated the World. Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA.
  • Vivek BS, Simon PW (1999) Phylogeny and relationships in Daucus based on restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) of the chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes. Euphytica 105: pp 183-189.
  • Waggy, Melissa A. 2010. Hedera helix. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/ [accessed 18April 2015].
  • Weitzel C. Rønsted N. Simonsen HT (2014) Resurrecting deadly carrots. Towards a revision of Thapsia L. (Apiaceae) based on phylogenetic analysis of nrITS sequences and chemical profiles Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 174: 620–636.
  • Wu F, Bian D, Xia Y, Gong Z, Tan Q, Chen J, Da Y (2012) Identification of Major Active Ingredients Responsible for Burn Wound Healing of Centella asiatica Herbs EvidenceBased Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2012, Article ID 848093, pp13. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/848093
  • Yu C, Wang CZ, Zhou CJ, Wang B, Han L, Zhang CF, Wu XH, Yuan CS (2014) Adulteration and cultivation region identification of American ginseng using HPLC coupled with multivariate analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 99:8-15. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.06.031. Epub 2014 Jul 1.
  • Yun TK (2001) Panax ginseng--a non-organ-specific cancer preventive? Lancet Oncol. 2:49–55.
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Vernon H. Heywood This is me

Publication Date August 11, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2014 Volume: 44 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Heywood, V. H. (2015). The socio-economic importance of the Apiales. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Istanbul University, 44(2), 113-130.
AMA Heywood VH. The socio-economic importance of the Apiales. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Istanbul University. August 2015;44(2):113-130.
Chicago Heywood, Vernon H. “The Socio-Economic Importance of the Apiales”. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Istanbul University 44, no. 2 (August 2015): 113-30.
EndNote Heywood VH (August 1, 2015) The socio-economic importance of the Apiales. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Istanbul University 44 2 113–130.
IEEE V. H. Heywood, “The socio-economic importance of the Apiales”, Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Istanbul University, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 113–130, 2015.
ISNAD Heywood, Vernon H. “The Socio-Economic Importance of the Apiales”. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Istanbul University 44/2 (August 2015), 113-130.
JAMA Heywood VH. The socio-economic importance of the Apiales. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Istanbul University. 2015;44:113–130.
MLA Heywood, Vernon H. “The Socio-Economic Importance of the Apiales”. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Istanbul University, vol. 44, no. 2, 2015, pp. 113-30.
Vancouver Heywood VH. The socio-economic importance of the Apiales. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Istanbul University. 2015;44(2):113-30.