Alkaloid profiling in Galanthus gracilis Celak. from western Turkey by GC/MS

Year 2018, Volume: 48 Issue: 3, 73 - 75, 01.12.2018

Çiğdem Karakoyun

Abstract

DOI: 10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2018.422525

Galanthus
L. is generally acknowledged as a valuable biological source due to its
Amaryllidaceae alkaloids with unusual chemical structures and a wide variety of
biological activities. Among these alkaloids, galanthamine is the first example
of their practical application in medicine as a potent and selective inhibitor
of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, and already present on the market as a
therapeutic agent for Alzheimer’s disease. Lycorine is the main Amaryllidaceae
alkaloid deeply investigated for its biological activity for many years. In
this study the alkaloidal profile of G. gracilis collected from western Aegean
(Alankıyı/Bayındır) will be illustrated for the first time. GC-MS profiling was
carried out on the crude alkaloidal extract obtained from dried and powdered
plant material. 11 alkaloids were detected by GC-MS, including graciline,
demethylhomolycorine and tazettine as the major ones.

Keywords

Galanthus gracilis, tazettine, graciline, demethylhomolycorine, Amaryllidaceae, tazettine

References

• Reference1Berkov S, Bastida J, Nikolova M, Viladomat F, Codina C (2008). Rapid TLC/GC-MS identification of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in alkaloid extracts. Phytochemical Analysis doi: 10.1002/pca.1066.
• Reference2Berkov S, Bastida J, Tsvetkova R, Viladomat F, Codina C (2009). Alkaloids from Sternbergia colchiciflora. Zeitschrift Fur Naturforschung Section C-a Journal of Biosciences 64: 311-316.
• Reference3Berkov S, Sidjimova B, Evstatieva L, Popov S (2004). Intraspecific variability in the alkaloid metabolism of Galanthus elwesii. Phytochemistry 65: 579-586.
• Reference4Bozkurt-Sarikaya B, Kaya GI, Onur MA, Bastida J, Berkov S, Unver-Somer N (2014). GC/MS Analysis of Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids in Galanthus gracilis. Chemistry of Natural Compounds 50: 573-575.
• Reference5Bozkurt B, Emir A, Kaya GI, Onur MA, Berkov S, Bastida J, Unver Somer N (2017). Alkaloid profiling of Galanthus woronowii Losinsk. by GC-MS and evaluation of its biological activity. Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal doi: 10.12991/mpj.2017.12.
• Reference6Conforti F, Loizzo MR, Marrelli M, Menichini F, Statti GA, Uzunov D, Menichini F (2010). Quantitative determination of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids from Galanthus reginae-olgae subsp vernalis and in vitro activities relevant for neurodegenerative diseases. Pharmaceutical Biology 48: 2-9.
• Reference7Davis AP (2006). Snowdrops, A Monograph of Cultivated Galanthus. In: The Genus Galanthus – Snowdrops in the wild. , Griffin Press Publishing Ltd.
• Reference8Evans WC, Evans D, Trease GE (2002). Trease and Evans Pharmacognosy. fifteenth ed, Edinburgh, New York, W B Saunders.
• Reference9Gabrielsen B, Monath TP, Huggins JW, Kefauver DF, Pettit GR, Groszek G, Hollingshead M, Kirsi JJ, Shannon WM, Schubert EM, Dare J, Ugarkar B, Ussery MA, Phelan MJ (1992). Antiviral (Rna) Activity of Selected Amaryllidaceae Isoquinoline Constituents and Synthesis of Related Substances. Journal of Natural Products doi: Doi 10.1021/Np50089a003.
• Reference10Lopez S, Bastida J, Viladomat F, Codina C (2002). Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of some Amaryllidaceae alkaloids and Narcissus extracts. Life Sciences doi: 10.1016/S0024-3205(02)02034-9.
• Reference11Noyan S, Rentsch GH, Onur MA, Gozler T (1998). The gracilines: A novel subgroup of the amaryllidaceae alkaloids. Heterocycles 48: 1777-1791.
• Reference12Sarıkaya BB, Berkov S, Bastida J, Kaya GI, Unver-Somer N (2013). GC-MS Investigation of Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids in Galanthus xvalentine nothosubsp. subplicatus. Natural Product Communications 8: 327-328.
• Reference13Sarikaya BB, Somer NU, Kaya GI, Onur MA, Bastida J, Berkov S (2013). GC-MS Investigation and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activity of Galanthus rizehensis. Zeitschrift Fur Naturforschung Section C-a Journal of Biosciences 68: 118-124.
• Reference14Unver N, Kaya GI (2005). An unusual pentacyclic dinitrogenous alkaloid from Galanthus gracilis. Turkish Journal of Chemistry 29: 547-553.
• Reference15Unver N, Noyan S, Gozler T, Onur MA, Gozler B, Hesse M (1999). Three new tazettine-type alkaloids from Galanthus gracilis and Galanthus plicatus subsp byzantinus. Planta Medica 65: 347-350.